Growth Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

Assessing the impact of resource efficiency, renewable energy R&D spending, and green technologies on environmental sustainability in Germany: Evidence from a Wavelet Quantile-on-Quantile Regression

One important challenge in the world today is how to reverse the growth of carbon dioxide emissions to save the planet from environmental degradation without putting economic growth at risk. Several measures and initiatives such as resource efficiency, green energy transition, energy technologies, emission control, etc. Have been adopted by several countries worldwide in order to mitigate CO2 emissions. This study investigates the impact of resource efficiency, renewable energy Research and Development (R&D) expenditures, and green technologies towards fostering environmental sustainability in Germany. Using quarterly data spanning from 1974 to 2019, the study applies the Wavelet Quantile-on-Quantile Regression (WQQR) approach. This method embeds a wavelet kernel into quantile-on-quantile regression to capture the time-varying coefficients. The empirical findings reveal a negative impact of resource efficiency, renewable energy R&D expenditures, and green technologies on energy-based carbon intensity. The results further reveal that, with the exception of green technologies, the negative effects of resource efficiency and renewable energy R&D expenditures are stronger in the middle quantiles. The study demonstrates the robustness of these results through the wavelet quantile regression analysis. Finally, the study offers valuable policy implications that align with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13, aiming to achieve a sustainable environment.

Assessment of low-carbon tourism development from multi-aspect analysis: a case study of the Yellow River Basin, China

Climate change has become an unavoidable problem in achieving sustainable development. As one of the major industries worldwide, tourism can make a significant contribution to mitigating climate change. The main objective of the paper is to assess the development level of low-carbon tourism from multi-aspect, using the Yellow River Basin as an example. Firstly, this study quantified tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy, and analyzed their evolution characteristics. The interaction and coordination degree between tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy were then analyzed using the improved coupling coordination degree model. Finally, this study analyzed the change in total factor productivity of low-carbon tourism by calculating the Malmquist–Luenberger productivity index. The results showed that: (1) the tourism industry in the Yellow River Basin has the characteristics of the initial environmental Kuznets curve. (2) There was a strong interaction between tourism carbon dioxide emissions and tourism economy, which was manifested as mutual promotion. (3) The total factor productivity of low-carbon tourism was increasing. Based on the above results, it could be concluded that the development level of low-carbon tourism in the Yellow River Basin has been continuously improved from 2000 to 2019, but it is still in the early development stage with the continuous growth of carbon dioxide emissions.

Strategy of Chinese energy companies in the world market of oilfield services and logistics services: Regional aspects

The aggravation of the problem of climate change, as well as the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, determines the increased interest of the scientific community in the development of effective methods to minimize the growing threats. The focus of scientists is China with its accelerated economic development, contributing to the growth of carbon dioxide emissions and other environmental problems. Global and regional trends are reflected in the strategies of China's largest energy companies, which confirm the relevance of the topic under study. The purpose of the article is to study the current performance of China's energy sector, their trends, and future forecasts, taking into account the strategies of the key players in the country's oilfield services market. The study used the following scientific methods: economic and statistical analysis, predictive methods, system-structural method, analysis, comparison method, observation, and description. As a result of the study, the key trends in the energy industry in China today were analyzed, and forecast values selected indicators by announced pledges scenario and stated policies scenario. The structure of supply and consumption by China of both energies from traditional sources and generated from renewable sources is studied. The regional structure of energy exports and imports by China is considered, and the country's main strategic partners are identified. The analysis of operating models and strategic directions of activity of the largest oilfield services companies in China—PetroChina and Sinopec—was carried out. Attention is paid to the problems of interaction between logistics and oilfield services companies, and ways to minimize such problems are proposed. The results of the study can be used by government representatives when planning further actions regarding the development of the energy industry.

РАЗРАБОТКА РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ВИДОВ ЦЕМЕНТОВ ДЛЯ УСТРОЙСТВА КОНСТРУКТИВНЫХ СЛОЕВ ДОРОЖНОЙ ОДЕЖДЫ НА ОСНОВЕ АСФАЛЬТОГРАНУЛОБЕТОННЫХ СМЕСЕЙ

Today, the highway is not just a construction site, but also an important component in the structure of the country's economic development. Recently, transport loads on the structural layer of pavement have increased many times over as a result of an increase in freight turnover on the roads of the automobile network. To maintain the operational reliability of roads and extend their life cycle, high-quality and innovative materials are needed, technological modes of work adapted to them, as well as timely laboratory research, quality control and monitoring of materials being developed. This will improve the physical and mechanical properties of materials used in the construction of pavement structural layers. One effective approach is to reinforce the pavement base using cement based asphalt granular concrete mix (AGC), which involves the recycling of local materials instead of expensive stone materials. In the work, studies were carried out on the effect of a binder based on NLMK PJSC granulated blast-furnace slag, modified with various chemical additives, on the physical and mechanical properties of the asphalt granular concrete mixture. The effectiveness of the developed compositions lies in the fact that the slag becomes more hydraulically reactive not as a result of activation with caustic alkali or other low-modulus soluble silicates, but due to the use of special reagents that do not adversely affect process equipment and workers. Moreover, the annual growth of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere in the production of cement expands the need for the use of alternative types of binders in construction. It has been established that samples of AGBS-K type asphalt-granular concrete mixture based on the developed compositions of an inorganic binder exceed the strength characteristics of composites using cement.

Retraction Note: The role of green energy deployment and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the Chinese economy.

Retraction Note: The role of green energy deployment and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the Chinese economy.

Urbanization-Growth-Environment: How Are They Related? An Evidence from the Global Asia-Pacific Region

Asia and the Pacific have made rapid progress in economic growth but still have work to do in environmental degradation. Logical consequence because pursuing economic progress has raised environmental problems and has become one of the central issues for development. The Asia-Pacific region became the most significant contributor and growth in carbon dioxide emissions compared to other regions. The research objective is to analyze the impact of urbanization on environmental quality and its interaction through economic growth using the standard Dynamic Model of the Autoregressive Distributed Lag approach. The result show demonstrates consistency in developed countries and the High-Income countries categories. Urbanization has a significant negative effect on emissions, and the Growth variable is significantly positive; nevertheless, the EKC curve does not occur. Urbanization deteriorates the relationship between growth and emissions. It is not proven in developing countries and the lower and upper middle income. Equitable development needs to be carried out by every country by considering the quality and sustainable economic institutions and pro-environmental innovations, especially in developing or lower and upper-middle countries.

The role of green energy deployment and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions: evidence from the Chinese economy.

After reform and opening-up, rapid industrialization and urbanization led to environmental degradation in China, including excessive energy consumption, soil contamination, and water pollution. Toward sustainable development, the Chinese government has promoted the introduction of clean energy sources such as geothermal and hydroelectric power generation, which have reduced the environmental burden. However, the impact of this energy shift on environmental improvement and economic growth is unclear. This study empirically analyzes the impact of green energy deployment and economic growth on CO2 emissions in China. The analysis of time series data from 1980 to 2020 shows that in the long run, a 1% increase in renewable energy significantly reduces CO2 emissions by 0.87%, and a 1% increase in GDP significantly increases CO2 emissions by 0.26%. In contrast, in the short run, the negative effect of renewable energy on CO2 emissions and the positive effect of GDP on it are not significant. This result was confirmed after the robustness checks. Based on the results obtained, several policy recommendations are made.

Realizing the Sustainable Development Goals through technological innovation: juxtaposing the economic and environmental effects of financial development and energy use.

The BRICS comprise of group of emergingmarket economies which are committed to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals agenda of the United Nations by the end of the year 2030. In this regard, it is critically important for these nations to sustain their annual rise in theireconomic growth rates while simultaneously declining the rate of discharge ofcarbon dioxide emissions. Against this backdrop, this study aims to investigate how financial development, greaterprimary energy consumption, and technological innovation affect the prospects of the BRICS nations in achieving economic and environmental sustainability. Considering the period from 1990 to 2020 and utilizing methods that are robust to working with cross-sectionally dependent, heterogeneous, and endogenous panel data, the key analytical findings derived in this study reveal that higher levels offinancial development, primary energy consumption, and technological innovation boost the per capita economic growth rates of the BRICS nations. Besides, technological innovation also moderates the financial development-economic growth and theprimary energy consumption-economic growth nexuses by jointly boosting economic growth rates with these two macroeconomic variables. On the other hand, financial development and higher primary energy consumption are seen to boost the annual per capita carbon dioxide emission growth in these emerging nations, while technological innovation is observed to do the opposite. Furthermore, technological innovation is witnessed to moderate the nexus between energy use and economic growth to further reduce theemission growth ratein the BRICS nations. Accordingly, a set of policies are recommended to the concernedgovernments in order to enable the BRICS nations to attain the Sustainable Development Goalsagenda.

Engagement of resource-based economies in the fight against rising carbon emissions

Countering the growing carbon emissions of the global economy is one of the cornerstones of the modern concept of sustainable development. While developed countries have been actively and willingly engaged in this struggle over the past decades, the question of how countries with substantial reserves of primary energy resources should be involved in these processes is still debatable. At the same time, the role of these countries in shaping the global carbon emissions is so visible that without adequate measures to stimulate industry in these countries, the efforts made by developed countries will have only a fragmented and insufficient effect. This article provides an overview of the key tools used to intensify the development of renewable energy as the main driver of reducing the carbon intensity of the energy sector, as well as an analysis of their significance from the perspective of countries with a resource-based economy. It shows the differences in the perception of the ongoing global processes of greening the energy sector and proposes key vectors that will generate interest in resource-economy countries. It was found that: (1) renewable energy is a promising solution to reduce carbon emissions, but only for countries that do not possess vast reserves of fuel raw materials; (2) focusing on a limited list of climate policies has devastating long-term consequences for the fossil energy industries, as seen in the decline in investment in exploration, which is a threat for global energy security; (3) engagement of countries with resource-based economy in the fight against the growth of carbon dioxide emissions should be based on the realization of their resource potential through the development of circular economy technologies, like carbon capture, utilization, and storage.

Influence of airspace avoidance due to political and safety issues on flight efficiency and environment

In the history of aviation there were many cases that led to the obligation or necessity to bypass certain airspaces, mainly due to political and safety reasons. One of the latest events is the incident over Belarusian airspace. The fundamental concept of the article is to examine the effects of the necessity to avoid certain airspaces by the operators, using the incident over Belarusian airspace as an example. Based on the observations of air traffic flow over affected region, route distance extension was calculated using the Horizontal Flight Efficiency method. Subsequent calculations include potential increase in flight time, fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emission and operating costs. The results were extrapolated to yearly amounts. based on the air traffic prediction reports. The air traffic prediction analysis as well as the results of the calculations and simulations indicate that the bypass of the airspaces on flight routes important to global economy, has a serious impact on the environment and operators’ budget due to increased aircraft’s fuel consumption resulting in growth of carbon dioxide emissions as well as operating costs. It also leads to deterioration in the European Airspace’s capacity, causing the necessity for Air Traffic Management units to reorganize the air traffic flow over the affected regions. Potential solutions mitigating the problem were also proposed.

Growing the Green Giant: Ecological Threats, Political Threats, and U.S. Membership in Sierra Club, 1892–Present

A growing body of research examines questions related to the emergence of environmental organizations and the growth of the environmental organizational field in the United States, but we need to know more about why particular environmental organizations grow or decline in terms of membership size over time. In this article, we draw on both qualitative and quantitative data to assess factors contributing to the growth of the Sierra Club, one of the United States’ oldest and largest environmental organizations. First, through an analytic narrative that synthesizes insights from secondary accounts of the history of the Sierra Club, we identify a variety of ecological and political threats that have led to growth in the Sierra Club from its founding in 1892 to the present day. Then, through time-series analyses of quantitative data, we show that two particular types of environmental and political threats—growth in carbon dioxide emissions and the presence of Republican Presidents—have led to growth in the Sierra Club from 1960 (when it began mass recruitment of members) to 2016. We contextualize these findings within the broader social scientific literature on neoliberalism and its consequences for environmental degradation and environmental mobilization. Overall, our findings provide support for threat-based models of mobilization and hold significant implications for research on environmental organizations.

Trends and conditions for the development of green energy in the Russian Federation

The second decade of the twenty-first century was a turning point when the leaders of the largest and most developed countries began to talk about a gradual transition from traditional energy sources to renewable ones. This decision was made in connection with the growth of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, and, as a consequence, an increase in the temperature of the lower layers of the atmosphere due to the greenhouse effect. The purpose of the study is to identify effective practices and prospects for the development of green energy in Russia through a comparative analysis of trends and conditions for supporting the production of renewable energy in the country. The study was carried out using methods of descriptive statistics analysis and comparative analysis, graphical and tabular visualization of the results. Sources used include data from the International Energy Agency, independent information, and an analytical center under the Government of the Russian Federation.

Global Environmental Forecast and Roadmap Based on 420 kY of Paleoclimatology

As the world’s population has tripled (3x) since 1950, with another 50% increase expected by 2100, global annual carbon dioxide emissions growth rate has quadrupled (4x) since 1950 and global energy demand has quintupled (5x), all in the same time period. This discontinuous combination can be called a “3-4-5 Triad” and the sudden acceleration in all three arenas is too stressful on the environment and the damaging effects will be felt globally for centuries to come unless drastic action is taken. More importantly, the energy demand at 5x is outstripping the other two. This clearly means that as the population explodes at 3x, the emerging middle class wants almost twice as much as their usual share as fossil-fueled generators spread around the globe and modern conveniences become more and more desirable. However, such energy demand at 5x is an artificial human need that is predicted by RMI.org to result in four to five billion new window-mounted air conditioners by 2050 that will add even more to the global warming caused by increasing atmospheric carbon. By an examination of paleoclimatology for the past 420,000 years, it is demonstrable that reducing the concentration of this single most prolific heat-trapping gas by geoengineering back to pre-industrial levels of less than 300 ppm can actually give humankind a collective control over the world’s rapidly rising average global temperature and once more, a temperate climate to live in.

Electrocatalytic Urea and Ammonia Oxidation for Cell Voltage Optimization in CO2 Electrolyzers

Considering the continuous growth of carbon dioxide emissions and resulting climate change, the electrochemical reduction reaction of CO2 (CO2RR) to fuels and other valuable compounds is a promising strategy for utilizing the emitted greenhouse gas. The most current CO2RR approaches rely on the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as the anodic process, which requires high potentials (Eo = 1.23V vs SHE) and produces low-value O2 as a product. The electrochemical CO2 conversion to CO or valuable carboxylic acids coupled with an alternative useful anodic reaction with a lower energy requirement than that for OER, could be a good strategy for lowering the cell potential. Based on the thermodynamic calculations of standard reaction Gibbs free energies and standard cell voltages for various anodic reactions, we demonstrate that the anodic oxidation of urea (UOR) and ammonia (AOR) are excellent alternatives to the OER in the CO2 electrolyzers for reducing its energy consumption. At the same time, performing UOR and AOR along with CO2RR introduces additional environmental value to the overall process, as these anodic reactions can be used for wastewater treatment. We evaluate the performance of divided batch and flow electrochemical cells, with CO2RR at the Ag and Au cathodes coupled with UOR and AOR at Ni-based and Pt-based anodes. The replacement of OER with Ni3+-catalyzed UOR decreases the operating cell potential by ≈250mV at current densities of up to 100mA cm-2, while enabling high faradaic efficiencies of CO formation at the cathode. Further decrease in cell potential of [CO2RR | UOR] electrolyzer is challenging due to the relatively high thermodynamic potential of Ni2+ to Ni3+ oxidation (Eo = 0.49V vs SHE). However, we show that the replacement of OER with AOR at Pt/C can decrease the operating cell potential by ≈700mV at current densities of up to 2mA cm-2 limited by the poor activity of current state-of-the-art catalysts for AOR. Finally, we establish an electrochemical system for the efficient CO2 conversion to CO coupled with UOR and AOR that operates at lower cell potentials, than that of OER.

Investigating the Influencing Factors of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Residents’ Energy Consumption in China

With the rapid development of the social economy and the accelerated process of urbanization, the consumption level of residents, especially the demand of energy consumption has increased greatly, which will become an important reason for the growth of carbon dioxide emissions in the future. China has concentrated on policies and measures for energy conservation and emission reduction in the industrial and industrial sectors, ignoring the issue of carbon emissions in the residents’ consumption for a long time. This paper calculates the carbon dioxide emissions of residents’ energy consumption for 1991-2017 based on thirteen kinds of energy consumption. Then constructing the STIRPAT model to divide the influence factors into 5 factors: population, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, energy structure and energy intensity. This paper constructed the cointegration equation and the VEC model through the unit root test, Johansen cointegration test and Grainger causality test by Eviews8 software. Finally, this paper purposed the measures of reducing the carbon dioxide emissions of residents’ energy consumption by reducing the carbon dioxide emissions per capita and adjusting the energy structure.

The role of electricity consumption, globalization and economic growth in carbon dioxide emissions and its implications for environmental sustainability targets

In spite of increased awareness and commitment to climate change, the world is yet to witness a dramatic downturn of pollutant emissions. With the strategic geographical location of Turkey and the country’s energy and environmental degradation challenges, this study, therefore, attempts to investigate the linkages among carbon emissions, electricity consumption, economic growth and globalization in Turkey over the period 1970–2014. They posit a more robust interpretation within a multivariate arrangement by employing several econometric techniques such as the Bayer and Hanck (2013) cointegration procedure, the ARDL bounds testing approach to cointegration, ARDL short-run and long-run estimations, and the Toda-Yamamoto Granger causality testing. From our findings, the policy variables relevant to pollution reduction in Turkey are electricity consumption and economic growth, and the common factor to these policy variables is fossil fuel consumption. There is no statistical indication that globalization impacts carbon emissions in Turkey. Our findings have the following important policy implications for Turkey and other countries with high records of carbon emissions; (i) the so-called fossil fuel capitalism needs to be overhauled, and a switch to low carbon, eco-friendly, energy mix content is required, (ii) renewable energy sources should be prioritized, (iii) adoption of electric vehicles not as complements to internal combustion engine vehicles but as substitutes should be encouraged, (iv) levying of environmentally sensitive taxes and subsidies should be intensified, and (v) better participation in the global drive for decarbonization should be encouraged. In summary, we advocate extensive planning and financing, and coordinated action across economic sectors and various stakeholders to achieve a low-carbon energy system.

An Empirical Study of Climate Change on Carbon Dioxide Emission in ASEAN 4: Vector Autoregression Exogenous (VARX) Approach

Climate change is a phenomenon of environmental damage due to the increased intensity of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere, which causes the surface temperature of the earth. The carbon dioxide emission is a form of environmental degradation caused by economic activities. This study analyzed the relationship of macroeconomic variables and the carbon dioxide emission in each of the four ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand). The used of macroeconomic variables (GDP, trade openness, energy consumption, and the exchange rate) is shown to explain the carbon dioxide emission. In this study, Vector Auto regression Exogenous (VARX) method is used to analyze the impact of economic activities on the movement of carbon dioxide emissions. The data used time series with a vulnerable time of the year 1981-2013. The estimation results from these studies show that the GDP variable has the greatest contribution to the dynamics of carbon dioxide emissions in each ASEAN 4 countries. This empirical finding suggests that economic activity has an influence on the growth of carbon dioxide emissions.

Energy consumption as a condition for per capita carbon dioxide emission growth: The results of a qualitative comparative analysis in the European Union

The problematic of climatic changes and the respective consequences raises the need to discuss the problem and define measures to control and/or reverse them. Because one of the causes of climatic changes is the emission of greenhouse gases, the European Union defined the reduction of emissions as a main concern as well as increasing efficiency in the energy sector. With the objective of analysing the main conditions affecting the growth of per capita emissions, this paper uses a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Based on a sample of data from 2010 to 2014, the conditions evaluated were: i) GDP growth; ii) change in the share of GDP relating to private consumption; iii) change in the share of GDP relating to public consumption; iv) change in the share of GDP on investment; v) and energy consumption growth. The main drivers contributing to reduced emissions were the crisis and energy consumption. Evaluation of the main factors affecting emissions growth is the main contribution of this study. Considering that economic growth is an obvious goal, the European Union must design measures encouraging investment in more efficient and less pollutant technologies, which is also in accordance with OECD sustainability goals.

Carbon emissions and the trilemma of trade policy, migration policy and health care in the US

Although the United States has consistently experienced a recent declining growth in carbon dioxide emissions, the country is currently the largest emitter of CO2 after China and suffers a biocapacity reserve deficit. Against the backdrop of further identifying the determinants of carbon emissions in the United States, this study employed the dynamic Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach to observing the tripartite impact of trade policy, migration index, and health care on carbon emission over the period 1990: Q1–2018: Q2. By incorporating renewable energy consumption and the real gross domestic product (GDP) to control for unobserved factors, the study found that migration and carbon emissions are positively related in the long and short run. The trade policy is only significant in the short run but with negative linkage with carbon emission. There is no significant evidence of short- or long-term health impact on carbon emission. Also, impacts of both renewable energy consumption and the real GDP are significant in terms of carbon emission. With the series of robustness and diagnostic tests employed, the study provides significant valid results. Additionally, a policy framework toward cutting back CO2 emissions to ensure sustainable development is provided in the study.

How to Allocate Carbon Emission Permits Among China’s Industrial Sectors Under the Constraint of Carbon Intensity?

With the official launch of China’s national unified carbon trading system (ETS) in 2017, it has played an increasingly important role in controlling the growth of carbon dioxide emissions. One of the core issues in carbon trading is the allocation of initial carbon emissions permits. Since the industry emits the largest amount of carbon dioxide in China, a study on the allocation of carbon emission permits among China’s industrial sectors is necessary to promote industry carbon abatement efficiency. In this study, industrial carbon emissions permits are allocated to 37 sub-sectors of China to reach the emission reduction target of 2030 considering the carbon marginal abatement cost, carbon abatement responsibility, carbon abatement potential, and carbon abatement capacity. A hybrid approach that integrates data envelop analysis (DEA), the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed to allocate carbon emission permits. The results of this study are as follows: First, under the constraint of carbon intensity, the carbon emission permits of the total industry in 2030 will be 8792 Mt with an average growth rate of 3.27%, which is 1.57 times higher than that in 2016. Second, the results of the carbon marginal abatement costs show that light industrial sectors and high-tech industrial sectors have a higher abatement cost, while energy-intensive heavy chemical industries have a lower abatement cost. Third, based on the allocation results, there are six industrial sub-sectors that have obtained major carbon emission permits, including the smelting and pressing of ferrous metals (S24), manufacturing of raw chemical materials and chemical products (S18), manufacturing of non-metallic mineral products (S23), smelting and pressing of non-ferrous metals (S25), production and supply of electric power and heat power (S35), and the processing of petroleum, coking, and processing of nuclear fuel (S19), accounting for 69.23% of the total carbon emissions permits. Furthermore, the study also classifies 37 industrial sectors to explore the emission reduction paths, and proposes corresponding policy recommendations for different categories.