Growth Of Ag Nanoparticles Research Articles

A Combinatorial Study Investigating the Growth of Ultrasmall Embedded Silver Nanoparticles upon Thermal Annealing.

Ultrasmall nanoparticles (NPs) with a high active surface area are essential for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. However, the structural stability and sustainability of these ultrasmall NPs at higher temperatures remain a critical problem. Here, we have synthesized the nanocomposites (NCs) of Ag NPs inside the silica matrix using the atom beam co-sputtering technique. The post-deposition growth of the embedded Ag NPs is systematically investigated at a wide range of annealing temperatures (ATs). A novel, fast, and effective procedure, correlating the experimental (UV-vis absorption results) and theoretical (quantum mechanical modeling, QMM) results, is used to estimate the size of NPs. The QMM-based simulation, employed for this work, is found to be more accurate in reproducing the absorption spectra over the classical/modified Drude model, which fails to predict the expected shift in the LSPR for ultrasmall NPs. Unlike the classical Drude model, the QMM incorporates the intraband transition of the conduction band electrons to calculate the effective dielectric function of metallic NCs, which is the major contribution of LSPR shifts for ultrasmall NPs. In this framework, a direct comparison is made between experimentally and theoretically observed LSPR peak positions, and it is observed that the size of NPs grows from 3 to 18 nm as AT increases from room temperature to 900 °C. Further, in situ grazing-incidence small- & wide-angle X-ray scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements are employed to comprehend the growth of Ag NPs and validate the UV + QMM results. We demonstrate that, unlike chemically grown NPs, the embedded Ag NPs ensure greater stability in size and remain in an ultrasmall regime up to 800 °C, and beyond this temperature, the size of NPs increases exponentially due to dominant Ostwald ripening. Finally, a three-stage mechanism is discussed to understand the process of nucleation and growth of the silica-embedded Ag NPs.

Dual-path inscription of plasmonic nano-Ag moiré fringes.

Construction of moiré surface patterns has attracted considerable attention due to the fascinating function of photoelectric manipulation. Holographic inscription offers superposition of two or more sinusoidal gratings to form moiré structures. However, the current material platforms primarily depend on a single process of photoinduced physical property change to build up multicomponent gratings. Herein, we demonstrate a strategy of bidirectional photochemical reaction on mesoporous TiO2 matrices to form plasmonic nano-Ag moiré fringes. This consists of a photoreduction grating from in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and a photooxidation grating utilizing the Schottky interface of Ag/TiO2. The pattern obtained under the superposition of double spatial frequencies exhibits non-equidistant moiré fringes. This Letter provides a pathway for implementing complex surface structures.

Unraveling compensation between electron transfer and strain in Ni-Ag-MoS2 photocatalyst

Despite the boom in catalytic response via constructing interfaces, understanding interfaces’ interaction in heterostructures is still a paradox. In this work, the interaction of Ni with MoS2 in Ni-Ag-MoS2 heterostructure are unveiled through synchrotron X-PEEM and what’s more, the missing interaction mechanism at the Ag-MoS2 interface is probed via Raman mapping. The observed competition between the downshift of the E2g1 and A1g modes due to charge carrier injection and the upshift of the E2g1 and A1g modes due to compressive strain during reverse laser power experiment is assigned to the non-uniform growth of Ag nanoparticles, their intimate contact with MoS2, and Ag intercalated layered MoS2. The substantial improvement of the H2 yield of the Ni-Ag-MoS2 (∼55 μmol h−1 g−1) over the pristine MoS2 and the binary Ag-MoS2 evidence successful bonding of Ni, Ag and MoS2. This study highlights the importance of considering both electronic coupling and strain to optically tune electromechanical properties of MoS2.

Three-dimensional inverted-cone PDA-Ag nanoparticles array with highly-sensitive SERS performance

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology can realize ultra-sensitive quantitative analysis and detection of analytes, but how to simply prepare SERS active substrates with high sensitivity and high uniformity is still a huge challenge. Herein, we take advantage of the characteristic that dopamine can form polydopamine (PDA) coating on the surface of complex shape, the uniform and ordered V-shaped AAO template was modified by PDA. Then, the modified AAO template was immersed in AgNO3 solution, and the reduction of Ag+ by PDA and the uniformity of AAO template were utilized to make the Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) uniformly reduced and grow into the V-shaped AAO template holes. In addition, the reduction growth of AgNPs on AAO template was accelerated by irradiation with 365 nm UV light, and the size and gap of AgNPs could be regulated by illumination time, thus obtaining a highly efficient, uniform and ordered 3D inverted-cone nano-cascade structure that could be regulated. The R6G molecule was selected to measure its sensitivity and homogeneity, relative standard deviation (RSD) value of Raman intensity at 1354 cm−1 mode of R6G molecules (with concentration of 10−6 M) was 3.85%, indicating homogeneity and good near-field enhancement of AAO-PDA-Ag substrate. This paper provides a simple, low-cost, popular and stable preparation method of SERS substrate, which provides a practical example for further improving the sensitivity of SERS technology.

Upconversion‐Enabled In Situ Growth of Silver Nanostructures Mediated by Cavity Resonance in Single Microrod

Solution-based photochemical reaction is widely utilized in the syntheses of metallic nanocrystals. Although seedless photochemical reaction can avoid pre-treatments, it relies on long, high-energy radiation. Here, this work demonstrates an upconversion-enabled seedless photochemical approach to synthesize grating-like silver nanostructures on a hexagonal NaYF4 microrod via a near-infrared laser excitation. Experimental results show that upconversion emission enables the nucleation and growth of Ag nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the emission can be also precisely tuned and enhanced by in situ growth of silver nanoparticles on the NaYF4 and NaYF4@SiO2 microrods. The maximum enhancement factor of 2 in overall emissions is achieved for the NaYF4@SiO2 microrod. This fabrication approach and results visually confirm the cavity resonance of excitation light inside the microrod via the distribution of Ag nanostructures. Moreover, the in situ grown Ag nanostructures provide a tunable far-field upconversion emission via the plasmonic effect, which is potentially useful for tunable microlasers, biosensing, antibacterial, and catalytic applications.

Changed pattern of SERS hotspots by Ag nanoparticle growth under magnetic field for biomarker detection

Changed pattern of SERS hotspots by Ag nanoparticle growth under magnetic field for biomarker detection

A Multilayer Interlaced Ag Nanosheet Film Prepared by an Electrodeposition Method on a PPy@PEDOT:PSS Film: A Strategy to Prepare Sensitive Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrates.

A highly sensitive multilayer interlaced silver (Ag) nanosheet (MISN) film was prepared on a PPy@PEDOT:PSS film via an electrodeposition method for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications. After the PPy@PEDOT:PSS film was pretreated with ascorbic acid solution, many sparse Ag nanoparticles (NPs) could be directly reduced on the surface of the PPy@PEDOT:PSS film in AgNO3 solution. Then, the MISN film was directionally grown along the surface of sparse Ag NPs by using an electrochemical galvanostatic method to form a Ag/PPy@PEDOT:PSS film for a SERS substrate. The results indicated that with the increase in electrodeposition time, the density of Ag nanosheets was also increased for boosting the SERS effect. Accordingly, owing to the directional growth of Ag NPs, the increase in the length–width ratio of single Ag nanosheets would further promote the SERS signal of the substrate. Moreover, the maximum enhancement factor of the SERS substrate could reach to 12,478, and the minimum limit of detection of melamine solution was down to 5.42 ng/mL. The SERS sensitivity of the Ag nanosheet film reached 100.65. This method of preparing the SERS substrate provides a novel and robust strategy for the low-cost and high-sensitivity detection in biomedicine, drugs, and food.

Optical microstructures based on surface-selective growth of Ag nanoparticles on thermally poled soda-lime glass

Glass is important as a substrate for coatings in a wide range of applications or as a substrate for the fabrication of optical micro/nano structures. Coating by wet chemistry methods often demands modifications of the glass surface properties involving several steps. In addition, the micro/nano structuring is usually a several-step process. New methods that are simpler and more efficient are being proposed. One of them is glass poling that has been used to obtain surface relief on glass and, together with electric field assisted dissolution, for metal nanostructures in glass/metal systems. In this work, we demonstrate that poling increases the susceptibility of the glass surface for coating with Ag nanoparticles synthesized in situ by silver salt reduction. It is shown that a selectively poled glass surface can be used as a template to obtain optical microstructures consisting of Ag nanoparticles in only three simple steps. As a proof-of-concept, the method is used to fabricate diffraction gratings with an optical response that can be tuned by adjusting the Ag concentration. This approach is more versatile than the standard structuring by electric field assisted dissolution, as it does not require application of an elevated temperature once the coating is formed, which might change or destroy the properties of the thermally sensitive coating species or morphologies.

Optimizing and improving the growth of Ag nanoparticles decorated on the silicon pyramid for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

This study demonstrates a simple method to fabricate the silicon pyramid on the silicon substrate via a chemical etching method. The chemical etching process with different reaction conditions plays an essential role in controlling the growth of uniform and large silicon pyramids. The silicon pyramid can provide suitable geometric structures to deposit silver nanoparticles with better anti-aggregation stability to apply surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates via the ion-sputtering method. The appropriate silicon pyramid and silver nanoparticles sizes were optimized to produce the most significant SERS effect in the rhodamine 6G molecule. The silicon pyramid exhibited better morphology for the deposition of uniform-sized silver nanoparticles, facilitating the fabrication of high-performance SERS substrate to detect different drugs. The fabrication of silver nanoparticles decorated on the silicon pyramid is facile, of high reproducibility, which shall be advantageous in applications for detecting other molecules via SERS.

Mussel-inspired fabrication of superhydrophobic cellulose-based paper for the integration of excellent antibacterial activity, effective oil/water separation and photocatalytic degradation

Oily wastewater and organic dye wastewater discharged from modern industry have given rise to serious environmental pollution problem. Noticeably, the integration of superhydrophobicity and photocatalysis provides a facile and efficient way to address these issues. Inspired by mussel-chemistry, we fabricated a multifunctional paper through polydopamine (PDA)-induced in situ growth of Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) on paper surface followed by treatment with n-dodecyl mercaptan (n-DM). The resultant paper (PDA@Ag@n-DM) not only exhibited superhydrophobicity, but also displayed excellent antibacterial activity attributing to synergetic effect from bacterial adhesion resistance and photocatalytic bactericidal action. The PDA@Ag@n-DM paper showed good oil absorption capability, excellent separation properties for oil-water mixtures and water-in-oil emulsions, and obvious photocatalytic degradation ability for organic dye under visible light irradiation. Moreover, the PDA@Ag@n-DM paper presented enhanced mechanical, environmental and chemical stability. We believed that the as-prepared multifunctional paper will have great application promising in oily wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

CO2-responsive functional cotton fibers decorated with Ag nanoparticles for “smart” selective and enhanced dye adsorption

Novel Ag nanoparticles (NPs) decorated CO2-responsive cotton fiber (PCCF@Ag) as eco-friendly adsorbent was prepared via in-situ growth of Ag NPs on the poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate-co-4-acryloyloxybenzophenone) coated cotton fiber. The as-prepared PCCF@Ag displayed excellent adsorption performance toward both anionic and cationic dyes with or without CO2 stimulation, even under a wide range of pH from 3 to 11. The maximum adsorption capacities of the as-prepared PCCF@Ag toward anionic dye (1538.5 mg g−1 for MO) and cationic dyes (944.0 mg g−1 for MEB and 415.6 mg g−1 for NR) were satisfactory. The adsorption processes were described better by the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. Notably, upon CO2 stimulation, the PCCF@Ag exhibited significantly enhanced adsorption capacity toward anionic dyes, following ultrafast adsorption rate, which made the PCCF@Ag could selectively adsorb anionic dyes from mixture because of greatly different adsorption rates between anionic dyes (adsorption equilibrium within 2 min) and cationic dyes (adsorption equilibrium over 12 h). Additionally, the PCCF@Ag could maintain over 91.0% of adsorption capacity even after ten cycles, indicating its outstanding reusability. Meanwhile, the as-obtained PCCF@Ag exhibited excellent antibacterial activity. Overall, the as-obtained PCCF@Ag could be considered as a promising dye scavenger for wastewater remediation.

The role of graphene oxide and its reduced form in the in situ photocatalytic growth of silver nanoparticles on graphene-TiO2 nanocomposites

Graphene oxide or reduced graphene oxide-TiO2 (TGO or TRGO) nanocomposites were decorated with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the photoreduction method. The photocatalytic growth of AgNPs on TGO and TRGO nanocomposites was compared, while keeping the other parameters (i.e., thickness, chemical composition, crystalline structure and the percentage of an area of TiO2 covered by GO or RGO flakes) unchanged. The morphology, structure and chemical composition of TGO-Ag or TRGO-Ag nanocomposites were investigated with the use of SEM-EDS, XPS and Raman spectroscopy. AgNPs were found to be distributed on the surface of TiO2 and on GO or RGO flakes. In-depth research undertaken to explain the effect of GO or RGO used in nanocomposites with TiO2 on the growth of AgNPs showed that there were considerable differences in size and distribution of AgNPs grown on TiO2 and on GO/RGO areas covering TiO2. In addition, the number (n) and size (d) of AgNPs on TGO (n = 37AgNPs/µm2; d = 29 ± 3 nm) or TRGO (n = 34AgNPs/µm2; d = 32 ± 3 nm) do not differ significantly. The theoretical calculations of the weight of silver deposited on the same sample showed that the mass of silver was, on average, twice as high on both types of graphene (9.1(TGO) and 11.2(TRGO) pg/µm2) as on TiO2 (4.8(TGO) and 5.7(TRGO) pg/µm2).

Effects of Sub-Micro Sized BaTiO3 Blocking Particles and Ag-Deposited Nano-Sized BaTiO3 Hybrid Particles on Dielectric Properties of Poly(vinylidene-fluoride) Polymer.

This work provided an alternative route to balance the significantly increased dielectric permittivity (ε′) and effectively retained tanδ using an effective two-step concept. Ag-deposited nano-sized BaTiO3 (Ag-nBT) hybrid particle was used as the first filler to increase the ε′ of the poly(vinylidene-fluoride) (PVDF) polymer via the strong interfacial polarization and a high permittivity of nBT and suppress the increased loss tangent (tanδ) owing to the discrete growth of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of nBT, preventing a continuous percolating path. The ε′ and tanδ values at 103 Hz of the Ag-nBT/PVDF composite with fAg-nBT~0.29 were 61.7 and 0.036. The sub-micron-sized BaTiO3 (μBT) particle was selected as the blocking particles to doubly reduce the tanδ with simultaneously enhanced ε′ due to the presence of the tetragonal BT phase. The μBT blocking particles can effectively further inhibit the formation of conducting network and hence further reducing tanδ. By incorporation of μBT clocking particles with fμBT = 0.2, the ε′ value of the Ag-nBT/PVDF-μBT composite (fAg-nBT = 0.30) can significantly increase to 161.4, while the tanδ was reduced to 0.026. Furthermore, the tanδ was lower than 0.09 in the temperature range of −60–150 °C due to the blocking effect of μBT particles.

Computational Appraisal of Silver Nanocluster Evolution on Epitaxial Graphene: Implications for CO Sensing.

Early stages of silver nucleation on a two-dimensional (2D) substrate, here, monolayer epitaxial graphene (MEG) on SiC, play a critical role in the formation of application-specific Ag nanostructures. Therefore, it is of both fundamental and practical importance to investigate the growth steps when Ag adatoms start to form a new phase. In this work, we exploit density functional theory to study the kinetics of early-stage nuclei Agn (n = 1–9) assembly of Ag nanoparticles on MEG. We find that the Ag1 monomer tends to occupy hollow site positions of MEG and interacts with the surface mainly through weak dispersion forces. The pseudoepitaxial growth regime is revealed to dominate the formation of the planar silver clusters. The adsorption and nucleation energies of Agn clusters exhibit evident odd–even oscillations with cluster size, pointing out the preferable adsorption and nucleation of odd-numbered clusters on MEG. The character of the interaction between a chemisorbed Ag3 cluster and MEG makes it possible to consider this trimer as the most stable nucleus for the subsequent growth of Ag nanoparticles. We reveal the general correlation between Ag/MEG interaction and Ag–Ag interaction: with increasing cluster size, the interaction between Ag adatoms increases, while the Ag/MEG interaction decreases. The general trend is also supported by the results of charge population analysis, according to which the average charge per Ag adatom in a Agn cluster demonstrates a drastic decrement with cluster size increase. 2D–3D structural transition in Agn clusters was investigated. We anticipate that the present investigation is beneficial by providing a better understanding of the early-stage nucleation of Ag nanoparticles on MEG at the atomic scale. Specific interaction between odd-numbered Ag clusters preadsorbed onto the MEG surface and carbon monoxide (CO) as well as clusters’ stability at 300 K is discussed in terms of sensing applications.

Front Cover: Facile Surfactant‐, Reductant‐, and Ag Salt‐free Growth of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Size from 35 to 660 nm on Bulk Ag Materials (Chem. Asian J. 16/2021)

Front Cover: Facile Surfactant‐, Reductant‐, and Ag Salt‐free Growth of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Size from 35 to 660 nm on Bulk Ag Materials (Chem. Asian J. 16/2021)

Facile Surfactant‐, Reductant‐, and Ag Salt‐free Growth of Ag Nanoparticles with Controllable Size from 35 to 660 nm on Bulk Ag Materials

Morphologically and dimensionally controlled growth of Ag nanocrystals has long been plagued by surfactants or capping agents that complicate downstream applications, unstable Ag salts that impaired the reproducibility, and multistep seed injection that is troublesome and time-consuming. Here, we report a one-pot electro-chemical method to fast (∼2 min) produce Ag nanoparticles from commercial bulk Ag materials in a nitric acid solution, eliminating any need for surfactants or capping agents. Their size can be easily manipulated in an unprecedentedly wide range from 35 to 660 nm. Furthermore, the Ag nanoparticles are directly grown on the Ag substrate, highly desirable for promising applications such as catalysis and plasmonics. The mechanistic studies reveal that the concentration of Ag+ in the diffusion layer nearby the surface, controlled by the magnitude and duration of voltage, is critical in governing the nanoparticle formation (<1.3 mM) and its dimensional adjustability.

Influence of Co contents on the microstructure and SERS performance of self-formed Ag nanoparticles/Ag-Co alloy films on flexible substrates

Self-formed Ag nanoparticles/Ag-Co alloy films with various Co contents were fabricated by sputtering Ag-Co composite target. Effects of Co contents in Ag-Co films on the microstructure and SERS performance of nanoparticles/alloy films were thoroughly investigated through SEM, TEM and Raman spectrometer. Amorphous Co in Ag-Co films restricted the growth of Ag grains in the films and promoted the formation and growth of Ag nanoparticles on the film’s surface. The size and number of Ag nanoparticles grown on the surface were closely related to Co contents in Ag-Co films, Ag-Co film thicknesses and annealing temperatures. Ag nanoparticles/Ag-Co films covered with Ag layers performed ultra-sensitive Raman signals due to forming abundant active hot spots. This flexible SERS substrate could detect 10−12 mol/L Rhodamine 6G (R6G), which indicated that this novel type of Ag nanoparticles/Ag-Co alloy films could be used and applied as high-efficient SERS substrates.

Representation of Vivid Colors of Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, and Green in Ag Deposition-Based Plasmonic Electrochromic Device By Precise Control of Shape and Density of Deposited Ag Nanoparticles

Ag nanoparticles exhibit various colors depending on their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Based on this phenomenon, Ag deposition-based electrochromic devices can represent various optical states in a single device such as the three primary colors (cyan, magenta, and yellow), silver mirror, black and transparent.1 A control of the morphology of Ag nanoparticles can lead to dramatic changes in color, as their size and shape influence the LSPR band. For this purpose, the “voltage-step method” was applied to a Ag deposition-based EC device to obtain multiple colors by shifting the LSPR band. In this method, two different voltages are successively applied : the first voltage V 1 is applied for a very short time t 1 to initiate Ag nucleation, and the second voltage V 2 is applied for a time t 2 to promote growth of the Ag nuclei. As V 2 is more positive than the nucleation voltage, further nucleation is no longer possible during t 2. Therefore, the Ag nanoparticle growth and the resultant device color can be controlled by changing t 2.In this study2, we aimed to improve the color quality of Ag deposition-based multicolor EC devices by precisely controlling the supply of Ag+ ions to the electrode surface. Initially, the effect of coloration by decreasing the concentration of Ag+ ions in the Ag deposition-based EC device was investigated. As a result of optimizing the driving voltage, a lower concentration device (10 mM Ag+ ion) showed vivid and bright colors of cyan and magenta. This improvement was due to the generation of fine Ag nanoparticles and the prevention of the connection of Ag particles. From the electrochemical investigation, it was suggested that the slow supply rate of Ag+ ions in the lower concentration device induced electrochemical deposition of fine and isolated Ag nanoparticles.Consequently, to obtain more uniformly deposited Ag nanoparticles, the nucleation voltage of V 1 was set to a lower voltage in the 10 mM device. As a result, spherical Ag nanoparticles were successfully obtained, and the device showed yellow and green colors. By comparing the LSPR behavior of the device with that of Ag nanoparticles dispersed in solution and using FDTD calculations, the mechanism of the yellow and green colors was investigated in detail. Thus, it indicated that the yellow coloration with an absorption band in the 400–500 nm region was caused by LSPR absorption of isolated spherical Ag nanoparticles. Furthermore, it was also observed that the coexistence of isolated spherical particles and aggregations of Ag nanoparticles induced two types of LSPR bands, leading to a good green color. References A.Tsuboi, K.Nakamura and N.Kobayashi, Chem. Mater., 2014, 26, 6477-6485S.Kimura, T.Sugita, K.Nakamura and N. Kobayashi, Nanoscale, 2020 (in press)

Graphdiyne‐Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (e‐CO2RR) into high‐value chemicals is a promising approach for sustainable energy research, but there remains a great challenge to develop efficient and stable catalysts. Herein, in situ synthesized uniform Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) directly growing on the surface of 2D graphdiyne (GDY) for selectively reducing CO2 to CO with high efficiency and stability are reported. Due to the special electronic distribution of GDY, it not only serves as a template for the growth of AgNPs to prevent its aggregation, but also increases active sites and transformation of electrons through the intimate interaction between phase interface to enhance their cooperative catalytic effect, which highly improves the electrocatalytic performance of the nanocomposite. Through investigations, it is found that the Ag/GDY/CC nanocomposite electrochemically reduces CO2 to CO with Faraday efficiency up to 92.1% and current density of 25.74 mA/cm2 at the potential of −1.3 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Meanwhile, during catalysis, the Ag/GDY/CC composite maintains excellent stability with a high current density of ≈26 mA/cm2 (threefold higher than that of Ag/CC), unchanged for over 24 h. To the best knowledge, herein, the first experimental study of an efficient CO2 reduction electrocatalyst based on GDY is represented.

Silver nanoparticles enhanced photoluminescence and the spectroscopic performances of Nd3+ ions in sodium lanthanum borate glass host: Effect of heat treatment

Silver nanoparticles (NPs) impact on the emission attributes of Nd3+ activated Na2O–La2O3–B2O3 vitreous host matrix has been studied and discussed in detail. The effect of nucleation and growth of Ag NPs occurred due to the different heat–treatment durations at the temperature of 450 °C has been discussed. Transmission electron microscopy measurement revealed the formation of spherically shaped Ag NPs in the studied samples. The median Ag NPs size was increased from 2 to 9 nm with heat–treatment durations. Utilizing the absorption spectra of Nd3+ ions, the phenomenological Judd–Ofelt (J–O) parameters (Ωλ= 2, 4, 6) were estimated. The optimized luminescence intensity at 1056 and 875 nm have realized for 10 h of annealing at 450 °C, with an enhancement factor of 160%. Moreover, the quantum efficiency for 1056 nm increased steadily with the heat–treatment duration. The stimulated emission cross–section and gain bandwidth for 1056 nm laser transition has shown to be 2.92 × 10−20 cm2 and 9.19 × 10−26 cm3 for the Ag NPs embedded glass–composite. The results exemplifies the suitability of Ag NPs embedded glass–composites for the fabrication of compact solid–state infrared lasers.