Growth Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

Carbon emissions and the trilemma of trade policy, migration policy and health care in the US

Although the United States has consistently experienced a recent declining growth in carbon dioxide emissions, the country is currently the largest emitter of CO2 after China and suffers a biocapacity reserve deficit. Against the backdrop of further identifying the determinants of carbon emissions in the United States, this study employed the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to observing the tripartite impact of trade policy, migration index, and health care on carbon emission over the period 1990: Q1–2018: Q2. By incorporating renewable energy consumption and the real gross domestic product (GDP) to control for unobserved factors, the study found that migration and carbon emissions are positively related in the long and short run. The trade policy is only significant in the short run but with negative linkage with carbon emission. There is no significant evidence of short- or long-term health impact on carbon emission. Also, impacts of both renewable energy consumption and the real GDP are significant in terms of carbon emission. With the series of robustness and diagnostic tests employed, the study provides significant valid results. Additionally, a policy framework toward cutting back CO2 emissions to ensure sustainable development is provided in the study.

How to Allocate Carbon Emission Permits Among China’s Industrial Sectors Under the Constraint of Carbon Intensity?

With the official launch of China’s national unified carbon trading system (ETS) in 2017, it has played an increasingly important role in controlling the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the core issues in carbon trading is the allocation of initial carbon emissions permits. Since the industry emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide in China, a study on the allocation of carbon emission permits among China’s industrial sectors is necessary to promote industry carbon abatement efficiency. In this study, industrial carbon emissions permits are allocated to 37 sub-sectors of China to reach the emission reduction target of 2030 considering the carbon marginal abatement cost, carbon abatement responsibility, carbon abatement potential, and carbon abatement capacity. A hybrid approach that integrates data envelop analysis (DEA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to allocate carbon emission permits. The results of this study are as follows: First, under the constraint of carbon intensity, the carbon emission permits of the total industry in 2030 will be 8792 Mt with an average growth rate of 3.27%, which is 1.57 times higher than that in 2016. Second, the results of the carbon marginal abatement costs show that light industrial sectors and high-tech industrial sectors have a higher abatement cost, while energy-intensive heavy chemical industries have a lower abatement cost. Third, based on the allocation results, there are six industrial sub-sectors that have obtained major carbon emission permits, including the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (S24), manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products (S18), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (S23), smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (S25), production and supply of electric power and heat power (S35), and the processing of petroleum, coking, and processing of nuclear fuel (S19), accounting for 69.23% of the total carbon emissions permits. Furthermore, the study also classifies 37 industrial sectors to explore the emission reduction paths, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations for different categories.

Identifying Cross-Country Key Drivers of Social Entrepreneurial Activity

ABSTRACTThis study investigated the correlates of broad and narrow social entrepreneurship activity and 83 socio economic indicators among a sample of countries for which sufficient data exists. The study identified that broad and narrow social entrepreneurial activities are predicted through different drivers. Broad social entrepreneurial activity is driven by labor force with tertiary education, growth of carbon dioxide emissions, long-term unemployment, and percentage of stock of immigrants in a country. The narrowly defined social entrepreneurial activity is driven by taxes on income, profit and capital gains, growth of carbon dioxide emissions, and perception of standard of living in a country.

The Relationship Between Net Trade and Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Africa

We study the net impacts of international trade on carbon dioxide(CO2) emissions in African countries at different income groupings and otherdriving forces of environmental impacts (CO2 emissions) using an augmentedSTIRPATN model. The continent experienced a large growth in carbon dioxideemissions of about 701.88% between 1960 and 2010, and this provoked ourinterest in the study. We identify the key driving forces to be net trade, populationdensity, final consumption expenditure (annual growth), manufacturing sectorand services sector. We also found that the services sector consistently show lowcarbonemission impacts particularly in low middle income countries in Africa(LIMCA) and upper income countries in Africa (UICA). Indicating that a shiftfrom highly depended manufacturing economies that suggest increasing-carboneconomies in both LIMC and UICA to services economies is vital in order to strivefor a low-carbon economies in the continent. The coefficient for net trade standsout explicitly significant and positive for all the income groupings. The findingsshow that the average effect of net trade over CO2, when the net trade changesacross time and between countries increases by 1%, CO2 emissions increases byabout 1.68%, 2.45% and 1.01% for LICA, LMICA and UICA respectively, whenall other predictors are constant.

The impacts of information and communication technology, energy consumption, financial development, and economic growth on carbon dioxide emissions in 12 Asian countries

This study aims to investigate the effects of information and communication technology (ICT), energy consumption, economic growth, and financial development on carbon dioxide emissions using 1993–2013 panel data from 12 Asian countries. The study employs a panel unit root test accounting for the presence of cross-sectional dependence and found that Internet usage is stationary and carbon dioxide emissions, energy consumption, gross domestic production (GDP), and financial development are first-difference stationary. The results form Pedroni panel cointegration test confirms that the variables are cointegrated. The results of the cointegration test indicate that the ICT-energy-GDP-carbon dioxide emissions nexus has long-run equilibrium. Both energy consumption and GDP have significant, positive impacts on carbon dioxide emissions; energy consumption and GDP have an effect on carbon dioxide emissions growth. ICT has a significantly negative effect on carbon dioxide emissions; the promotion of ICT becomes one of the important strategies introduced to mitigate carbon dioxide emissions for various countries. Causality results show that energy consumption, GDP, and financial development cause more carbon dioxide emissions. Energy consumption, GDP, and carbon dioxide emissions cause ICT. GDP causes financial development, whereas energy consumption and GDP are interdetermined. The feedback hypothesis exists in the region; those countries need to develop alternative energy to replace fossil fuels. ICT does not threaten the environment and ICT policy can be seen as a part of carbon dioxide emissions reduction policy.

What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology and Global Supply Chain Participation

This paper examines the driving forces behind the growth in carbon dioxide emissions in forty advanced and emerging economies between 1995 and 2008. We use the global supply chain concept introduced in Timmer et al. (2014) to measure CO2 emissions in internationally fragmented production networks and embed the concept in structural decomposition analysis. Our findings suggest that rising levels of domestic consumption are related to increased carbon dioxide emissions in both advanced and emerging economies. A substantial share of CO2 emissions growth in emerging economies is accounted for by increased participation in global supply chains. However, even for countries that rapidly integrated in global production networks, such as China, rising domestic consumption accounts for the majority of territorial emissions.

LAND USE, TRANSPORT, AND CARBON EMISSIONS: A COMPUTABLE URBAN ECONOMIC MODEL FOR CHANGZHOU, CHINA

Rapid economic growth and urbanization has been accompanied by the equally rapid growth of carbon dioxide emissions in China. From the perspective of urban planning, land use, transport, and carbon emissions are involved in a complex process in which they interact with each other. We need to develop a computable urban economic model for sustainable infrastructure planning strategy, which can reflect the interaction among land use, transport, and carbon emissions. Our case study of Changzhou shows that a compact city scenario generates less carbon emissions than an urban sprawl scenario, indicating that a compact urban form can be accepted as a promising solution for developing a low‐carbon city.

The Prediction of Carbon Dioxide Emission Using ARIMA for Support Green Energy Development in Surabaya Municipality

<p>Surabaya is a metropolitan city in Indonesia. As well as the second largest city in Indonesia, with average yearly GDP growth of Surabaya increased 5 % of the national GDP, Surabaya has attraction for the urbanization and very strategic for the investors to build their industry in Surabaya. This leads to industrial sector, transportation, and the number of civilians growing rapidly which has the impact on the air quality in Surabaya. The most influential of air quality is the emission of Carbon Dioxide (CO2). Carbon Dioxide is a greenhouse gases that provide the largest contribution to global warming and climate change. This has negative impact to humans, so it is necessary conduct a research on the Carbon Dioxide emission growth being produced from the transportation, the industrial Sector, and household in Surabaya. The purpose of this research is to get prediction model for Carbon Dioxide emission growth being produced in the Surabaya. The prediction model can be represented the carbon Dioxide emissions growth in the next years that would give recommendations to the Surabaya Municipality Government for preventive action to reduce the Carbon Dioxide emission in Surabaya. </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Carbon dioxide; emission; prediction <br /><br /></p>

Driving factors behind carbon dioxide emissions in China: A modified production-theoretical decomposition analysis

Research on the driving factors behind carbon dioxide emission changes in China can inform better carbon emission reduction policies and help develop a low-carbon economy. As one of important methods, production-theoretical decomposition analysis (PDA) has been widely used to understand these driving factors. To avoid the infeasibility issue in solving the linear programming, this study proposed a modified PDA approach to decompose carbon dioxide emission changes into seven drivers. Using 2005–2010 data, the study found that economic development was the largest factor of increasing carbon dioxide emissions. The second factor was energy structure (reflecting potential carbon), and the third factor was low energy efficiency. Technological advances, energy intensity reductions, and carbon dioxide emission efficiency improvements were the negative driving factors reducing carbon dioxide emission growth rates. Carbon dioxide emissions and driving factors varied significantly across east, central and west China.

What Accounts for the Growth of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Advanced and Emerging Economies? The Role of Consumption, Technology, and Global Supply Chain Trade

Climate policy pledges and negotiations involve commitments about the reduction of emissions within national borders. However, the rise of global value chains has changed the nature of production and international trade, blurring the attribution of ultimate responsibility for emissions. This paper applies a novel method that examines the change in territorial emissions due to changes in energy intensity, supply chain participation, and domestic and foreign consumption. Our findings suggest that rising levels of domestic consumption are related to increased carbon dioxide emissions in both advanced and emerging economies. A substantial share of emissions growth in emerging economies is accounted for by higher participation in global production networks that serve expanding foreign consumption. However, even for economies that most rapidly integrated in global production networks, such as the People’s Republic of China, rising domestic consumption accounts for the bulk of territorial emissions. Improved energy efficiency partially stemmed the spike in emissions from higher consumer demand.

Research on the Factors of China's Carbon Dioxide Emissions

This paper construct the index decomposition model of carbon dioxide and decompose China's current total of carbon dioxide emissions into 11 factors based on the relevant statistical data of 1997-2010 and LMDI. Then, obtain that positive factors such as the economic output, per capita GDP and the level of urbanization play a catalytic role in the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, conversely negative factors such as energy consumption intensity of various departments, the proportion of the rural population and the proportion of the provincial department structure play an inhibitory effect in the growth of carbon dioxide emissions by analysis and calculation; Further, the paper briefly summarizes the results of the above study.

A structural decomposition analysis of the emissions embodied in trade

The aim of this study is to quantify the driving forces behind the growth of carbon dioxide emissions embodied in trade (EET). The World Input–output Database is used to estimate EET in 40 countries during 1995–2007 after which a structural decomposition analysis is applied. To avoid biases in the results, we have used the input–output tables in previous year's prices and chained the outcomes. In many developed countries, the growth of emissions embodied in imports is much higher than the growth of emissions embodied in exports. A key reason for this finding is the change in the structure of trade, both in intermediate and in final products. Emerging economies like the BRIC countries have increased their share in production and trade at the expense of developed countries. Producers and consumers in developed countries have shifted towards importing a larger share of products from emerging countries. This is the distinguishing feature that led to an increase of emissions embodied in imports for developed countries and an increase of emissions embodied in exports for emerging countries. These results suggest policy makers to monitor EET more carefully and take the effects of trade on emissions into consideration.

Climate Change: Global growth of carbon dioxide emissions continues

After declining 1.5% in 2009, global carbon dioxide emissions rose 5.8% in 2010, the largest yearly jump in two decades, according to a Worldwatch Institute report released on April 28. Worldwatch is a Washington, D.C.-based, environmental think tank. Report author Xing Fu-Bertaux says economic recovery is the primary reason for the increase. In addition, the report finds little progress in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions, noting that CO2 levels are now 45% higher than they were in 1990, a reference year for efforts to cut emissions. The report focuses on CO2 emissions because among greenhouse gases CO2 resides longest in the atmosphere and is the most abundant, making up 70% of all anthropogenic greenhouse gases. Growth of atmospheric CO2 levels has been accompanied by significant global temperature increases in the past decade, the report notes. The global average surface temperature in 2011 was the ninth warmest since 1880, according to ...

Carbon abatement costs and climate change finance

Envoys at the recent United Nations meeting in Cancun, Mexico, agreed to a climate-protection package, which included a fund that would manage a significant share of the $100 billion pledged in 2009 by developed countries for poorer nations. The money pledged begs the very real question of what are the real economic costs of a coordinated international effort to curb global warming? Cline, whose previous work in this area has garnered a number of awards, develops a framework that helps determine these costs. He defines an emissions baseline for each of the 25 largest emitting nations (the European Union is treated as a single entity in this study) and looks at trends in population growth, per capita GDP growth, growth in the energy efficiency of output, and how much carbon dioxide emission can be reduced going forward. Carbon Abatement Costs and Climate Change Finance also investigates the policy paths needed to not only abate carbon dioxide emissions growth but also decrease it.

The relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: quantile panel-type analysis

This paper samples the data of 138 countries during the 1971–2007 period, and performs an empirical test to validate the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth. It first performs panel data analysis and quantile regression analysis to estimate the long-run elasticity relationships, and then analyzes the short-run error correction model to verify the causal relationship between the two. The empirical results indicate the following. (1) The long-run relationship between global carbon dioxide emissions and GDP is stable, with 32.6% of the sampled countries showing cross-coupling of the two (with an elasticity value of greater than 1), 47.1% reporting relative-decoupling (with an elasticity value between 0 and 1), and 20.3% seeing absolute-decoupling (with an elasticity value of smaller than 0). (2) The quantile regression shows that long-run elasticity declines along with the rise of carbon dioxide emission quantiles. In other words, cross-coupling turns into relative-decoupling. (3) The analysis of short-run panel data and quantile regressions mostly support the feedback relationship between carbon dioxide emissions growth and economic growth. This is consistent with the hypothesis developed by Kuznets. (4) According to the results of the quantile regression, the higher the quantiles, the faster and more stable of the short-run error-correction mechanism of the adjustments from short-run disequilibrium to long-run equilibrium. (5) Under the low-quantile carbon dioxide emissions growth and economic growth, the relationship between these two is not stable of the short-run disequilibrium adjustments in the error-correction adjustment process. However, the relationship between these two is steady and feedback in the case of high quantiles. Therefore, the first priority to combat global warming is to focus on the countries with high economic growth and high carbon dioxide emissions growth.

Does Education Really Matter for Environmental Quality?

This paper investigates the impact of education on the growth of carbon dioxide emissions per capita over the period 1970-2004 in 85 countries. Using panel data and applying GMM-System estimations, our results suggest that education has no impact on the growth of air pollution for the whole sample. Nonetheless, this effect is sensitive to the sampling of countries according to their level of development. Indeed, while the effect remains insignificant in the developing countries sub-sample, education does matter for air pollution growth in the developed countries. More interestingly, when controlling for the quality of political institutions, the positive effect of education on air pollution growth is mitigated in the developed countries while being insignificant in the developing countries.

Impact of Revised CO2 Growth Projections for China on Global Stabilization Goals

Recent growth in carbon dioxide emissions from China's energy sector has exceeded expectations. In a major US government study of future emissions released in 2007 (1), participating models appear to have substantially underestimated the near-term rate of increase in China's emissions. We present a recalibration of one of those models to be consistent with both current observations and historical development patterns. The implications of the new specification for the feasibility of commonly discussed stabilization targets, particularly when considering incomplete global participation, are profound. Unless China's emissions begin to depart soon from their (newly projected) business-as-usual path, stringent stabilization goals may be unattainable. The current round of global policy negotiations must engage China and other developing countries, not to the exclusion of emissions reductions in the developed world and possibly with the help of significant financial incentives, if such goals are to be achieved. It is in all nations' interests to work cooperatively to limit our interference with the global climate.

The Effects of Primary Sector Foreign Investment on Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Agriculture Production in Less-Developed Countries, 1980-99

This research helps to increase our collective understanding of the complex interrelationships between foreign investment dependence and environmental degradation. Panel regresssion analyses of 35 less developed countries from 1980 to 1999 are conducted to test the hypothesis that foreign direct investment in the primary sector increases carbon dioxide emissions from agriculture production. Results confi rm the hypothesis, providing support for the theory of foreign capital dependence. Level of agriculture production and the use of tractors are also found to increase the growth of carbon dioxide emissions from this primary sector activity. Conversely, nations more likely to ratify international environmental treaties exhibit suppressed growth in emissions. These fi ndings underscore the need for social scientists to investigate the environmental impacts of both the level and transnational organization of production in different sectors as well as the overall use of relevant machinery and the environmental commitments of nation-states.

The impact of population pressure on global carbon dioxide emissions, 1975–1996: evidence from pooled cross-country data

In assessing and forecasting the impact of population change on carbon dioxide emissions, most previous studies have assumed a unitary elasticity of emissions with respect to population change, i.e. that a 1% increase in population results in a 1% increase in emissions. This study finds that global population change over the last two decades is more than proportionally associated with growth in carbon dioxide emissions, and that the impact of population change on emissions is much more pronounced in developing countries than in developed countries. The empirical findings are based on a data for 93 countries over the period 1975–1996.

ELECTRIC POWER DEREGULATION

Deregulation of electric utilities is one of the hot topics in Washington, D.C., these days. Although the details are somewhat esoteric, it will profoundly change the way electricity is bought and sold in this country. Everyone who has examined the issue closely says that bringing competition to the electric power industry offers a great opportunity to lower costs for consumers and improve the environment. But if it is not done right, it could favor large customers at the expense of small ones, worsen air pollution, and accelerate growth in carbon dioxide emissions. Four states have already passed legislation that will allow customers to choose which company supplies their electricity. And two bills have been introduced in Congress that would make retail competition in electric power a national policy. This year or next, Congress will likely decide what form deregulation should take. In late March, Sen. Frank H. Murkowski (R-Alaska), chairman of the Committee on Energy ...