Growth Of Aspergillus Fumigatus Research Articles

Screening of Metabolites Products of Fusarium oxysporum and Determination of Its Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity Using Medicinal Plants Extract

The aims of this study were screening of the secondary metabolite products and evaluation antimicrobial activity. Bioactives are chemical compounds often referred to as secondary metabolites. Twenty one bioactive compounds were identified in the methanolic extract of Fusarium oxysporum. The identification of bioactive chemical compounds is based on the peak area, retention time molecular weight and molecular formula. Melissa officinalis was very highly active 6.470±0.25 mm. The results of anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity produced by Fusarium oxysporum showed that the volatile compounds were highly effective to suppress the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus (5.893±0.20) and Streptococcus pyogenes (6.001±0.19). Based on the significance of employing bioactive compounds in pharmacy to produce drugs for the treatment of many diseases, the purification of compounds produced by Fusarium oxysporum can be useful.

Successful management of bee sting induced Aspergillus fumigatus endophthalmitis and scleritis

Ocular bee stings are known to cause corneal melts, corneal infiltrates, cataracts, and secondary glaucoma. Our patient presented with scleritis, corneal infiltrates, and endophthalmitis after a ocular bee sting. Topical treatment led to resolution of anterior segment inflammation, but the scleritis and vitreous inflammation worsened. Vitrectomy with intravitreal antibiotics was done and scrapings from the scleral abscess showed growth of Aspergillus fumigatus on culture. Repeat vitrectomy with silicone oil was needed for retinal detachment. Oral and intravitreal antifungals led to resolution of inflammation with attached retina. This is the first reported case of bee sting-induced fungal endophthalmitis with scleritis.

Caspofungin-Mediated Growth Inhibition and Paradoxical Growth in Aspergillus fumigatus Involve Fungicidal Hyphal Tip Lysis Coupled with Regenerative Intrahyphal Growth and Dynamic Changes in β-1,3-Glucan Synthase Localization.

Caspofungin targets cell wall β-1,3-glucan synthesis and is the international consensus guideline-recommended salvage therapy for invasive aspergillosis. Although caspofungin is inhibitory at low concentrations, it exhibits a paradoxical effect (reversal of growth inhibition) at high concentrations by an undetermined mechanism. Treatment with caspofungin at either the growth-inhibitory concentration (0.5 μg/ml) or paradoxical growth-inducing concentration (4 μg/ml) for 24 h caused similar abnormalities, including wider, hyperbranched hyphae, increased septation, and repeated hyphal tip lysis, followed by regenerative intrahyphal growth. By 48 h, only hyphae at the colony periphery treated with the high caspofungin concentration displayed paradoxical growth. A similar high concentration of caspofungin also induced the paradoxical growth of Aspergillus fumigatus during human A549 alveolar cell invasion. Localization of the β-1,3-glucan synthase complex (Fks1 and Rho1) revealed significant differences between cells exposed to the growth-inhibitory and paradoxical growth-inducing concentrations of caspofungin. At both concentrations, Fks1 initially mislocalized from the hyphal tips to vacuoles. However, only continuous exposure to 4 μg/ml of caspofungin for 48 h led to recovery of the normal hyphal morphology with renewed localization of Fks1 to hyphal tips. Rho1 remained at the hyphal tip after treatment with both caspofungin concentrations but was required for paradoxical growth. Farnesol blocked paradoxical growth and relocalized Fks1 and Rho1 to vacuoles. Our results highlight the importance of regenerative intrahyphal growth as a rapid adaptation to the fungicidal lytic effects of caspofungin on hyphal tips and the dynamic localization of Fks1 as part of the mechanism for the caspofungin-mediated paradoxical response in A. fumigatus.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING, ANTIMICROBIAL AND CYTOTOXICITY STUDIES OF ETHANOL LEAF EXTRACT OF APHANIASENEGALENSIS (SAPINDACEAE).

Background:Aphania senegalensis (Sapindaceae) is commonly used in Senegalese traditional medicine to treat pain, inflammation, asthenia, bacterial and fungal infections.The aim of this study was to determine the type of phytochemical constituents present in the ethanol leaf extract and its antimicrobial activity against selected bacterial and fungal pathogens.Materials and Methods:The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis was evaluated for its cytotoxic effect in the MTT assay against Vero cells. Flavonoids and tannins were the main constituents of the ethanol leaf extract.Results:The extract inhibited the growth of the three fungal strains used in this study moderately with the lowest MIC obtained for Candida albicans (0.16 mg/mL). The extract also inhibited the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans with an MIC of 0.62 mg/mL. For bacterial pathogens, strong inhibition was obtained against Enterococcus faecalis (ATTC 29212) (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), while moderate inhibition was obtained for Escherichia coli (ATTC 25922) (MIC 0.16 mg/mL) and Staphylococcus aureus (ATTC 29213) (MIC 0.31mg/mL). The extract however did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATTC 27853) at the highest concentration (2.5 mg/ml) tested. The ethanol leaf extract of A. senegalensis had a higher cytotoxicity than berberine used as the positive control (LC50 2.67±0.04 µg/mL and 9.99±0.54 µg/mL respectively). The best selectivity index values was obtained for Enterococcus faecalis (SI = 1.24), followed by Escherichia coli (SI = 0.62) for bacterial pathogens and C. albicans (SI = 0.62) for fungal pathogens.Conclusion:The findings of this study suggest that the extracts may not be safe for use in animals infected by some pathogens.

Two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides from Cnicus benedictus

Two new sesquiterpene lactone glycosides, namely melitensin 15-O-β-D-glucoside (1) and 11β,13-dihydrosalonitenolide 15-O-β-D-glucoside (2), along with eight known compounds (3–10) were isolated from the aerial part of Cnicus benedictus L. Their structures were elucidated from analyses of extensive spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–6 all possessed an α-methyl-γ-lactone moiety. Moreover, compound 5 exhibited moderate activity against the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, with IC50 values of 17.67 μg mL−1.

PP - ASPERGILLOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH EXTRAVASATION OF ROOT-FILLING MATERIAL: A CASE REPORT

Aspergillus is a fungus commonly found in the environment. The spores can affect the maxillary sinus, through oral-sinusal communication resulting from dental procedures. We report a case of a female patient, 48 years old, leukoderma, with complain of pain in the right infraorbital area and frontal region after endodontic treatment of tooth 16. Computed tomography revealed the presence of opacification and thickening of the right maxillary sinus. The tooth 16 was extracted and a pathological specimen was collected from the apical area. Histopathological analysis revealed presence of fungal hyphae, compatible with Aspergillus. After surgery, patient had no more pain and presented full healing in the area. It has been suggested that the extrusion filling materials for root canal maxillary sinus may predispose to aspergillosis, since filling materials containing zinc oxide promotes the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus and can allow its proliferation and metabolism. This case report highlights the importance of investigating the possible causes of persistent chronic sinusitis as well evaluate endodontic procedures and presence of filling materials near the sinuses.

Renal Allograft Aspergillus Infection Presenting With Obstructive Uropathy: A Case Report

BackgroundIsolated renal allograft aspergillosis is rare and usually presents with fever and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Presentation with obstructive uropathy caused by aspergillus fungal balls is much less common. We report a young male patient who presented with obstructive uropathy secondary to isolated renal allograft aspergillus infection 6 weeks after transplant. He was treated with nephrectomy and antifungal medications. Case presentationA 29-year-old Saudi male patient had a recent living non-related kidney transplantation in Pakistan. Early Post-transplant course was complicated by acute cellular rejection (Banff Class IB) which was managed successfully with pulse steroid and anti-thymocyte globulin. The patient presented again to our emergency room on fortieth day post-transplant with a complaint of decreased urine output and passing white particles in his urine. This presentation was three Three weeks after treatment for cellular rejection, the urine fungal culture showed growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, and ultrasound imaging of the allograft kidney revealed mild to moderate hydronephrosis with echogenic materials within the renal pelvis. Biopsy of the transplanted kidney showed severe necrotizing granulomatous inflammation and fungal elements consistent with aspergillus species. The patient was given voriconazole as an antifungal agent and was weaned from immunosuppressive medication. The patient eventually required intermittent hemodialysis and underwent surgical allograft nephrectomy. ConclusionSuboptimal environmental and infection prevention and control precautions can explain this type of infection. It is important for clinicians to have a high index of suspicion and to investigate for fungal infection as a rare cause of obstructive uropathy in high-risk patients.

Isolated vocal cord aspergillosis in a professional flute player – A case report

Abstract Introduction Isolated vocal cord aspergillosis is an extremely rare clinical entity, especially in immunocompetent persons. It is usually seen as part of the systemic infections involving bronchopulmonary region in an immunocompromised patient. Differential diagnosis is important in this condition as clinical features are often simulating to the laryngeal malignancy or premalignant conditions. Aim Early identification and treatment of this rare isolated fungal lesion in the vocal cords prevent spread to other parts of the larynx and outside of the larynx. Case report In this case, a 35-year-old male flute player presented with primary aspergillosis of the vocal cords without affecting other parts of the airway. With the help of histopathological and microbial culture report, it was diagnosed and treated early. Results and discussion Video laryngoscope confirmed pale, whitish, irregular and thickened lesions involving the bilateral vocal cords, whereas histopathological examination showed colonization by both spores and broad septate hyphae without any evidence of malignant cells. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) staining and culture in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) revealed fungal growth with bluish green velvety and powdery surface confirmed the fungal growth of Aspergillus fumigatus . Conclusions An isolated fungal infection of the larynx is a rare clinical entity and often simulates a premalignant condition or squamous cell carcinoma. Early identification and treatment of this isolated fungal lesion in the vocal cords are important to prevent spread to other parts of the larynx and outside of the larynx.

Aspergillus fumigatus strain-specific host response is regulated by glucose sensing.

Abstract Our knowledge of how Aspergillus fumigatus growth is controlled within the respiratory tract is developing, but still enigmatic. Recruitment of neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes is critical to control fungal germination. We have recently found that the CEA10 and Af293 strains of A. fumigatus induce unique inflammatory leukocyte responses. Here, we aim to understand why these A. fumigatus strains induce different immune responses and how this affects fungal-induced immunopathology and disease outcome. We used an immunocompetent murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis to evaluate the immune response induced by CEA10 and Af293. We observed that CEA10 undergoes significantly greater germination than Af293, which was regulated by its ability to sense glucose through CreA-mediated signaling. Moreover, the CEA10 strain induced greater lung damage, vascular leakage, and inflammation. These findings suggest the inflammatory response to A. fumigatus might be regulated in a stepwise manner in response to the threat posed by the specific A. fumigatus strain. Specifically, the Af293 strain, which swells but fails to germinate, activates the inflammasome leading to IL-1beta-dependent neutrophil recruitment. In contrast, the CEA10 strain is able to germinate efficiently within the lung, leading to necrotic host cell death, IL-1alpha release, and subsequent IL-1alpha dependent neutrophil recruitment. Clinically, our data support the idea that A. fumigatus strain phenotypic variation may significantly contribute to disease outcomes. Understanding why different A. fumigatus strains induce distinct immune pathology can reveal novel immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of invasive aspergillosis.

New applications for known drugs: Human glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitors as modulators of Aspergillus fumigatus growth

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is one of the most severe forms of fungi infection. IA disease is mainly due to Aspergillus fumigatus, an air-borne opportunistic pathogen. Mortality rate caused by IA is still very high (50–95%), because of difficulty in early diagnostics and reduced antifungal treatment options, thus new and efficient drugs are necessary. The aim of this work is, using Aspergillus nidulans as non-pathogen model, to develop efficient drugs to treat IA.The recent discovered role of glycogen synthase kinase-3 homologue, GskA, in A. fumigatus human infection and our previous experience on human GSK-3 inhibitors focus our attention on this kinase as a target for the development of antifungal drugs.With the aim to identify effective inhibitors of colonial growth of A. fumigatus we use A. nidulans as an accurate model for in vivo and in silico studies. Several well-known human GSK-3β inhibitors were tested for inhibition of A. nidulans colony growth. Computational tools as docking studies and binding site prediction was used to explain the different biological profile of the tested inhibitors. Three of the five tested hGSK3β inhibitors are able to reduce completely the colonial growth by covalent bind to the enzyme. Therefore these compounds may be useful in different applications to eradicate IA.

Complex aspergilloma presenting as chronic dry cough: An unusual finding

The most common symptom of aspergilloma is hemoptysis. Dry cough is a rare symptom of aspergilloma. It is estimated that 10-20% of tubercular-healed cavities are colonized by fungus. The case report discusses persistent dry cough in a 30-year-old male. Radiograph of the chest revealed left upper zone infiltrates while contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the chest revealed classical Monad sign suggestive of aspergilloma. Diagnosis was confirmed by anti-Aspergillus antibodies (100 IU/ml) and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus in sputum fungal culture.

Effects of Iron Chelators on the Formation and Development of Aspergillus fumigatus Biofilm.

Iron acquisition is crucial for the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. A. fumigatus biofilm formation occurs in vitro and in vivo and is associated with physiological changes. In this study, we assessed the effects of Fe chelators on biofilm formation and development. Deferiprone (DFP), deferasirox (DFS), and deferoxamine (DFM) were tested for MIC against a reference isolate via a broth macrodilution method. The metabolic effects (assessed by XTT [2,3-bis[2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl]-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide inner salt]) on biofilm formation by conidia were studied upon exposure to DFP, DFM, DFP plus FeCl3, or FeCl3 alone. A preformed biofilm was exposed to DFP with or without FeCl3. The DFP and DFS MIC50 against planktonic A. fumigatus was 1,250 μM, and XTT gave the same result. DFM showed no planktonic inhibition at concentrations of ≤2,500 μM. By XTT testing, DFM concentrations of <1,250 μM had no effect, whereas DFP at 2,500 μM increased biofilms forming in A. fumigatus or preformed biofilms (P < 0.01). DFP at 156 to 2,500 μM inhibited biofilm formation (P < 0.01 to 0.001) in a dose-responsive manner. Biofilm formation with 625 μM DFP plus any concentration of FeCl3 was lower than that in the controls (P < 0.05 to 0.001). FeCl3 at ≥625 μM reversed the DFP inhibitory effect (P < 0.05 to 0.01), but the reversal was incomplete compared to the controls (P < 0.05 to 0.01). For preformed biofilms, DFP in the range of ≥625 to 1,250 μM was inhibitory compared to the controls (P < 0.01 to 0.001). FeCl3 at ≥625 μM overcame inhibition by 625 μM DFP (P < 0.001). FeCl3 alone at ≥156 μM stimulated biofilm formation (P < 0.05 to 0.001). Preformed A. fumigatus biofilm increased with 2,500 μM FeCl3 only (P < 0.05). In a strain survey, various susceptibilities of biofilms of A. fumigatus clinical isolates to DFP were noted. In conclusion, iron stimulates biofilm formation and preformed biofilms. Chelators can inhibit or enhance biofilms. Chelation may be a potential therapy for A. fumigatus, but we show here that chelators must be chosen carefully. Individual isolate susceptibility assessments may be needed.

In Vitro Antifungal Activity and Mode of Action of 2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone against Aspergillus fumigatus

2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone (2′,4′-DHC) was identified from a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)-targeting library as a compound with Hsp90 inhibitory and antifungal effects. In the presence of 2′,4′-DHC (8 μg/mL), radial growth of Aspergillus fumigatus was inhibited 20% compared to the control, and green pigmentation was completely blocked. The expression of the conidiation-associated genes abaA, brlA, and wetA was significantly decreased (approximately 3- to 5-fold) by treatment with 2′,4′- DHC. The expression of calcineurin signaling components, cnaA and crzA, was also significantly reduced. The inhibitory effects of 2′,4′-DHC on metabolic activity and mycelial growth were significantly enhanced by combination treatment with itraconazole and caspofungin. Docking studies indicated that 2′,4′-DHC bind to the ATPase domain of Hsp90. These results suggest that 2′,4′-DHC act as an Hsp90-calcinurin pathway inhibitor.

23 Seasonal variation in Aspergillus specific antibody levels – does weather influence exposure?

Objective ABPA is an important complication of pulmonary disease in CF patients, quoted as occurring in 5–15% of patients. We speculated that environmental exposure varies with weather conditions and so sought to look for variations in Aspergillus specific IgG level according to time of year and seasonality. Methods Of 282 adult CF patients, we selected the 152 (54%, mean age 29 years [range 18–69], 89 male) with heightened Aspergillus sensitivity ( Aspergillus specific IgG levels above the normal range (40 mg/ml)) and recorded these per month for the years 2009–2014. The exercise was repeated for those 48 patients with a clinical diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (mean age 29 years [18–57], 26 male; 32% of those with raised specific IgG). Results Aggregated results showed a trend towards higher Aspergillus specific IgG levels in the Spring months in both groups, when the weather in this part of the UK tends to be mild and wet. Conclusion The increased sensitivity to Aspergillus in CF patients in the mild and wet Spring months suggest that these conditions favour the growth of Aspergillus fumigatus . This would suggest that we might see a rise in symptomatic ABPA at this time of year, and explain why we have higher than quoted proportion of CF patients with ABPA.

An Adenoviral Vector Encoding Full-Length Dectin-1 Promotes Aspergillus-Induced Innate Immune Response in Macrophages

The incidence of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) has increased significantly over the last two decades. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) represent the first line of pulmonary host response to Aspergillus conidia. Recognition of conidia by AMs involves Dectin-1 (CLEC7A), which is a conserved structure to combine β-glucans. The deficiency of Dectin-1 results in impaired fungal killing and uncontrolled growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. Thus, we hypothesized that high expression of Dectin-1 would enhance the host recognition and fungal killing. We set out to develop an adenoviral vector encoding full-length Dectin-1 (Ad-Dectin-1-EGFP) and then transfect it to MH-S cells. Transfect cell model was verified by using real-time RT-PCR, Western blot, flow cytometric, and confocal microscopic assays. And also, the function of Dectin-1 was explored by measuring cytokine release and killing ability during the course of A. fumigatus infection. We constructed a recombinant adenovirus which could upregulate the expression of Dectin-1 and verified that Dectin-1 was expressed on cell membrane. The function of Dectin-1 was also demonstrated by its ability in promoting the production of cytokines and increasing the killing ability during the course of A. fumigatus infection. An adenoviral vector was successfully applied to the production of a recombinant adenovirus encoding full-length Dectin-1, and also, its function in Aspergillus-induced innate immune response was demonstrated.

Long-Term Pulmonary Infections in Heart Transplant Recipients

Pulmonary infections are life-threatening complications in heart transplant recipients. Our aim was to evaluate long-term pulmonary infections and the effect of prophylactic antimicrobial strategies on time of occurrence of pulmonary infections in heart transplant recipients. Patients who underwent heart transplantation between 2003 and 2013 at Baskent University were reviewed. Demographic information and data about immunosuppression and infectious episodes were collected. In 82 heart transplant recipients (mean age, 33.85 y; 58 male and 24 female), 13 recipients (15.8%) developed pulmonary infections (mean age, 44.3 y; 9 male and 4 female). There were 12 patients who had dilated cardiomyopathy and 1 patient who had myocarditis before heart transplantation; 12 patients received immunosuppressive therapy in single or combination form. Pulmonary infections developed in the first month (1 patient), from first to third month (6 patients), from third to sixth month (1 patient), and > 6 months after transplantation (5 patients). Chest computed tomography showed consolidation (unilateral, 9 patients; bilateral, 4 patients). Multiple nodular consolidations were observed in 2 patients and a cavitary lesion was detected in 1 patient. Bronchoscopy was performed in 6 patients; 3 patients had Aspergillus fumigatus growth in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and 2 patients had Acinetobacter baumannii growth in sputum. Treatment was empiric antibiotics (6 patients), antifungal drugs (5 patients), and both antibiotics and antifungal drugs (2 patients); treatment period was 1-12 months in patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Pulmonary infections are the most common cause of mortality in heart transplant recipients. A. fumigatus is the most common opportunistic pathogen. Heart transplant recipients with fever and cough should be evaluated for pulmonary infections, and invasive pulmonary aspergillosis should be suspected if these symptoms occur within the first 3 months. Immediately starting an empiric antibiotic is important in treating pulmonary infections in heart transplant recipients.

Aspergillus Spondylodiscitis in an Immunocompetent Patient following Spinal Anesthesia

.Aspergillusspecies,whicharenormalinhabitantsof therespiratory tract, are commonly responsible for fungalspondylodiscitis. These fungi invade the spine when theimmune status of the host is compromised such as in organtransplant patients, patients on chronic steroid treatment orpatientsreceivingchemotherapy

Pleural Aspergillosis in an otherwise healthy individual.

Pleural Aspergillosis is a rare entity, with most of the cases occurring on a background of lung disease or surgery. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy who developed pleural Aspergillosis in the absence of any obvious pre-disposing factors. Patient presented with fever, dry cough and left sided chest discomfort of 6 weeks duration. A chest radiograph revealed features of the left pyopneumothorax. Despite being started on presumptive antituberculous treatment and intercostal drainage his symptoms failed to resolve. The sputum and pus were then subjected to fungal smears and culture, which indicated growth of Aspergillus fumigatus. We report this case in view of the extreme rarity of pleural Aspergillosis occurring in a young healthy individual with no evidence of prior lung pathology. Furthermore, the source of infection was traced back to a very unusual possible focus – a decayed tooth infected with A. fumigatus, thus making the case even more interesting.

Mixed Infection of an Atypical Mycobacterium and Aspergillus Following a Cryopreserved Fat Graft to a Face

We report a chronic infection of a patient who received a cryopreserved fat graft on her face. A 22-year-old female patient presented with multiple abscesses of her face. Four months previously, she received a second fat graft with the fat harvested at a previous surgery which was cryopreserved for 2 months. On examination, she had tender erythematous nodules on both cheeks. A computed tomography of her neck showed multiple peripheral enhancing nodular lesions. In an open pus fungus culture, Aspergillus fumigatus growth was observed. On the Mycobacterium Other Than Tuberculosis identification PCR, Mycobacterium fortuitum was found. She was treated with levofloxacin, clarithromycin, and minocycline for 11 months, and finally the symptoms subsided. To avoid infection after the fat graft, cryopreserved fat should not be used as a possible grafting material. In cases of persistent infection, or in cases of waxes and gains after drainage of pus and short-term antibiotics therapy, atypical Mycobacterium or Aspergillus should be suspected and a PCR for them should be carried out.

Anti-hyphal formation property of allicin in suppression of Aspergillus fumigatus growth

Aims: The aim of this study was to examine whether allicin, a compound derived from fresh garlic, leads to growth inhibition and changes in the ultrastructure of the cell surface on medically important filamentous fungi, particularly Aspergillus fumigatus. Methodology and results: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of allicin in A. fumigatus ATCC 36607 was determined by broth microdilution method according to the CLSI M38-A2 documents whereby the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined by plating suspensions from visibly clear wells onto Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). Morphological changes on cell surface were observed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) after 48 h incubation with allicin. In addition, time kill assay was conducted by incubating A. fumigatus at selected time points within 24 h period. Our finding indicated that the MIC and MFC for allicin were both 3.2 µg/mL. Quantitative data for optical density obtained through microplate reader indicated that p<0.05 at MIC value in comparison with untreated control. Observation of allicin-treated cells through SEM demonstrated complete abrogation of hyphae formation at 3.2 µg/mL and reduced mycelial growth at 1.6 µg/mL of allicin. This finding revealed anti-hyphal activity of allicin at 3.2 µg/mL. When A. fumigatus was incubated with 3.2 µg/mL allicin in the time course assay, the inhibitory effect of allicin was evident after 12 h incubation. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Our finding strongly implied that allicin exerts its antifungal activity against A. fumigatus via inhibiting the fungal cell proliferation as well as hindering transformation of the conidia into hyphae. Thus, this study depicted potential antifungal property of allicin to be used as alternative therapy to alleviate invasive fungal infection caused by A. fumigatus.