Growth Of Corn Plants Research Articles

Metolachlor metal-organic framework nanoparticles for reducing leaching, ecotoxicity and improving bioactivity.

The adverse effects of pesticides has led to a series of ecological, environmental and public health issues. Amide herbicides are an important agrochemical, yet many are prone to leach and pollute the environment, which limits their further application. In this study, metolachlor (METO) was selected as a model pesticide and a controlled released nanoparticle (NP) system was constructed employing a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 hybrid inorganic-organic porous material (METO@ZIF-8). The synthesis parameters of METO@ZIF-8 were optimized, and the loading content of METO@ZIF-8 was maximized by a central composite design of response surface test. The NPs were regular dodecahedron with uniform size (mostly 54.3nm diameter). METO@ZIF-8 had high specific surface area and good dispersal in water. Moreover, it endowed the active ingredient with a pH-responsive release property. The nanocarrier effectively improved the adsorption capacity of METO in soil and reduce the leaching by 10.3-21.7%. Pot experiments suggested that the control effect of METO@ZIF-8 was 16.6 and 48.4% higher than that of METO emulsifiable concentrate (EC) and METO technical concentration (TC) at the recommended dose. Based on the excellent controlled release profiles, METO@ZIF-8 did not affect corn plant growth and significantly reduced the risk of phytotoxicity induced by METO. METO@ZIF-8 effectively reduced acute toxicity in zebrafish compared with METO EC. This study explored the fabrication of a nanocarrier for improving the efficacy and promoting the environmental safety of leachable amide herbicides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) YANG DIBERI PUPUK BOKASHI PADA LAHAN KERING

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of bokashi fertilizer on the growth of corn plants and the dose of bokashi fertilizer that gives a better effect on the growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in Lakalamba Village, Sawerigadi District, West Muna Regency and Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University. The time of this research from July to November 2021. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consisted of five treatment levels and each treatment was repeated three times so that there were 15 experimental units. The five levels were no fertilizer (control), fertilizer dose 5 t ha-1 (6 kg/plot), fertilizer dose 10 t ha-1 (12 kg/plot), fertilizer dose 15 t ha-1 (18 kg/per plot) and fertilizer dose of 20 t ha-1 (24 kg/plot). The variables observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, plant dry weight and root loss ratio (NPA). The 5 t ha-1 treatment was an efficient dose of bokashi fertilizer and significantly increased the nutrient contribution in dry land and supported the growth of maize on dry land.

Pengaruh Pupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Vegetatif Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of giving chicken manure and the right dose in increasing the vegetative growth of maize (Zea mays. L). This research was conducted in March – June 2022 in Sidenreng Rappang Regency using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 4 treatments which were repeated 5 times, each replication consisted of 3 sample plants so there were 60 plant units, while the treatments used were N0 : No treatment / no fertilizer, N1: 50 grams of chicken manure, N2: 100 grams of chicken manure, and N3: 150 grams of chicken manure. From the results of the variance of chicken manure giving no significant effect on the vegetative growth of corn plants. There were vegetative growth results that gave the best response with N2 treatment of 100 grams of chicken manure showing plant height = 73.09 cm, stem diameter = 1.14 cm and number of leaves = 7.3 strands.

Sweet corn plant growth and yield as influenced by plastic film mulch color

ABSTRACT Although plastic mulches are widely used in vegetable production, there is limited information on the production of sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) on plastic mulch. The objective of the work was to determine effects of colored mulches on sweet corn plant growth and ear yield. The study was conducted in Tifton, GA, during the 2011 fall and 2014 spring seasons. Colored plastic mulches evaluated were black, blue, gray (gray-on-black), red, silver (silver-on-black), and white (white-on-black). Root zone temperature (RZT) was measured by determining soil temperature midway between plants at 10 cm soil depth. In the fall and spring seasons, black, blue, gray, and red mulches provided more soil warming than silver and white mulches. In the fall, plants were tallest on plastic mulches that retained the least heat in the soil, i.e., silver and white mulches had the lowest RZTs. In the spring, plants were shortest on silver mulch. In the fall, marketable and total yields and sweet corn ear weight were highest on silver and white mulches and lowest on black, blue, and red mulches. Plant height and marketable yield decreased with increasing RZTs (during the first 42 DAP) above 26°C. In the fall, reduced plant height and yield in black, blue, and red mulches were probably because of supra-optimal RZTs. There were no differences in corn ear yields in the spring among plastic mulch treatments. The impact of colored plastic mulches on plant growth and sweet corn yield varied by season and was associated with RZTs under colored plastic mulches.

Pengaruh Pemberian Kombinasi Takaran Bokashi Pupuk Kandang Kambing dan NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan Dan Hasil Jagung Manis (Zea mays L. Saccharata)

The research was conducted in Kandih Raya, Kampung Olo, Nanggalo District, Padang City, West Sumatra. The experiment was carried out from January to April 2020. The aim of this study was to obtain the best combination dose of bokashi goat manure and NPK 16:16:16 on the growth and yield of sweet corn. The design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with 7 treatments and 3 groups. The treatments were various combinations of dosage of bokashi goat manure and NPK, namely: A = 0 tonnes / ha bokashi goat manure and 300 kg NPK 16:16:16 B = 10 tonnes / ha bokashi goat manure and 250 kg NPK 16:16 : 16 C = 10 tonnes / ha bokashi goat manure and 300 kg NPK 16:16:16 D = 15 tonnes / ha bokashi goat manure and 250 kg NPK 16:16:16 E = 15 tonnes / ha bokashi goat manure and 300 kg NPK 16:16:16 F = 20 tons / ha bokashi goat manure and 250 kg NPK 16:16:16 G = 20 tons / ha bokashi goat manure and 300 kg NPK 16:16:16. The use of the combined dose of bokashi goat manure and NPK gave no significant effect on: stem diameter, harvest age, ear length and diameter and ear weight without husks per plant, showing significant differences on: flowering age, and ear weight with weight per plant. and showed significantly different effects on: plant height, longest leaf length, widest leaf width, number of leaves and ear weight without husks per plot. The combination of dosage combination of bokashi goat manure at 15 ton / ha and 300 kg / ha NPK 16:16:16 was the best treatment for the growth and yield of sweet corn plants.

Phosphate Fertilization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Increase Corn Leaf and Grain Nutrient Contents

The agricultural use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Rhizoglomus intraradices, can increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization for the benefit of the corn plant and grain nutrition. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in an area of Selvíria/MS, Brazil, in the years 2019 and 2020, to verify the effects of reduced doses of phosphorus combined with the inoculation of corn seed with R. intraradices on corn plant growth and grain nutrient contents. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design in subdivided plots with four repetitions and twenty treatments resulting from combining five doses of P2O5 (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dose) with four doses (0, 60, 120, and 180 g ha−1) of an inoculant containing R. intraradices. Leaf and kernel macro- and micronutrient contents were evaluated. The foliar P content in 2020 was a function of the interaction between phosphate fertilization and AMF inoculation, with the highest leaf P content observed at the 100% of P2O5 combined with AMF inoculation between 120 and 140 g ha−1. In the grains Mg content, an interaction was observed between the two factors in 2020 and the response surface, showing that the highest Mg content was obtained when maximum doses of P2O5 and maximum doses of inoculant were combined. A response surface showed that, in 2020, the highest leaf Zn content occurred when 35–55% P2O5 is applied with no inoculation and when P2O5 is limited to 20–30%, and there is inoculation with doses between 90 and 150 g ha−1. Phosphate fertilization increased foliar K (2019) and Mg (2020) contents, with maximum points at doses of 76.57% and 88.80%, respectively.

Influence of environmental-friendly bio-organic ameliorants on abiotic stress to sustainable agriculture in arid regions: A long term greenhouse study in northwestern Egypt

The problem of soil salinity is rapidly increasing, with more than 950 million hectares affected by salinity stress (Arora et al., 2017). The amelioration of saline-sodic soils using chemical ameliorates could increase CO2 emissions and soil degradation. Therefore, amending saline-sodic soil with environmentally friendly bio-organic ameliorants such as brewer's spent grain (SG) and Azospirillum (A. brasilense) bacteria could represent a safe and cheaper approach compared to other organic (compost; CT) and mineral fertilizers. Under greenhouse conditions, maize was grown in saline-sodic soil amended with bio-organic ameliorants. Nine treatments were included; (i) SG1 (23.8 t ha−1); (ii) SG2 (47.6 t ha−1); (iii) TC1 (23.8 t ha−1); (iv) TC2 (47.6 t ha−1); (v) injection of A. brasilense with corn seeds (Az); (vi) combination of A. brasilense and SG (Az + SG1); (vii) combination of A. brasilense and compost (Az + TC1); (viii) mineral fertilizers (NPK) and (ix) the control (CK). The results revealed that soil amended with Az and SG2 significantly decreased the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) and higher cation exchange capacity (CEC). Compared with the control, the exchangeable sodium (Ex-Na+) concentration was decreased by 53.2 and 49.27%, for Az and Az + SG1 treatments, respectively. The fresh- and dry weight observed for Az + SG1, SG2, and Az treatments were increased compared to TC1, TC2, NPK, and CK treatments. The grain and biological yields were higher in Az + SG1 and SG2 than in TC2, NPK ameliorants, and CK. The bio-organic ameliorants alleviated the abiotic stress, enhance the growth and productivity of corn plants, decrease soil ESP and Na+ content, and enhance soil fertility. In conclusion, the application of SG2 can enhance the growth, and productivity of maize grown under salinity-sodicity stress. Therefore, SG2 and Az + SG1 are recommended for direct application in saline-sodic soil.

Pengaruh Biochar SP 50 yang di Modifikasi dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

This study aims to determine the response of growth and production of sweet corn plants to the application of modified SP-50 biochar and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). The design used was Factorial RAK which consisted of 2 treatment factors, namely: (1) Biochar SP-50 (B) consisted of 3 levels, B0 = Without Biochar, B1 = Dose 10 tons/ha, B2 = dose 20 tons/ha. (2) PGPR (P) consists of 4 levels, treatment P0 = No PGPR, P1 = PGPR concentration of 1%, P2 = PGPR concentration of 2%, P3 = PGPR concentration of 3%. The results of this study showed that the application of Biochar SP-50 had a significant effect on stem diameter, number of leaves, weight of cobs with cocob per plot, weight of cobs without cob per plot, and a very significant effect on the number of seed rows. The best treatment is giving SP-50 biochar as much as 20 tons/ha. The provision of PGPR did not significantly affect the growth and production of sweet corn plants but gave a positive effect with the best concentrations of 1% and 3%. The combination of Biochar SP-50 and PGPR had a significant effect on plant height, cob weight with cob per sample and cob weight without cob per sample. The best treatment was giving Biochar SP-50 at a dose of 20 tons/ha and PGPR with a concentration of 3%.

APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN BAKTERI PELARUT FOSFAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG MANIS MANIS (Zea mays saccaharta sturt L.)

The use of organic matters on sweet corn cultivation is focused to decrease the utilization of chemical substances for minimizing environmental degradation. An experiment was conducted at Ujung Berung Indah Residence, Ujung Berung Districts, Bandung City (± 780 m asl.) from April to July 2020. The Aims of this research were to determine the suitable and effective inoculant to increase the growth of sweet corn plants. The sweet corn variety used was Bonanza F1 and the PSB inoculant that used was Bacillus Laterosporus. The organic fertilizers were compost, chicken and cow dung, and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), as a biofertilizer. A randomized block design with three replications was utilized in this experiment. The treatments consisted of without organic fertilizers or PSB (control) (K), inoculation of PSB (P1), application of compost (P2), (4) application of chicken and cow dung (P3), and application of the chemical fertilizer (NPK) (P4). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizers and PSB increased the growth of sweet corn plants after harvesting. The inoculation of PSB resulted in highest plant height compared to control and the highest sweet corn yield compared to the control treatment, and even it was higher than the yield caused by the application of the chemical fertilizer.

Growth and Productivity of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharate Strut) at Various Planting Distances and NPK Fertilizer in Peatlands

Cultivation of cereals on peatlands has specific constraints. The use of fertilizers and planting methods is important in optimizing the growth and productivity of cereal crops, including sweet corn. This study aimed to analyze the need for NPK fertilizer based on the growth and yield of sweet corn plants at various planting spacings on peatlands in Rasau Jaya. The study was conducted on peatlands in Rasau Jaya 2, Kubu Raya District, for about 8 months. This study used a Split Plot Design with a randomized block design (RBD) as the basic statistical design. Spacing was determined as the main plot, which consisted of 3 levels: j1 (planting distance 75×25 cm), j2 (planting distance 75×40 cm) and j3 (planting distance 80×20 cm), with NPK fertilizer as subplots consisting of 3 levels: p1 (300 kg NPK/ha), p2 (400 kg NPK/ha), and p3 (500 kg NPK/ha). It was repeated 3 times for each combination. There were 5 plant samples as the unit of observation per plot. The study showed that plant spacing had a significant effect (α = 0.05) on the weight of the cobs without husks, the weight of the cobs with husks, the greenness of the leaves, the diameter of the cobs, length of the cobs, and weight of the cobs per plot. NPK fertilizer significantly affected root volume, leaf area, plant dry weight, and leaf greenness at =0.05; meanwhile, an interaction was found on the use of NPK fertilizer and plant spacing on the cob diameter. According to the results, sweet corn's best spacing for growth and productivity was 75×25 cm and 80×20 cm. The best dose of NPK fertilizer was 500 kg/ha or 125% of the recommended dose. Planting spacing of 75×40 cm + NPK fertilizer 400 kg or 100% of the recommended dose and spacing of 75×25 cm + NPK fertilizer 500 kg or 125% of the recommended dose were the best treatment on the diameter of the cob

POTENTIAL OF PHOSPHATE SOLUBILIZING BACTERIA FROM MANGROVE RHIZOSFER EFFECT PLANT GROWTH CORN (Zea mays)

Mangroves are an ecosystem that is inhabited by various kinds of organisms and microorganisms, one of which is phosphate solubilizing bacteria that can be isolated from the mangrove rhizosphere. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) aimed to obtain isolates of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) and test the potential for the growth of corn plants. There were 9 isolates of gram positive BPF and 1 gram negative BPF, all isolates were rod-shaped. The results of morphological and biochemical tests showed that 9 bacterial isolates are a group of the genus Bacillus with the code LSP 1, LSP 2, LSP 3, LSP 4, LSP 5, LSP 7, LSP 8, LSP 9, LSP 10 and the genus Pseudomonas with the code LSP 6 . Testing the value of the phosphate solubility index (IKF) found bacteria with the highest IKF values ​​of 33 mm and 23.25 with isolate codes LSP 1 and LSP 6. Medium IKF values ​​are 17.8 mm and 11.6 mm with isolate codes LSP 3 and LSP 5. The lowest IKF values ​​were 7.33 mm, 6.4 mm, 5 mm, 4.7 mm, 4.2 mm and 2.8 mm with isolate codes LSP 2, LSP 10, LSP 7, LSP 8, LSP 9, and LSP 4. Bacterial isolates with the highest IKF values ​​were inoculated on soil media for corn crop growth. LSP 1 bacteria was able to significantly affect the growth of corn plant height by 27.7 cm.
 Keywords: Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria (BPF), Mangroves, Corn Plants

Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata) terhadap pupuk oganik cair orrin

Orrin liquid organic fertilizer (POC) is one of the organic fertilizers that contain essential nutrients, both macro and micro, and Si elements which are readily available for plants. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and frequency of Orrin liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn plants. The experiment was conducted on the land of a farmer in Tembeng Putik Village, Wanasaba District, East Lombok Regency. The method used is a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with a factorial pattern consisting of 2 factors: the first factor was concentration (k) Orrin Liquid Organic Fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely (0, 5,10, and 15) ml L-1, and the second factor was frequency (f) consisting of 2 levels, namely f1 = age of 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), f2 = age of 2, 4 and 6(WAP). combinations were from these two factors were obtained 8 treatment combinations and each treatment was repeated 3 times. Data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance at a 5% significance level, and for significantly different treatments tested further with the Honestly Significant Difference test at the same level. The results showed that there was no interaction difference between the concentration and frequency of Orrin liquid organic fertilizer on all variables tested. Orrin liquid organic fertilizer concentration did not affect all the variables tested except for the shoot fresh weight. While the frequency of Orrin liquid organic fertilizer does not affect all the variables tested. Further research is needed on the effectiveness and efficiency of using POC Orrin for the corn which can be used as an alternative to environmentally friendly fertilizers

Climate change will increase aflatoxin presence in US Corn

The impacts of climate change on agricultural production are a global concern and have already begun to occur (Kawasaki 2018 Am. J. Agric. Econ. 101 172–92; Ortiz-Bobea et al 2021 Nat. Clim. Change 11 306–12), with major drivers including warmer temperatures and the occurrence of extreme weather events (Lobell and Field 2007 Environ. Res. Lett. 2 014002; Challinor et al 2014 Nat. Clim. Change 4 287; Rosenzweig et al 2001 Glob. Change Hum. Health 2 90–104; Schlenker and Roberts 2009 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106 15594–8; Lobell et al 2014 Science 344 516–9; Ortiz-Bobea et al 2019 Environ. Res. Lett. 14 064003). An important dimension of the climate change-crop yield relationship that has often been overlooked in the empirical literature is the influence that warming temperatures can have on plant damage arriving through biotic channels, such as pest infestation or fungal infection (Rosenzweig et al 2001 Glob. Change Hum. Health 2 90–104). Aflatoxins are carcinogenic chemicals produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, which commonly infect food crops. Currently, in the United States, aflatoxin is a perennial contaminant in corn grown in the South, but rare in the Corn Belt and northern states. Climate change may expand aflatoxin’s geographical prevalence, however; because hot, dry summers promote aflatoxin accumulation. Here we model aflatoxin risk as a function of corn plant growth stages and weather to predict US regions with high aflatoxin risk in 2031–2040, based on 16 climate change models. Our results suggest that over 89.5% of corn-growing counties in 15 states, including the Corn Belt, will experience increased aflatoxin contamination in 2031–2040 compared to 2011–2020. Interestingly, the results are spatially heterogeneous and include several southern counties expected to have lower aflatoxin risk, because the causative fungi become inactivated at very high temperatures.

Growth and Yield of Purple Kculli Corn Plants under Different Fertilization Schemes.

Globally, corn is the most economically important crop, surpassing other cereals of economic importance. However, the tillage methods, monoculture and the abuse of synthetic agrochemicals used in Mexico have led to the loss of fertility and soil yield. In this sense, the application of alternative fertilization methods based on chemical fertilizer, organic matter and biofertilizer, applied alone or in combination, can stimulate the defense systems of corn plants and increase their yield. Therefore, in this research, some fertilization schemes were tested on purple corn plants of the Kculli race through the evaluation of some growth and yield variables, as well as the subsequent evaluation of the chemical characteristics of the corn grain produced in each fertilization scheme. The results indicate highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between treatments, for the different growth and yield variables studied. Of all the fertilization schemes evaluated, treatment T7 obtained the best grain yield of 6.19 ± 0.07 t ha−1, with respect to treatment T1 of 1.02 ± 0.01 t ha−1, as well as the highest protein content and starch quality. Being clear the positive effect of the adequate contribution of the macro and micronutrients used exerts on the corn crop in each of the fertilization schemes studied. On the other hand, the analysis carried out on the grains was found within the values reported by other authors.

Biochar Implications Under Limited Irrigation for Sweet Corn Production in a Semi-Arid Environment.

The integration of biochar and deficit irrigation is increasingly being evaluated as a water-saving strategy to minimize crop yield losses under reduced irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions such as West Texas. A 2-year (2019 and 2020) open-field study evaluated the effect of two types of biochar amendments (hardwood and softwood) and three irrigation rates [100, 70, and 40% crop evapotranspiration (ETc) replacement] on the physiology, plant growth, and yield of sweet corn in semi-arid West Texas. All experimental units were replicated four times in a split-plot design. The chlorophyll content (ChlSPAD) in 40% ETc dropped significantly compared to 100% ETc and 70% ETc during the reproductive phase. Although water stress under 40% ETc decreased photosynthesis (Pn) to limit transpiration (E) by stomatal closure, it improved intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE). The above-mentioned gas exchange parameters were comparable between 100% ETc and 70% ETc. Both biochar treatments increased ChlSPAD content over non-amended plots, however, their effect on gas exchange parameters was non-significant. All growth and yield-related parameters were comparable between 100% ETc and 70% ETc, but significantly greater than 40% ETc, except water productivity (WP). Both deficit irrigation treatments improved WP over full irrigation in 2019, but in 2020, the WP gains were observed only under 70% ETc. Hardwood biochar decreased soil bulk density and increased soil porosity, but it had a marginal effect on the water retention characteristics. These results suggest that 70% ETc can be used as an alternative to full irrigation to save water with a minimal yield penalty for sweet corn production in the West Texas region. The hardwood biochar application improved the vegetative biomass significantly but yield marginally during the first 2 years of application. A long-term study is required to test the effect of biochar under deficit irrigation beyond 2 years.

INTENSITAS SERANGAN Spodoptera frugiperda PADA BEBERAPA FASE PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN JAGUNG

This study was conducted to determine the attack intensity of S. frugiperda at several stages of corn plant growth. The research was carried out at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University. The research was doneat a 5002 m area of corn plantation which consists of 28 plots with a size of 3 x 2 m for each plot. The variables observed were the intensity of attack of S. frugiperda larvae on the leaves and the percentage of cobs attacked. Observation of attack intensity of S. frugiperda was carried out at all growth phases (phases V3 - V5 to R6 phase), namely by directly observing the symptoms of attack caused by the 3 youngest leaves that were fully opened on each sample plant. Observations of attacked cobs were carried out on all plants in each sample plot starting from the VT - R1 phase to the R6 phase. The results showed that the intensity of the attack of S. frugiperda larvae that attacked the leaves at several stages of corn plant growth fluctuated. The highest attack intensity occurred in the R6 phase, which was 22.92%. Meanwhile, the attack on the cob was first found in the R2 - R5 phase, which was 10% and then experienced a significant increase to 68.57% in the R6 phase.Keywords: attack intensity, maize, S. frugiperda

Leaf nutrient content and corn growth with application of liquid organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer

Plants have an important role in mitigating climate change because plants are able to absorb carbon dioxide which is one of the greenhouse gases. Good plant growth and high yields are a reflection of its ability to absorb carbon dioxide gas, so various efforts aimed at this, such as fertilization can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas levels in the atmosphere. This research aims to determine the use of liquid organic fertilizers and inorganic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and growth of corn plants. This research was conducted in the Jumantono experimental field, Karanganyar. The research used the Randomized Block Design method, 9 treatments (A = Control, B = NPK standard, C = ¼ NPK + 1 POC, D = ½ NPK + 1 POC, E = ¾ NPK +1 POC, F = 1 NPK + 1 POC, G = ¾ NPK + ¼ POC, H = ¾ NPK + ½ POC, I = ¾ NPK + ¾ POC) with 3 replications, so we get 27 samples. The results showed that the application of liquid organic fertilizer doses of 1/4, 1/2, 3/4 and 1 combined with inorganic fertilizers gave no different results on nutrient uptake and increased plant growth, especially in the number of leaves and stem diameter, but differed in plant height. The application of 1 dose of liquid organic fertilizer and 3/4 dose of inorganic fertilizer gives higher yields compared to standard inorganic fertilizers.

Effect of combination of inorganic fertilizer and biochar-coastal sediment on nutrient availability and growth of corn plants in alluvial soil

Fertilizer is one of the inputs in plant cultivation that requires high costs. However, unfavourable soil conditions so that most of the nutrients contained in fertilizers cannot be absorbed by plant roots. The purpose of this study was to increase the availability of nutrients and plant growth by applying a mixture of biochar – coastal sediment with inorganic fertilizers on alluvial soil. The study was a single factor experiment arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. Treatment consisted of A: without giving fertilizer, treatment B: giving inorganic fertilizer 100% of the recommended dosage, treatment C: inorganic fertilizer mixed with biochar and coastal sediment 75% + 25% fertilizer recommended dosage, treatment D: inorganic fertilizer mixed with biochar and coastal sediment 50% + 50% fertilizer recommended dosage and treatment, E: inorganic fertilizer mixed with biochar and coastal sediment 25% + 75% fertilizer recommended dosage and treatment F: inorganic fertilizer mixed with biochar and coastal sediment 100% recommended dosage. The application of inorganic fertilizer mixed with biochar and coastal sediment 100% recommended dosage was able to increase the availability of nutrients P, K, Mg and growth of corn plants in Alluvial.

Growth and physiology of maize plants subjected to water deficit and to different brassinosteroid and azospirillum concentrations

Work that demonstrates the use of brassinosteroid and azospirillum bacteria to attenuate the harmful effect of lack of water in corn is incipient. Therefore, the search for an answer that helps to understand the attenuating effect of the use of brassinosteroid and azospirillum bacteria on the physiological characteristics and growth of corn is relevant, since the water demand of the crop is high and the search for alternatives is necessary viable ways to reduce the harmful effects of water deficit. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of brassinosteroid and Azospirillum brasilence on the growth and physiology of corn plants submitted to water stress conditions. The experiment was carried out in a vegetable house with a hybrid K9606 VIP3 corn. The experiment was carried out in a vegetable house, using corn plants, the hybrid K9606 VIP3. The experimental design used was completely randomized, in a 2x2x3 factorial scheme, with six replications, totaling 72 experimental units. The first factor corresponds to two water regimes (presence and absence of water deficit). The second factor corresponds to inoculation via seed (at the time of sowing) of Azospirillum brasilense and absence of inoculation. And the third factor corresponds to the application of three concentrations of brassinosteroids (0, 0.3 and 0.6 μM Br). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, root dry weight, leaf and stem, relative water content, chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, sucrose, starch and total soluble carbohydrates in the leaves and roots were determined. Chlorophyll a levels were highest in water-deficient, inoculated plants with 0.3 μM brassinosteroids. In water-deficient, inoculated plants, the carbohydrate levels were higher in plants with 0.3 and 0.6 μM brassinosteroids. Among plants that were water-deficient and inoculated, plants treated with 0.6 μM brassinosteroids had the highest relative water content. Thus, it is recommended the inoculation of seeds and application of 0.6 μM of brassinosteroids together with Azospirillum brasilense in water-deficient maize plants.

Utilization of Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Pineapple Waste to Improving Growth of Sweet Corn Plant in Red Yellow Podsolic Soil

<em>This study aims to determine the effect of pineapple waste liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn in Red Yellow Podsolic soil and to obtain a dose of pineapple waste liquid organic fertilizer that can produce the highest growth and yield of sweet corn in Red Yellow Podsolic soil. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD), with 5 treatments repeated 5 times and 3 plant samples. The treatment given was in the form of a dose of liquid organic fertilizer with a dose of: P0 = 0 ml/l water, P1 = 25 ml/l water, P2 = 50 ml/l water, P3 = 75 ml/l water, P4 = 100 ml/l water. The parameters observed in this study were plant height, leaf area, root volume, soil pH, C-Organic content, N, C/N ratio and soil bulk weight. The data obtained were analyzed by fingerprint analysis of variance at the 5% level and then further tested with 5% HSD. Based on the results of the study, the dosage level of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple waste had a significant effect on the variables of root volume and soil pH. However, it had no significant effect on the variables of plant height, leaf area, organic %C content, %N soil content, C/N ratio, and bulk density of Ultisol soil. The treatment level of liquid organic fertilizer from pineapple plant waste 50 ml/l gave the best results on the variable soil pH, and the dose of liquid organic fertilizer of pineapple plant waste 75 ml/l was the treatment that gave the best results on the variable root volume.</em>