Growth Of Bifidobacterium Bifidum Research Articles

Возможная роль представителей кишечного микробиома в биотрансформации арил-, пиридилсодержащих фосфинов и их производных (по данным спектроскопии ЯМР 31Р)

Organophosphorus compounds (OPCs) are used in many areas of human activity. Unique physicochemical properties and high biological activity not only determine the applied value of OPCs but also give them the properties of xenobiotics that are harmful to human health, which largely depend on the state of the endogenous microbiota. The purpose of this work is to assess the effect of pyridyl- and aryl-containing phosphines, their oxides, and sulfides on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Escherichia coli and to identify possible patterns of biotransformation of OPCs using 31P NMR spectroscopy. Bacteria were cultivated in thioglycollate medium containing the tested phosphorus compounds. At the stationary growth phase was determined the cell concentration and were recorded spectra 31P NMR. It was shown that the most reliable (p<0,05) and opposite effect on the growth dynamics of both species of bacteria was exhibited by phosphine sulfides 1 and 3: PS1 (pyridyl) reduced the population reproduction rate by 35–40%, and PS3 (aryl) increased it by 45–60%. At the same time, OPCs themselves were most likely not metabolized. Phosphine oxides reduced the average titer of bacteria compared to the control, and PO3 caused complete cell elimination after 24 hours cultivation. In the medium with PO2 was identified PS2 appeared, which may be caused by the biologically mediated process of oxide-to-sulfide conversion. All phosphines are chemically labile and they were oxidized abiotically to oxides and sulfides. Formed sulfides could be the reason for a significant increase (to 35%) in the growth rate bacteria population both species. Five new unidentified organophosphorus compounds (UPC) were recorded on medias with B. bifidum, some of which may belong to the products of biotransformation of the original OPCs. Some organic phosphates, homologous to the phosphine oxides tested, have a δp value neighboring to the taken NMR spectra. This may indicate the way of their biological transformation: oxidation of the CP bond in the phosphine oxides to an ester bond of organic phosphates. This ability of bifidobacteria to metabolize OPCs will make it possible to develop a therapeutic strategy based on the use of B. bifidum as a microorganism that degrades phosphorus-containing xenobiotics.

Melanins of Inonotus Obliquus: Bifidogenic and Antioxidant Properties.

Extracts and melanins from Inonotus obliquus are widely used in medicine due to their high antioxidant properties. This study is dedicated to define the influence of the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Inonotus obliquus melanins and their bifidogenic effects on Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis. For this purpose, melanins precipitated from Inonotus obliquus aqueous extracts, obtained by a few methods, and separated melanin fractions by organic solvents were used. For the melanin physicochemical properties analysis spectrophotometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering methods were applied. Melanins and their fractions difference in particle size and charge, antioxidant properties, and redox potential were revealed. It was shown that the redox potential, the size of melanin particles and the z-potential had maximum influence on bifidobacteria growth. The greatest activating effect on bifidobacteria was established by using melanin isolated from aqueous microwave extracts in concentrations of 10−13, 10−10, 10−5 g/cm3. The use of this melanin with antioxidant activity 0.67 ± 0.06 mg/g (expressed as ascorbic acid equivalent), and with redox potential −5.51 ± 2.22 mV as a prebiotic allowed the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum 1 s to increase by 1.4 times in comparison with ascorbic acid by 24 h of cultivation.

Evaluation of Prebiotic Effects of High-Purity Galactooligosaccharides in vitro and in vivo.

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) are an important class of dietary prebiotics that exert beneficial effects on intestinal microbiota and gut barrier function. In this study, high-purity GOS (HP-GOS) were investigated in vitro and in vivo and confirmed as prebiotic ingredients in rat diet. HP-GOS were successfully produced using a two-step process, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation by yeast. They were found to serve as a good substrate and carbon source for supporting the growth of probiotic bacteria more effectively than other commercial GOS. Following administration of 1% (by mass) of HP-GOS to rats, the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. longum in the gut increased most rapidly up to 12 h, and thereafter the increase was slow. Therefore, 1% HP-GOS was found to be acceptable for the growth of probiotic bacteria. Groups of animals that were orally administered HP-GOS and bifidobacteria during the study, and the group administered HP-GOS during the 2nd (days 13-15) and 4th (days 28-30) period of the study had significantly (p<0.05) higher numbers of bifidobacteria in faeces than groups receiving a single dose of bifidobacteria. HP-GOS affected the expression of genes encoding glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY). There was a significant upregulation of GLP-1 and PYY mRNA with HP-GOS and bifidobacteria intake. We propose that the prebiotic properties of HP-GOS are potentially valuable for the production of functional foods for human consumption.

Factors affecting the growth of bifidobacteria in human milk

Five strains of bifidobacteria of human origin and 2 strains of bifidobacteria of animal origin were tested for growth in 10 samples of human milk. Growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum in human milk was accompanied by a decrease in pH and production of acids. The number of viable cells of Bifidobacterium animalis was decreased from 6 log cfu mL −1 to 3 log cfu mL −1 after incubation in human milk. There were significant differences ( P < 0.05) between bacterial counts of B. bifidum and B. animalis in milk samples tested. Resistance to lysozyme and the ability to utilise human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) were identified as the most important factors affecting the growth of bifidobacteria in human milk. Four out of 5 strains of human origin were resistant to lysozyme and utilised HMOs. In contrast, B. animalis was susceptible to lysozyme and did not utilise HMOs.

Growth‐Inhibiting Activities of Phenethyl Isothiocyanate and Its Derivatives against Intestinal Bacteria

The growth-inhibiting activities of Sinapis alba L. seed-derived materials were examined on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, B. breve, B. longum, Clostridium difficile, C. perfringens, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and L. casei. The active component of S. alba seeds was purified using silica gel column chromatography and HPLC and was identified as phenethyl isothiocyanate by various spectroscopic analyses. The antimicrobial activity of phenethyl isothiocyanate varied according to the dose and bacterial strain tested. Phenethyl isothiocyanate strongly inhibited the growth of C. difficile and C. perfringens at 1 mg/disc, and weakly (+) inhibited its growth at 0.1 mg/disc. Furthermore, phenethyl isothiocyanate moderately (++) inhibited the growth of E. coli at a dose of 2 mg/disc, but did not inhibit the growth of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Addition of various functional groups to isothiocyanates resulted in selective inhibitory activity against harmful bacteria with low concentrations of aromatic isothiocyanates demonstrating greater inhibitory activity against clostridia and E. coli than aliphatic isothiocyanates. In conclusion, aromatic isothiocyanates containing phenethyl-, benzyl-, and benzoyl-groups might be useful in the development of novel preventive and therapeutic agents against diseases caused by harmful intestinal bacteria.

Growth Inhibiting Activity of Quinaldic Acid Isolated from Ephedra pachyclada against Intestinal Bacteria

The growth inhibiting activity of materials derived from the stems of Ephedra pachyclada against intestinal bacteria was examined. Purification of the active constituent from E. pachyclada stems was conducted by silica gel chromatography and HPLC. The structure of the active component was identified as quinaldic acid (C10H7NO2, 173, quinoline-2-caboxylic acid) using various spectroscopic analyses including EI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The growth inhibiting activity varied according to the chemical, dose, and bacterial strain tested. Quinaldic acid showed a strong (+++) inhibition at 1.0 mg/disc against Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens, and moderately inhibited the growth of C. Difficile and C. Perfringens at 0.5 and 0.1 mg/disc, respectively, but had no effect on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei. These results indicate that quinaldic acid should be considered as a possible antimicrobial agent for the treatment of diseases associated with intestinal bacteria.

Effects of bifidogenic factors on growth of bifidobacterium bifidum in cultured milk yoghurt

The Journal of the National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka publishes the results of research in all aspects of Science and Technology. The journal also has a website at http://www.nsf.gov.lk/. 2021 Impact Factor: 0.682The JNSF provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge.

Feruloyl oligosaccharides stimulate the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum

Insoluble dietary fiber from wheat bran contains some feruloyl groups linked to the arabinose residues in the cell wall arabinoxylan. Treatment of wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber with xylanase from Bacillus subtilis yielded feruloyl oligosacchairdes, which were purified with Amberlite XAD-2. Saponification of the feruloyl oligosaccharides released ferulic acid and arabinoxylan oligosaccharides which consist of arabinose and xylose. The effect of the feruloyl oligosacchairdes on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum F-35 was investigated in vitro. The B. bifidum produced acid when cultivated anaerobically in TPY broth with 0.5% feruloyl oligosacchairdes as the carbohydrate source. The biomass yield of the B. bifidum increased with increasing the concentration of feruloyl oligosaccharides in TPY broth. The maximum cell growth was increased by 50% in TPY broth supplemented with 0.1% feruloyl oligosaccharides compared to TPY broth. These results indicated that the growth of B. bifidum F-35 was promoted by the feruloyl oligosaccharides from wheat bran insoluble dietary fiber, and not suppressed by the ferulic acid moiety of them.

Cordycepin: selective growth inhibitor derived from liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris against Clostridium spp.

The growth responses of nine human intestinal bacteria to liquid culture of Cordyceps militaris Link. Pt. (Ascomycotina: Clavicipitaceae) collected from a pupa of Bombyx mori L. (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) were examined using spectrophotometric and impregnated paper disk methods and compared to those of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as those of Coptis japonica root-derived berberine chloride. The biologically active constituent of the cultures was characterized as cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) by spectroscopic analysis. This compound revealed potent growth-inhibiting activity toward Clostridium paraputrificum and Clostridium perfringens at 10 microgram/disk without adverse effects on the growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus casei, whereas tetracycline and chloramphenicol inhibited the growth of these lactic acid-producing bacteria, clostridia and Escherichia coli. However, C. militaris-derived materials revealed no growth stimulation on the bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of C. militaris. As a naturally occurring antibacterial agent, cordycepin could be useful as a new preventive agent against various diseases caused by clostridia.

Growth-Inhibiting Effects of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Materials on Human Intestinal Bacteria.

The growth-inhibiting activity of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials toward five intestinal bacteria was examined using an impregnated paper disk method and compared with that of tetracycline and chloramphenicol, as well as four commercially available compounds (cinnamyl alcohol, trans-cinnamic acid, eugenol, and salicylaldehyde). The biologically active component of C. cassia bark was characterized as cinnamaldehyde by spectral analysis. The growth responses varied with each bacterial strain tested. In a test using 1 and 0.5 mg/disks, cinnamaldehyde revealed potent inhibition against Clostridium perfringensand Bacteroides fragilis. At 1 and 0.5 mg/disk, growth of Bifidobacterium bifidum was significantly inhibited, whereas weak or no inhibitory activity was obtained against Bifidobacterium longum or Lactobacillus acidophilus. The inhibitory effect was much more pronounced in Cl. perfringens, B. fragilis, and Bi. bifidum, compared to Bi. longum or L. acidophilus. Salicylaldehyde exhibited moderate growth-inhibiting activity, but little or no inhibition was observed from treatments with cinnamyl alcohol, trans-cinnamic acid, and eugenol. In contrast, tetracycline and chloramphenicol significantly inhibited growth of all test bacteria as low as 0.01 mg/disk. These results may be an indication of at least one of the pharmacological actions of C. cassia bark.