Flowering Growth Research Articles

Simulation the Fertility Parameters of Artificial Soils for Green Zones in the Infrastructure of Cities in Western Siberia

A method is proposed for creating artificial potting soils on the basis of modeling optimal physical properties for the growth and development of lawn grasses and flower beds in the cities of Western Siberia. The properties of soils obtained by mixing the corresponding components with the specified characteristics of the granulometric composition and the main water-mechanical properties are studied. The work is based on regression formulas that are part of the mathematical model of fertility of artificial soils. When creating a fertile layer, any local materials (clay, sand, peat) can be used as components, which reduce the cost of transportation and storage of imported raw materials. The resulting soil is capable of ensuring the long-term growth of herbs and flowers in the conditions of urban development and the severe Siberian climate.

The WUSCHEL-related homeobox1 gene of cucumber regulates reproductive organ development.

The WUSCHEL-related homeobox1 (WOX1) transcription factor plays an important role in lateral growth of plant organs; however, the underlying mechanisms in the regulation of reproductive development are largely unknown. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) has separate male and female flowers, facilitating the study of the role of WOX1 in stamen and carpel development. Here, we identified a mango fruit (mf) mutant in cucumber, which displayed multiple defects in flower growth as well as male and female sterility. Map-based cloning showed that Mf encodes a WOX1-type transcriptional regulator (CsWOX1), and that the mf mutant encodes a truncated protein lacking the conserved WUS box. Further analysis showed that elevated expression of CsWOX1 was responsible for the mutant phenotype in cucumber and Arabidopsis. Comparative transcriptome profiling revealed certain key players and CsWOX1-associated networks that regulate reproductive development. CsWOX1 directly interacts with cucumber SPOROCYTELESS (CsSPL), and many genes in the CsSPL-mediated pathway were down-regulated in plants with the mutant allele at the Mf locus. In addition, auxin distribution was affected in both male and female flowers of the mutant. Taking together, these data suggest that CsWOX1 may regulate early reproductive organ development and be involved in sporogenesis via the CsSPL-mediated pathway and/or modulate auxin signaling in cucumber.

Effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate and citrate phosphate buffer in vase solution on microbial growth and quality of Mokara orchid flowers ‘Moo-daeng’

Effect of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (DICA) and citrate phosphate buffer in vase solution on microbial growth and quality of Mokara orchid flowers (Arachins × Ascocentrum × Vanda) ‘Moo-daeng’ was investigated by holding flowers in citrate phosphate buffer (CPB) pH 5.4, citrate phosphate buffer pH 7.4, 50 ppm DICA + citric acid buffer pH 5.4 and 50 ppm DICA + citrate phosphate buffer (CPB) pH 7.4, respectively, in an observation room (21±2°C, 70-80% RH, cool-white fluorescence lights for 12 h d-1) throughout experimental period. The result showed that DICA + CPB was the most effective on inhibiting microbial growth in the vase solution. This was related to the microbial content in the xylem in day 0 and 6 by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The microbial growth was undetectable in treatments of DICA + CPB while holding flowers in the buffer only had a load of microbial content in the xylem in day 6 of the vase period. Additionally, flowers hold in the buffer pH 7.4 produced the highest ethylene concentration and had the shortest vase life of 7.8 days, while the longevity of treatments of DICA + CPB pH 5.4 and 7.4 were 9.8 and 8.8 days, respectively.

Greenhouse Culture and Production of Four Ornamental Native Wetland Plants

Wetland restoration is an important way to improve ecosystem services, but many wetland nurseries lack the facilities that are traditionally used to produce large numbers of native plants used in these projects. Our goal was to evaluate growth and performance of four wetland species in a variety of substrates, fertilizer regimes, and irrigation methods under greenhouse conditions. Plants were grown in pots with drainage holes filled with one of four substrates (potting substrate, topsoil, sand, 50/50 mix of topsoil, and sand) amended with 0, 1, 2, or 4 g of 15N–3.9P–10K controlled-release fertilizer per liter of substrate. Irrigation was supplied via an overhead system or subirrigation. After 16 weeks of production, plants were scored for visual quality and plant height before a destructive harvest. Broadleaf sagittaria (Sagittaria latifolia) was mostly unaffected by substrate type but performed best when subirrigated and fertilized with 4 g·L−1 of fertilizer. Growth of skyflower (Hydrolea corymbosa) and cardinal flower (Lobelia cardinalis) was best when fertilized with 2 or 4 g·L−1 of fertilizer and grown using overhead irrigation. String lily (Crinum americanum) was unaffected by substrate type but produced the largest plants when subirrigated. These experiments provide guidance for cultivating these wetland species under greenhouse conditions, which may allow growers to efficiently produce plant material needed for the restoration market.

MicroRNA control of flowering and annual crop cycle in tropical/subtropical horticultural trees

The horticultural tree life cycle can be differentiated into two distinct growth stages – vegetative and reproductive. Unlike annual crops, horticultural tree crops enter into an annual flowering cycle once they attain the reproductive phase. Herein, they undergo various developmental changes including flowering, fruit set, fruit development, fruit ripening, fruit drop and vegetative growth. The annual crop cycle is critical for horticultural crops like Persea americana (avocado) and Macadamia integrifolia (macadamia) as their productivity depends upon successful flowering and fruit development. It is therefore important to understand flowering and the factors involved in the crop cycle in these horticultural trees. Various endogenous and exogenous factors are involved in flowering regulation. Among them a class of small non-coding RNAs known as microRNAs play a vital role. We investigated the expression of flowering-associated miRNAs in avocado and macadamia at distinctive time-points during their annual crop cycle. We looked at the expression of two miRNA that are known act antagonistically during flowering: the floral inhibitor miR156 and the floral promoter miR172, which regulates APETALA2 (AP2)-like transcription factors. Preliminary results from avocado showed no significant difference in the expression of miR156 during the crop cycle, while significant differences were observed for miR172. For both crops, abundance of miR172 was higher during flowering and initial fruiting but lower at fruit ripening and drop/harvest. These results will help us in understanding flowering regulation in horticultural trees by providing first insight into microRNAs and their putative targets in these crops.

Constant Isothiocyanate-Release Potentials across Biofumigant Seeding Rates.

Biofumigation is an integrated pest-management method involving the mulching of a glucosinolate-containing cover crop into a field in order to generate toxic isothiocyanates (ITCs), which are effective soil-borne-pest-control compounds. Variation in biofumigation efficacy demonstrates a need to better understand the factors affecting pest-control outcomes and develop best practices for choosing biofumigants, growth conditions, and mulching methods that allow the greatest potential isothiocyanate release. We measured the glucosinolate concentrations of six different commercial varieties of three biofumigant plant species: Brassica juncea (ISCI99, Vitasso, and Scala) Raphanus sativus (Diablo and Bento), and Sinapis alba (Ida Gold). The plants were grown in the range of commercially appropriate seeding rates and sampled at three growth stages (early development, mature, and 50% flowering). Within biofumigant species, the highest ITC-release potentials were achieved with B. juncea cv. ISCI99 and R. sativus cv. Bento. The highest ITC-release potential occurred at the 50% flowering growth stage across the species. The seeding rate had a minor impact on the ITC-release potential of R. sativus but had no significant effects on the ITC-release potentials of the B. juncea or S. alba cultivars.

A novel and smart automatic light-seeking flowerpot for monitoring flower growth environment

Although the flowerpot is widely used for indoor flowers, it cannot meet the needs of intelligent management during the uncared-for period. The objective of this study was to design a new microcontroller-based smart flowerpot. Its overall system was composed of three parts: information collection layer, automatic control layer and data transmission layer. Firstly, in the process of collecting information, the Laiyite criterion and the normalized weighted average algorithm were adopted to improve the accuracy of information collection. Secondly, for making precise control decisions, the fuzzy control was used to achieve automatic on-demand watering. Finally, the method for comparative analysis of regional light intensity was utilized to achieve light-seeking and light-supplementing. Experimental results showed that the smart flowerpot had strong anti-jamming performance for information collection, the relative soil moisture of flowers could be stably maintained near the optimum humidity (65%), and the light was well-distributed on the flower with the error angle of light-supplementing ranged from –3° to 3°. Keywords: smart flowerpot, automatic watering, seeking light, supplementing light control, microcontroller DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181102.2786 Citation: Zhang X H, Liu D, Fan C G, Du J L, Meng F F, Fang J L. A novel and smart automatic light-seeking flowerpot for monitoring flower growth environment. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(2): 184–189.

Seasonal abundance of cotton thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) across crop and non-crop vegetation in an Australian cotton producing region

The spatio-temporal relationships of thrips populations across weeds and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvales: Malvaceae) crops were studied across the agricultural landscape of the Namoi Valley, New South Wales, Australia. In a structured sampling program, the seasonal patterns of host plant use by Thrips tabaci Lindeman, Frankliniella occidentalis Pergrande and F. schultzei Trybom (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) were quantified in relation to their invasion of cotton crops. Plants of 69 species (in 20 families) were sampled; T. tabaci was the most numerous thrips species and was recorded from 31 plant species, F. occidentalis was less numerous but recorded from 35 plant species, and F. schultzei was present at very low densities on 25 plant species. Both T. tabaci and F. occidentalis were mostly collected from weeds flowering in spring and summer, when these plants were most abundant. The seasonal composition of thrips populations on cotton changed from predominately T. tabaci on seedling cotton to F. schultzei and F. occidentalis on mature flowering cotton later in the season. High T. tabaci abundance on early season cotton was attributed to the abundance of T. tabaci on the surrounding weed species, because the weed hosts on which it was recorded were plentiful then. In contrast, the patterns of F. occidentalis and F. schultzei abundance on cotton were not correlated with their abundance on weeds, but rather with the emergence of cotton flowers. The genetic relationships and cryptic species identity of thrips on cotton relative to those on the other host plant species sampled was investigated through the analysis of mitochondrial CO1 gene sequences. Thrips tabaci and F. occidentalis collected from cotton were genetically identical to conspecifics collected from weeds. This is consistent with these insects moving onto cotton plants from nearby source populations on weeds. Frankliniella schultzei is a species complex in Australia, two members of which are present in this region, but only the black species was found in these surveys. This study demonstrates that (i) weeds play an important role in the population ecology of thrips, particularly in T. tabaci infesting early season cotton crops, (ii) the role of weeds warrants consideration in relation to pest management strategies, and (iii) without considering the surrounding landscape (which needs definition relative to each pest species) invasions cannot be readily understood mechanistically.

Perkembangan Usaha Agribisnis Bunga Anggrek Vanda Potong pada Kembang Batur Anggrek Collection di Desa Sanur Kaja Denpasar

The Business Growth of Cut Orchid Vanda Flower in Kembang Batur AnggrekCollection at Desa Sanur Kaja Denpasar Timur, Denpasar-Bali
 Increasing number of flowrist at Denpasar City make every company must havemore value to attract consumers. Kembang Batur Anggrek Collection is one of theflowrist that supply consumer’s need at Denpasar. The purpose of the study todetermine how the business growth of cut orchid Vanda flower observed form profit,volume of sales, and constraints in Kembang Batur Anggrek Collection. The resultsof this study shows profit growth in the TR calculation is Rp 5.831.500.000,00 ; theTC calculation is Rp 3.704.811.000,00 and the calculation profit obtained is Rp2.126.689.000 over ten years. The average business profits of cut orchid Vandaflower in Kembang Batur Anggrek Collection is Rp 212.668.900,00 every year andthe sales volume of the annual accounts showed an increasing sales. The cultivationof Cut Orchid Vanda Flower in Kembang Batur Anggrek Collection should becontinued and developed with effort leads to an increase in the number ofproduction. In order to fulfill the increasing market demand of Cut Orchid VandaFlower.

Phenological growth stages of Feijoa [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] according to the BBCH scale under tropical Andean conditions

Abstract Acca sellowiana is an important crop and ornamental tree worldwide. The current investigation examines the phenological growth stages of A. sellowiana according to the BBCH (Biologische Bundesantalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie) scale. We identified six principal growth stages in A. sellowiana, which depict (1) bud development, (2) leaf development, (3) shoot development, (4) flower emergence, (5) flowering and (6) fruit development. Leaf development since bud initiation to mature leaf stage occurs between three to four months. Floral button to full flowering occurs in about eight day period. Anthesis occurs between three to four days since the time of the floral button forms a ball of petals. Two fruit production events occurred yearly and fruits reach maturity by four to five months. The BBCH scale has important applications in the ornamental and crop production industries. The scale can be used in management, production and pest control practices. Environmental factors such as precipitation play an important role in phenological changes. This investigation is sought to expand the current knowledge on the phenology of A. sellowiana which is of interest to the general public, horticulturists, students and researchers.

A novel and smart automatic light-seeking flowerpot for monitoring flower growth environment

Although the flowerpot is widely used for indoor flowers, it cannot meet the needs of intelligent management during the uncared-for period. The objective of this study was to design a new microcontroller-based smart flowerpot. Its overall system was composed of three parts: information collection layer, automatic control layer and data transmission layer. Firstly, in the process of collecting information, the Laiyite criterion and the normalized weighted average algorithm were adopted to improve the accuracy of information collection. Secondly, for making precise control decisions, the fuzzy control was used to achieve automatic on-demand watering. Finally, the method for comparative analysis of regional light intensity was utilized to achieve light-seeking and light-supplementing. Experimental results showed that the smart flowerpot had strong anti-jamming performance for information collection, the relative soil moisture of flowers could be stably maintained near the optimum humidity (65%), and the light was well-distributed on the flower with the error angle of light-supplementing ranged from –3° to 3°. Keywords: smart flowerpot, automatic watering, seeking light, supplementing light control, microcontroller DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20181102.2786 Citation: Zhang X H, Liu D, Fan C G, Du J L, Meng F F, Fang J L. A novel and smart automatic light-seeking flowerpot for monitoring flower growth environment. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2018; 11(2): 184–189.

An evaluation of yellow-flowering magnolias and magnolia rootstocks

Yellow-flowering magnolias were evaluated for flower color, bloom duration and growth rate in USDA Hardiness Zone 6b. Of the 30 selections evaluated, all were reported to have yellow blooms; however, tepal color ranged from light pink with some yellow coloration, creamy yellow to dark yellow. 'Daphne', 'Judy Zuk', and 'Yellow Bird' have the darkest yellow tepals and would often be the last to bloom. 'Gold Star', 'Golden Gala', 'Stellar Acclaim', 'Sun Spire', and 'Sundance' had the lightest yellow tepal color. 'Goldfinch', 'Butterflies', and 'Elizabeth' were the earliest to bloom and 'Elizabeth' had one of the longest flowering periods. 'Carlos' and 'Gold Star' are the tallest selections at 7 m each after 10 years in the evaluation. 'Golden Gala', 'Gold Star', 'Carlos', 'Lois', and 'Yellow Lantern' had the largest trunk diameters and averaged over 2.5 cm growth per year. 'Sun Spire' has one of the smallest trunk diameters and shows an annual increase of about 1.5 cm per year. Powdery mildew incidence, Phyllactinia corylea and Microsphaera alni, was observed on all selections; however, 'Golden Sun', 'Solar Flair', 'Stellar Acclaim', 'Sunburst', 'Sunsation', and 'Yellow Bird' had greater than 40% of the leaf area affected with mildew with over 60% of the canopy affected by late summer. Powdery mildew was significantly less on 'Banana Split', 'Carlos', 'Elizabeth', and 'Sun Spire'. An evaluation of rootstocks revealed 'Leonard Messel' had more height growth occur with scions than selections budded onto other rootstocks in comparison to scions budded on to 'Wada's Memory' rootstock which produced the smallest height growth. Rootstocks 'Wada's Memory' and 'Ballerina' produced the smallest scion trunk diameter growth. After 5 years, bud incompatibility was observed on rootstocks 'Ballerina' and 'Leonard Messel' as indicated in the difference of growth between the rootstock and the scion.

Identification and expression analysis of 11 MADS-box genes in peach (Prunus persica var. nectarina ‘Luxing’)

ABSTRACTMADS-box genes play a central role in the development of flowers in plants. In this study, 11 PpMADSs were isolated from ‘Luxing’ peach, and the expression levels were detected in different tissues and fruit development. Eleven PpMADSs, designated as PpMADS13, 14, 18, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 35, and 39 were isolated. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PpMADS13, 14, and 18 belonged to SVP, AGL15, and MIKC* group respectively; PpMADS23, 24, 25, and 39 were in the Mα group; PpMADS32, 33, 34, and 35 belonged to the Mγ group. Predictions from subcellular localization showed that 10 PpMADS were located in the nucleus. RT-PCR revealed that PpMADS13 was expressed in stems, leaves, and during fruit development (70d); PpMADS14 was expressed in sepals, stamens, petals, and during flower development; PpMADS18 was expressed in roots, stems, leaves, sepals, ovaries, stamens, petals, and during flower and fruit development; all MADS-box genes (expect for PpMADS33) in the Mα and Mγ group were expressed in roots, stems, leaves, sepals, ovaries, stamens, petals, and during flower development; few genes were expressed during fruit development. These results indicated that PpMADS may play a crucial regulatory role in vegetative growth and development processes of flowers and fruits in peaches.

Correlation between Cultivation Environment, Cropping System, and Quality Elements of Cut Flower and in Dendranthema grandiflorum ‘Jinba’

This study was conducted to analyze the correlation between cultivation environment, cropping system, and the quality of cut flower in autumn-winter season chrysanthemum‘Jinba’, and to suggest the cultivation factors that can improve the quality of cut flower. It was examined for cultivation environment such as average day and night temperature, average day and night relative humidity, average day and night vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and integrated solar radiation of 4 farms planted in mid-October. Also, it was surveyed for cropping system such as cutting condition, growth period, irrigation method, soil chemical properties. Chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’ was harvested in order to investigate the quality of cutting of four farms, and then growth, chlorophyll content, and vase life of cut flowers were investigated. Based on these data, it was analyzed for the correlation between cultivation environment, cropping system, and quality of cut flower elements. In correlation between cultivation environment and quality of cut flower, the average night temperature showed a negative correlation with the growth of cut flower, and it was no correlation with other environmental factors. The vase life showed a negative correlation with the average day and night temperature and VPD, and a most positive correlation with the average day and night humidity. In correlation between cropping system and quality of cut flower, the cutting length, period of vegetative growth, daily irrigation amount, and total irrigation amount showed a less positive correlation, and leaf number of cutting and soil pH showed a most positive correlation with growth of cut flower. On the other hand, soil EC showed a less negative correlation, and days to flowering after light out showed a most negative correlation with growth of cut flower. The vase life of cut flower was not correlated with the cropping system factors. Key words: cultivation factor, cutting condition, growth period, irrigation method, soil chemical properties

Potential Applications and Antifungal Activities of Engineered Nanomaterials against Gray Mold Disease Agent Botrytis cinerea on Rose Petals.

Nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for use in the fields of biomedicine, building materials, and environmental protection because of their antibacterial properties. However, there are few reports regarding the antifungal activities of NPs on plants. In this study, we evaluated the antifungal roles of NPs against Botrytis cinerea, which is a notorious worldwide fungal pathogen. Three common carbon nanomaterials, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerene, and reduced graphene oxide, and three commercial metal oxidant NPs, copper oxide (CuO) NPs, ferric oxide (Fe2O3) NPs, and titanium oxides (TiO2) NPs, were independently added to water-agar plates at 50 and 200-mg/L concentrations. Detached rose petals were inoculated with spores of B. cinerea and co-cultured with each of the six nanomaterials. The sizes of the lesions on infected rose petals were measured at 72 h after inoculation, and the growth of fungi on the rose petals was observed by scanning electron microscopy. The six NPs inhibited the growth of B. cinerea, but different concentrations had different effects: 50 mg/L of fullerene and CuO NPs showed the strongest antifungal properties among the treatments, while 200 mg/L of CuO and Fe2O3 showed no significant antifungal activities. Thus, NPs may have antifungal activities that prevent B. cinerea infections in plants, and they could be used as antifungal agents during the growth and post-harvesting of roses and other flowers.

Males and females of Juniperus communis L. and Taxus baccata L. show different seasonal patterns of nitrogen and carbon content in needles

Genders of dioecious species often show secondary sexual dimorphisms (not directly related to the sex organs), which may be related to reproductive demand for resources during the year. Our working hypothesis stated that phenology influences yearly sex-specific pattern of foliar nitrogen concentration in dioecious species. The concentration of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) of last year’s needles (on part of twigs where strobili are bearing) was measured in 1-month intervals from March to November in Taxus baccata L. and Juniperus communis L. separately for males and females. Seasonal C concentration of needles was unrelated to gender, probably due to storage elsewhere in the plants. Needles of J. communis females had higher N concentration in March and April but this dropped to the same level as males after flowering and vegetative growth began. This suggests that females of J. communis, a species of N-poor habitats, have a long-term strategy of N storage. Nitrogen concentration was not different between the sexes during the rest of the growing season. In T. baccata, N concentration was higher in males throughout the analysed period, but the highest differences were in the period of intensive shoot elongation and radial growth. The high demand for N in the period of intensive growth and female cone maturation may result in restrictions in the vegetative growth of females. The results indicate that the time (phenology) and species-specific strategy significantly affect the concentration of N in females and males.

Influence of planting density on vegetative morphomatrix, yield and economics of drumstick (Moringa oleifera) cv. PKM 1 under rainfed condition of semi-arid ecosystem

A field study was carried on drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam) cv. PKM 1, to evaluate the effect of different planting density on vegetative morphomatrix, yield and economics under semi-arid rainfed conditions of western India. This experiment was laid out at the Krishi Vigyan Kendra-Panchmahal (ICAR-CIAH), Godhra, Gujarat. The objective of the study was to determine the best plant spacing for increased revenue. Among the evaluated different planting distance, the highest plant height was recorded in T5 (2m×2m), having the maximum number of plant per unit area. However, the highest stem girth, plant spread (East-West) and (North-South), was recorded in T1. However, the highest yield per plant recorded with 6m×4m distance, but on per unit area basis, T5 (2m×2m) exhibited almost triple the yield over planting distance (6m×4m). The plant densities had considerable influence on flower emergence, flowering period, number of panicles/plant, number of flowers/panicle, % flower, number of fruits/panicle at harvest, number of fruits/plant at harvest, fruit weight, fruit length (cm), fruit girth (cm). The highest net returns (rupees 247 081.45) and cost benefit ratio (3.67) was computed in T5 followed by T5 (rupees 191 950.40 and 3.52), T2 (rupees 147 359.30 and 3.33), T3 (Rs. 99 677.40 and 3.05) and T1 (rupees 72 169.10 and 2.87). Based on the observations, it can be concluded that the closer planting (2m×2m) had better productivity and income than the under spacing (6m×4m) per unit area under the rainfed condition of semi-arid ecosystem.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Deteksi Dini Perkembangan Anak Usia Balita Terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Ibu Dalam Melakukan Deteksi Dini Perkembangan Anak di Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat Sikumana, Kota Kupang

Early childhood is the "golden period" of child development, the window of opportunity and the critical period. This period is a sensitive period, a period of rapid and important growth and development. If there is a drift of growth and not detected early then it will affect the growth of the next flower (Siswanto, 2010). Based on data from East Nusa Tenggara Health Profile (2010), early detection in children under five in Kupang City was 1,506 children (9.3%) of 16,121 children under five. Research Ina A., 2014, in Kota Kupang, found 19 respondents experiencing development deviations. Existing phenomenon in the field rarely found early detection activities of child development in Maternal and Child Health Services. Assessment of progress with KPSP is easy to do as long as you know how. This study aims to analyze the influence of health education on early detection of the child under five development of children towards improving mother's knowledge and skill in early detection of child development, at Maternal and Child Health Services, health center of Sikumana, Kupang City ". This type of research is experimental with one group design pre-test and post-test design. The sample size was 44 people, ie 22 treatment and 22 no treatment. Random sampling. The results of this study indicate that there is an effect of health education on early detection of the development of children under five on improving mother's knowledge and skills in early detection of child development, in Maternal and Child Health Services Sikumana Health Center, Kupang City "with p = 0,000, for knowledge and p = 0,000 for skills.

Growth and flowering response of flamingo flower on selected growth media

Growth and flowering response of flamingo flower on selected growth media

Dry Matter Production and Seed Yield of Soybean as Affected by Post-Flowering Salinity and Water Stress

The experiment was conducted in a vinyl house of the Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydebpur, Gazipur, during rabi season of 2015-2016 to evaluate the sensitivity of different post-flowering growth stages of soybean to salinity (100 mM NaCl) and water stress (70% depletion of available water) imposed at 4th to 6th, 6th to 8th, 8th to 10th and 10th to 12th wees after emergence. Shoot dry weight wa found more sensitive to salt and water stress than root dry weight at all the post flowering growth stages. The highest relative shoot dry weight (91.47%) and relative root dry weight (95.58%) were recorded from salt and water stressed plants, respectively when both the treatments imposed at 4th to 6th weeks after emergence. The highest seed yield (10.47 g plant-1 ) was obtained from the control treatment followed by that (8.68 g plant-1) under salt stress treatment imposed at 10th to 12th weeks after emergence. Contrary, the lowest seed yield of 0.69 g plant-1 was obtained from the salt stress treatment imposed at 4th to 6th weeks after emergence. Among the stages, 4th to 6th weeks after emergence of soybean was found the most sensitive to salt stress in relation to seed yield reduction. The salt stress imposed at 6th to 8th weeks after emergence was also found damaging for seed yield production.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2016 19(2): 21-27