Growth Of Chili Research Articles

Desain sensor suhu dan kelengasan tanah untuk sistem kendali budidaya tanaman cabai (Capsicum Annuum L.)

Di daerah tropis, pertumbuhan tanaman cabai dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor iklim seperti suhu, nutrisi, dan cahaya. Suhu, unsur hara, dan kelengasan tanah yang tidak sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, mampu menyebabkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan tanaman. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh terganggunya produksi enzim dan pembentukan hormon untuk membantu pembentukan jaringan tanaman. Terganggunya pertumbuhan tanaman cabai, ditunjukkan melalui rendahnya pertumbuhan luas permukaan daun dan tinggi tanaman, saat dibandingkan tanaman yang berada pada suhu ideal. Untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil yang maksimal, dibutuhkan sistem kontrol yang mampu mengendalikan suhu, kelengasan tanah, dan hama saat tanaman cabai dibudidayakan. Tujuan jangka panjang penelitian ini adalah merancang suatu sistem pengendalian yang mampu mengendalikan iklim mikro, pemupukan dan pengendalian hama untuk pertumbuhan tanaman cabai. Untuk itu, langkah pertama yang dilakukan adalah perancangan sensor suhu lingkungan dan sensor kelengasan tanah. Mikrokontroler menghubungkan sensor dengan aktuator pompa air dan pompa irigasi melalui modul relay dan transistor TIP122. Keakuratan sensor suhu DHT 22 dan sensor kelengasan tanah dihitung berdasarkan pendekatan nilai koefisien determinasi dan total error masing-masing sensor. Kinerja aktuator dalam perancangan ini, meliputi kecepatan respon dan durasi waktu kerja. Uji kinerja dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali percobaan tanpa menggunakan tanaman cabai. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sensor suhu 1, sensor suhu 2 dan sensor suhu 3 berturut-turut adalah 0,999, 0,999, dan 0,999. Total error dari ketiga sensor tersebut berturut-turut adalah -0,071 ºC, -0,085 ºC, dan 0,014 ºC. Koefisien determinasi (R²) sensor kelengasan 1, sensor kelengasan 2, dan sensor kelengasan 3 adalah 0,888, 0,8401, dan 0,8963. Total rerata error untuk ketiga jenis sensor kelengasan ini adalah -0,2204 % , -0,0952 % dan -2,8049 %.

Planting geometry and growth stage linked fertigation patterns: Impact on yield, nutrient uptake and water productivity of Chilli pepper in hot and sub-humid climate

Optimal plant spacing and fertigation are the two management factors that influence yield, nutrient use efficiency and water productivity (WP) of any crop. In this context, a two year field experiment was conducted to standardize the planting geometry and fertigation practices for drip irrigated chilli in the hot-sub humid region of India. The study evaluated the effects of four planting geometries (sub-plots) with spacing of 75 × 50 (S1), 70 × 40 (S2), 50 × 40 (S3) and 30 × 40 (S4) cm in combination with three fertigation patterns having varying fertigation dose with increasing weeks after transplant (WAT) (main-plots), viz. uniform dose (FP1), higher dose during early reproductive stage (8th–13th WAT) (FP2) and higher dose during late reproductive stage (12th–18th WAT) (FP3) on chilli growth, yield and WP. Fertigation patterns and planting arrangements significantly influenced the number of fruits per plant, nitrogen recovery and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The fertigation pattern FP2 in combination with denser planting geometries (S3 and S4) had highest N recovery of 69.2 and 68.6%; NUE of 132.6 and 141.3 kg kg−1 N, respectively. The highest N, P and K uptake by chilli pepper was 105.9, 15.3 and 124 kg ha−1 in the denser plant populations (S4) with the treatment combinations of FP2-S4, FP3-S4 and FP3-S4, respectively. The chilli yield per plant decreased, while chilli yield per unit area increased gradually with increase in plant population. Highest chilli yield (14.5 t ha−1) and WP (31.1 kg ha−1 mm−1) was obtained when higher fertilizer dose was applied during early reproductive stage under S4 geometry (FP2-S4). Planting at 40 × 30 cm in triangular geometry (S4) with application of higher fertigation dose (FP2) during early reproductive stage is recommended for drip fertigation of chilli pepper in hot and sub-humid climate.

Effect of Calcium and Boron on Growth, Fruit Setting and Yield of Hot Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

Two successive seasons of 2017 and 2018 were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt to study the response of hot pepper plant (Capsicum annuum L.) cv. Hot Chili growth, fruit setting, yield and some biochemical constituents linked with the yield and quality characteristics to foliar spraying with calcium chloride at 0, 1000 and 2000 ppm, boric acid at 0, 200 and 400 ppm and their combinations. Results indicated that all foliar applications of calcium chloride and boric acid treatments individual or in combination markedly increased the vegetative growth characteristics, fruit setting percentage and fruits yield of hot pepper plants. Foliar spraying with 2000 ppm of calcium chloride plus 200 or 400 ppm of boric acid treatments obviously gave the higher values of plant height, number of branches per plant, shoot fresh and dry weights, fruit setting, fruits yield/ plant and fruits yield/ feddan as well as total carotenoids, vitamin C and N, P and K concentrations compared to the check treatment in both tested seasons.

Analisis Location Quotient (LQ) Komoditas Cabai di Kabupaten Kediri

Chili is vegetables that have an important role in agriculture in Indonesia. Generally, the amount of chili production is determined by the harvested area and productivity of the land. Chili is one of the main horticulture products in Indonesia. Kediri District is potential as a center of chili’s production. According to Ibrahim, 2012 there are four major sub-district in the production of chili commodities, such as Kepung District, Puncu District, Papar District, and Pagu District. The determination of a commodity to be a superior commodity in Kediri District based on the consideration that not all vegetable commodities are suitable to be developed in all places. The purpose of this research is 1) Knowing the growth of chili’s production, 2) Analyze the Location Quotient of chili in Kediri District, 3) Analyze the Location Quotient of cayenne in Kediri District. This research is using secondary data. This research data was analyzed by Location Quotient (LQ). This research shows that the growth of harvested area has fluctuated every year. Chili’s production has fluctuated during 2014-2016. Cayenne’s production has fluctuated during 2014-2016. Mojo sub-district is basis area of harvested area and chili’s production for last three years. Pagu District sub-district is basis area of harvested area and cayenne’s production for last three years.

Respon Populasi Kutu Daun Persik Terhadap Pemberian Beberapa Jenis Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk pada Cabai

Myzus persicae is the main pest in chili which causes decreasing production and qualities of chili. The was aimed to know the effect of Pomelo and Orange’s peel extract to controlling green peach aphids population. The research was conducted in screen house located in Colomadu, Karanganyar regency from October 2017- January 2018. This research used Randomized Complete Design with 2 factors i.e variety of orange’s peel extract and levels of concentration. The various Citrus’s peel extract consisted of Pomelo’s peel extract and Orange’s peel extract. Levels of concentration from each extracts i.e 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%, and 16%. Each treatment replicated 5 times. The result showed that Citrus peel extracts had effect on the green peach aphid population and had no effect on the growth of chili. The LC50 value of Pomelo and Orange’s peel extracts were 4,77% and 5,56%. Pomelo and orange peel extract treatment on differrent concentration was not give effect on the percentage of the attack intensity.

PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ALTERNATIVE (DIAPERS) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN CABAI

Red chili is a major vegetable both in Indonesia and abroad due to its benefits to the needs of nutrition and health through cooking spices. Utilization of home garden yard is an effective way to cultivate pepper plants. On the other hand, every household produces household waste which is difficult to decompose for instance diapers, so that it can cause environmental pollution in long-term. This study was conducted to investigate the role of planting media such as diapers of on chili growth. The results showed that the use of diapers of diapers as planting media gave no significant different to plant height at 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application. It also did not increase the number of leaves at the age of 1, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application. There were no changes in leaf length at ages 1, 4, 7, 10 and 16 week after application. It also happened to also its leaf width at ages 1, 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 week after application and number of branches at ages 1, 4, 7, 13 and 16 week after aplication. However, it showed a significant different to the number of leaves at age 4 week after planting and its leaf length at age 13 week after planting. The interaction of using diapers as planting media gave significantly different response to root number, root length, wet root weight and plant canopy, and dry weight roots and plant canopy.

Effect of biofumigation by Calligonum polygonoides, dry olive leaves, and ash of olive leaves on chilli pepper growth and recovery of Rhizoctonia solani

Rhizoctonia solani J.G. Kühn is a serious soilborne pathogen in chilli fields worldwide. This study examined the effect of biofumigation using arta (Calligonum polygonoides L.) and olive (Olea europaea L.) plant material on chilli growth and recovery of R. solani from chilli plants. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in potted soil amended with no plant material (control) or with plant material from Calligonum and Olea (olive leaves, or ash of olive leaves). Chilli was planted in the amended soils and inoculated with R. solani. Plant height, number of fruits , and frequency of recovery of R. solani from chilli were recorded. Soil amendment with Calligonum plant material resulted in the lowest frequency of recovery of R. solani. Moreover, Calligonum treatment increased dry mass and height of chilli plants compared to other treatments. Also, treatment with olive plant parts inhibited R. solani growth and enhanced growth of chilli compared to the control treatment. Thus, C. polygonoides and O. europaea are potental biofumigant plants to control R. solani.

Pengaruh Kompos Asal Ageratum conyzoides L, Tithonia diversifolia Hensley A. Gray dan Ampas Sagu pada Tanaman Cabai Merah

<em>Weed</em><em> A. conyzoides L, T. diversifolia Hemsley� A. Gray and waste sagoo can be used as compost. Beside being a source of nutrients for plants, compost can also increase the resistance of plants to disease. The aimed of this study was to determine the growth and yield of chili after given compost from A. conyzoides� L, T. diversifolia Hemsley A. Gray and waste sagoo and resistance to disease of Phytophthora capsici L. The results showed that the application of compost formula C (Manure + waste sagoo) has the potential to increase the growth of chili plants, and the compost formula� D (Manure + A. conyzoides var hirtum Lam + waste sago) although� showed high levels of disease incidence but was able to increase the yield of chilli until 3.96% compared to controls.</em>

The effect of dosages of microbial consortia formulation and synthetic fertilizer on the growth and yield of field-grown chili

Chili (Capsicum annuum, L) is one of important horticultural crop in Indonesia. Formulation of microbial consortia containing Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas sp., Azotobacter chroococcum and Trichoderma harzianum has been developed. This study evaluated the effects of dosage of the microbial formulation combined with NPK fertilizer on growth and yield of chili plants in the field experiment. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design of factorial, in which the first factor was dosage of formulation (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 g per plant) and the second factor was NPK fertilizer dosage (0, 25, 50 and 75% of the standard dosage). The treatments were replicated three times. For application, the formulation was mixed with chicken manure 1:10 (w/v). The results showed that application of microbial formulation solely improved the chili growth. There was interaction between dosages of the microbial formulation and NPK fertilizer in improving plant height, nitrogen availability and the chili yield, while there was no interaction between those dosages in improving the root length. Combination between microbial formulation at the dosage of 5.0-7.5 g per plant combined with NPK fertilizer with the dosage 50 or 75% of the standard dosage support relatively better growth and the chili yield.

Effect of medicinal plants extracts on the incidence of mosaic disease caused by cucumber mosaic virus and growth of chili

This research was conducted to study the effect of the application of several extracts of medicinal plants on the incidence of mosaic disease caused by Cucumber Mosaic Virus infection on the chili (Capsicum annuum L.) plantation. A Randomized Block Design with eight treatments including control was used throughout the experiment. Treatments consisted of Azadiracta indica (A), Piper bitle (B), Cymbopogon citrates (C), Curcuma domestica (D), Averroa bilimbi (E), Datura stramonium (F), Annona Muricata (G) and control (H). Each treatment consist of three replications. The parameters observed were the incidence of mosaic attack due to CMV, disease severity, plant height, wet and dry weight and production (number of fruits and the weight of total fruits) each plant. Results showed that the application of medicinal plant extracts reduced the disease severity due to CMV. Extracts of Annona muricata and Datura stramonium were most effective in suppressing disease severity caused by the virus as they significantly different from control and from a number of treatment. The plants medicinal extracts were found to have increased the plant height and total weight of the plant, fruit amount and fruit weight. Extracts of Curcuma domestica, Piper bitle and Cymbopogon citrates were the third highest in fruit amount and weight and significantly different from the control.

The Abilities of Endophytic and Biofertilizing Bacteria and Their Combinations to Suppress Bacterial Wilt Disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) of Chili

Bacterial wilt disease (Ralstonia solanacearum) is one of the most important diseases in Solanaceae, including chili. Biological control is one of environmentally-friendly method for controlling plant diseases. Microbes that are potential as biological control agents include bacterial endophytes and bacteria that are usually used as biofertilizer. This paper discusses the result of the study that examined the abilities of endophytic and biofertilizing bacteria solely or in combination to suppress bacterial wilt disease (R. solanacearum). The endophytic bacteria isolates tested were Lysinibacillus sp. and Bacillus subtilis, while biofertilizing bacteria used were N-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter chrococcum) and P-solubilizing bacteria (Pseudomonas cepacea). The results showed that the endophytic bacteria, biofertilizing bacteria and their combination inhibited wilt disease incidence in chili by 46.7-80 %. The highest disease suppression (80 %) showed by the endophytic bacteria, B. subtilis. This endophyte was also able to promote a significant chili growth. Keywords: Ralstonia solanacearum, Endophytic bacteria, Biofertilizer, Biological control, Chili.

Effect of different inoculum levels of Rhizoctonia solani kuhn. on disease development and growth of chilli (C. annuum) cv. G-4

Effect of different inoculum levels of Rhizoctonia solani kuhn. on disease development and growth of chilli (C. annuum) cv. G-4

Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth of chilli (Capsicum annumL.) cv. PUSA JWALA

Effect of different plant growth regulators on growth of chilli (Capsicum annumL.) cv. PUSA JWALA

Interactive Effect of Phosphorus and Potassium on Growth, Yield, Quality and Seed Production of Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) play an important role in growth of chili. An adequate amount of P and K exerts significant effect on the growth, yield, quality and seed production of this crop. To evaluate suitable dose of P and K for different growth, yield, quality and seed production parameters of the exotic land race of chili which was brought from Spain (paradon), and aim to improve it through selection under environmental conditions of Rawalakot. An experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with eight different treatments. Maximum plant height (53 cm), number of branches per plant (41.20), number ofleaves per plant (340.8), number of flowers per plant (90.83), number of fruits per plant (30.17), fruit length (9 cm), fruit girth (13.03), weight of fruit per plant (465.5 g), weight of 1000 seeds (6.93 g), acidity (169.67 mg g-1) and Phosphorus percentage (0.3153) was observed in T3 when applied 100 kg ha-1 of P and 120 kg ha-1 of K. Best results regarding most of the growth, yield and quality parameters of chili crop was observed in T3 therefore, combined application of 100 kg ha-1 of P and120 kg ha-1 of K could be recommended to farmers for best growth and yield of this crop under agro climatic conditions of Rawalakot.

PENGARUH LAMA PENGGUNAAN MULSA DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN CABAI (Capsilum Annum) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENYUSUN PETUNJUK PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI KELAS XII SMA NEGERI 1 BARAT

<p>Learning biology is one area of Natural Sciences (IPA) which is integral with practical activities. The lab activities are very important in understanding science concepts. One material that requires practical learning activities more meaningful so that the material of plant growth and development of class XII Science. It would require new innovation in the development lab manual. This study aims to make research the effect of duration of use and dose of manure mulch<br />on plant growth chili as the building blocks lab manual.This research was conducted using a "Research and Development" (Research and Development). At this stage of research using Grid Design Divided (RPT) which uses two treatments, use of mulch and manure dose use with penggulangan 3 times, while in the Development stage using the results of research into practical instructions were validated by various experts. Based on the results of research and development,<br />we can conclude several things: study the effect of long use of mulch and a dose of manure on the growth of chili can be used as the building blocks of manual lab work with Highlights Growth and Development Plant class XII Science developed in this study expressed very valid, based validation results from two experts namely materials experts and media specialists, with a 88% value validation.</p>

Selection and Bioassay of Azotobacter sp. Isolates to Improve Growth of Chili (Capsicum annum L.) on Entisols in Ambon

Leafy vegetables contributes to the inflation rate in Ambon City due to low productivity in rainy season. Some vegetables are imported from other islands while importantvegetables such as local petsai (Brassica chinensis L.) and chili (Capsicum annum L.) are cultivated in low nitrogen soil, Entisols. Lack of nitrogen could be overcome by using inorganic fertilizeras well as biofertilzer. The soil can be inoculated with rhizobacteria, such as Azotobacter, to increase the nitrogen uptake and improve the quality of vegetables. This research was conducted to isolate and select Azotobacter from rhizosphere of vegetables and to examine the effect of Azotobacter inoculation on chili-seedling growth and nitrogen uptake by using bioassay method. Azotobacter sp. was isolated in nitrogen-free Ashby’s Media. The bioassay was held in the green house with randomized block design experiment, which examined the combination of isolates and population of Azotobacter sp. on chili. Two best isolates which was selected based on pH, nitrogen content and cell viability were s2a10 (from petsai's rhizosphere) and c2a9 (from chili’s rhizosphere). Bioassay showed that Azotobacter inoculation followed by reduced NPK fertilizer doses had no effect on transplant dry weight and nitrogen uptake. All Azotobacter 8 -1inoculation except 10 CFU mL s2a10 maintain soil nitrogen although Azotobacter population in soil was slightly reduced. This showed that Azotobacter sp. potentially reduce the use of inorganic biofertilizer.

Screening of rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of healthy chili to control bacterial wilt disease and to promote growth and yield of chili

Abstract. Yanti Y, Astuti FF, Habazar T, Nasution CR. 2017. Screening of rhizobacteria from rhizosphere of healthy chili to control bacterial wilt disease and to promote growth and yield of chili. Biodiversitas 18: 1-9. Bacterial wilt on chili cause by Ralstonia solanacearum. This disease is important, causing plant death and significant yield losses. Biological control is desirable because control with other methods gives variable results. One of the important group of biological agent is the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This group can control plant pathogens and enhance the growth and yield through direct and indirect mechanisms. The aim of this research was to obtain indigenous rhizobacterial isolates from rhizosphere of healthy chili, which are effective to control bacterial wilt disease and to promote plant growth as well as to increase plant yields. The rhizobacterial isolates were collected from healthy chili rhizosphere in endemic area of bacterial wilt at Banuhampu Sub-district, Agam District, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Screening method of rhizobacterial isolates to control bacterial wilt was based on in planta technique. This technique was consist of three steps, as follow: (i) Screening of 43 rhizobacterial isolates to induce the hypersensitive reaction on Mirabilis jalapa. (ii) Screening of 42 rhizobacterial isolates (from first step) to increase growth of chili seedlings and (iii) Screening of 20 selected rhizobacterial isolates (from second step) to control bacterial wilt on chili. R. solanacearum were inoculated on the 6 weeks chili plants using Two strains of rhizobacterial isolates from chili rhizosphere (RZ.2.1.AG1 and RZ.1.3.AP1) showed high potential for disease suppression and also increased growth and yield of chili.Keywords: chili, indigenous rhizobacteria, in planta technique, Ralstonia solanacearum, screeningAbbreviations: BCA = Biocontrol agent, HR = Hypersensitive reaction, IAA = Indole Acetic Acid, IRB = Indigenous Rhizobacteria, ISR = Induce systemic resistance, NA = Nutrient agar, PGPR = Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, R = Ralstonia, TZC = triphenyl tetrazolium chloride

Detection of biosynthetic gene and phytohormone production by endophytic actinobacteria associated with Solanum lycopersicum and their plant-growth-promoting effect

In the present study, fifteen endophytic actinobacterial isolates recovered from Solanum lycopersicum were studied for their antagonistic potential and plant-growth-promoting (PGP) traits. Among them, eight isolates showed significant antagonistic and PGP traits, identified by amplification of the 16S rRNA gene. Isolate number DBT204, identified as Streptomyces sp., showed multiple PGP traits tested in planta and improved a range of growth parameters in seedlings of chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and tomato (S. lycopersicum L.). Further, genes of indole acetic acid (iaaM) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (acdS) were successively amplified from five strains. Six antibiotics (trimethoprim, fluconazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, rifampicin and streptomycin) and two phytohormones [indole acetic acid (IAA) and kinetin (KI)] were detected and quantified in Streptomyces sp. strain DBT204 using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The study indicates the potential of these PGP strains for production of phytohormones and shows the presence of biosynthetic genes responsible for production of secondary metabolites. It is the first report showing production of phytohormones (IAA and KI) by endophytic actinobacteria having PGP and biosynthetic potential. We propose Streptomyces sp. strain DBT204 for inoculums production and development of biofertilizers for enhancing growth of chili and tomato seedlings.

Improvisation of Pressmud by Organic Amendment and Its Effect on Soil Quality and Growth of Chilli, Capsicum annum

Pressmud is a byproduct of sugar industry. Currently it is used both as a soil reclamation agent and soil conditioner. Repeated use of pressmud makes soil highly alkaline and decreases the soil quality, which is adversely affecting the growth of agricultural crops. Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate changes in physico-chemical and phyto-chemical parameters of soil and chilli plant, Capsicum annum after treating with the pressmud, which is enriched with feather degraded product (FDP) and humus. The results showed that the plant amended with a dose of 5 % of pressmud and 5 % FDP supplied as a foliar spray in the soil at an interval of 5 days had promising growth and growth-related parameters, such as proteins, carbohydrates, amino acids and chlorophyll contents. Fertility of the soil was also increased. Therefore the application of this organic amendment could promote and improve the agro-ecosystem, and also represent an effective strategy for a sustainable solution to the problem of feather disposal.

Penggunaan Berbagai Dekomposer pada sampah Pasar untuk Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum)

Utilization of organic waste for fertilizer can be enhanced by decomposer substances such as biotic or abiotic decomposers. A field experiment had been conducted to determine the impact of various kinds of decomposers applied to organic waste on chilli growth and production. The decomposer used including Trichoderma sp , stardec, EM-4 and M-Bio and assigned in the field by randomized block design. The result indicated that among decomposers used, EM-4 greatly enhanced decomposition as it promoted better plant growth and greater yield of the chilli. Key words: decomposer, organic waste, Capsicum annuum