Growth Of Mobile Computing Research Articles

The BLV App Arcade: a new curated repository and evaluation rubric for mobile applications supporting blindness and low vision

Purpose Visual impairment-related disabilities have become increasingly pervasive. Current reports estimate a total of 36 million persons with blindness and 217 million persons with moderate to severe visual impairment worldwide. Assistive technologies (AT), including text-to-speech software, navigational/spatial guides, and object recognition tools have the capacity to improve the lives of people with blindness and low vision. However, access to such AT is constrained by high costs and implementation barriers. More recently, expansive growth in mobile computing has enabled many technologies to be translated into mobile applications. As a result, a marketplace of accessibility apps has become available, yet no framework exists to facilitate navigation of this voluminous space. Materials and Methods We developed the BLV (Blind and Low Vision) App Arcade: a fun, engaging, and searchable curated repository of app AT broken down into 11 categories spanning a wide variety of themes from entertainment to navigation. Additionally, a standardized evaluation metric was formalized to assess each app in five key dimensions: reputability, privacy, data sharing, effectiveness, and ease of use/accessibility. In this paper, we describe the methodological approaches, considerations, and metrics used to find, store and score mobile applications. Conclusion The development of a comprehensive and standardized database of apps with a scoring rubric has the potential to increase access to reputable tools for the visually impaired community, especially for those in low- and middle-income demographics, who may have access to mobile devices but otherwise have limited access to more expensive technologies or services.

Investigating the occurrence of selfie-based emotional contagion over social network

Happiness is obviously one of the most fundamental essence that affects many aspects of our lives. Past research found that happiness of one person affects that of other people. What occurs under this propagation of emotion is called “emotional contagion,” a phenomenon wherein through perception, people experience the same emotion expressed by someone when communicating with them. Although online communication is increasing due to growth of mobile computing, emotional contagion on online communication is not well studied yet. Particularly, it is not yet clear if emotional contagion among people occurs through selfie photographs posted on the social network media. We implemented “SmileWave,” the social networking system for investigating selfie-based emotional contagion. The key feature of SmileWave is detecting “smile degree” in user’s posting selfies and in reactive facial expressions when the user is viewing the posted photographs from others. Our in-the-wild user studies with 38 participants for 2 weeks revealed the occurrence of selfie-based emotional contagion over the social network, based on the results that the users’ smile degree improved (15% on average) when the user looked at posted selfie photographs.

Client Aware Scalable Cloudlet to Augment Edge Computing with Mobile Cloud Migration Service

<p class="0abstract">Computing with mobile is still in its infancy due to its limitations of computational power, battery lifetime and storage capacity. These limitations hinder the growth of mobile computing, which in-turn affects the growth of computationally intensive applications developed for the mobile devices. So in-order to help execute complex applications within the mobile device, mobile cloud computing (MCC) emerged as a feasible solution. The job of offloading the task to the cloud data center for storage and execution from the mobile seems to gain popularity, however, issues related to network bandwidth, loss of mobile data connectivity, and connection setup does not augment well to extend the benefits offered by MCC. Cloudlet servers filled this gab by assisting the mobile cloud environment as an edge device, offering compute power to the connected devices with high speed wireless LAN connectivity. Implementation constraints of cloudlet faces severe challenges in-terms of its storage, network sharing, and VM provisioning. Moreover, the number of connected devices of the cloudlet and its load conditions vary drastically leading to unexpected bottleneck, in which case the availability to server becomes an issue. Therefore, a scalable cloudlet, Client Aware Scalable Cloudlet (CASC) is proposed with linear regression analysis, predicting the knowledge of expected load conditions for provisioning new virtual machines and to perform resource migration.</p>

Privacy Preserving Location-Based Client-Server Service Using Standard Cryptosystem

Location-Based Mobile Services (LBMS) is rapidly gaining ground and becoming increasingly popular, because of the variety of efficient and personalized services it offers. However, if users are not guaranteed their privacy and there is no assurance of genuineness of server's response, the use of these services would be rendered useless and could deter its growth in mobile computing. This paper aims to provide confidentiality and integrity for communication that occurs between users and location service providers. A practical system that guarantees a user's privacy and integrity of server's response, using a cryptographic scheme with no trusted intermediary, is provided. This scheme also employs the use of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms to ensure secure message and key transfer. In order to overcome the problem of computational complexities with these algorithms, AES-256 is used to encrypt the message and user's location. Several researches have been done in this category but there is still no system that checks the integrity of server's response. The proposed scheme is resistant to a range of susceptible attacks, because it provides a detailed security analysis and, when compared with related work, shows that it can actually guarantee privacy and integrity with faster average response time and higher throughput in LBMS.

Deployment of Fog Computing During Hajj Season: A Proposed Framework

With the considerable growth of mobile computing and IoT devices these days, cloud computing faces some difficulties in responding to a sudden, momentous increase in high number of requests for network resources. In 2012, Cisco introduced the idea of bringing the computation process to the periphery of the network and geographically closer to the end users to offload the main cloud and bandwidth, leading to a faster response time and less cost. Leveraging on this concept, the cloud computing and IoT technologies, we propose in this paper a novel fog-computing related framework to mitigate the problem of bandwidth bottleneck and packet delay during the Hajj season in Saudi Arabia, where millions of pilgrims are gathered in a small area for a short period of time along with all service providers, health and security personnel. We also demonstrate the potential applicability of our proposed framework in terms of efficient data entry and information retrieval.

Bring Your Own Device Adoption Readiness in a South African University

ABSTRACTWith the rapid evolution of information and communication technologies, particularly the radical growth in mobile computing, mobile learning (m-learning) offers incredible opportunities, especially in the area of higher education. Subsequently, a number of students have started to adapt the way of using portable mobile devices, such as smartphones, in higher education institutions. This trend, where students from higher education institutions are allowed to bring their own personal mobile devices, such as smartphones, for learning purposes using the institution’s network to access data and other academic material in order to complete their academic tasks, is referred to as bring your own device (BYOD). Most higher education institutions in developed countries have adopted and implemented this strategy in order to support students’ engagement and potentially enhance students’ learning experience. However, the rate of BYOD adoption in developing countries is slow, even though the majority of tertiary students and staff already own one or more smart mobile devices and are familiar with using them for both personal and educational purposes. Barriers to BYOD adoption include lack of readiness on the side of institutions in terms of comprehensive policies that govern the use of these devices, lack of inclusive infrastructure readiness, and limited top management support—all of which are essential for the successful adoption of the BYOD strategy. The purpose of this article is to assess the readiness status of South African universities to adopt BYOD for education purposes, using a conceptualised BYOD readiness assessment framework.

A view to the cloud: What really happens when your data is stored on far-off servers in distant data centers

We live in a world that's awash in information. Way back in 2011, an IBM study estimated that nearly 3 quintillion-that's a 3 with 18 zeros after it-bytes of data were being generated every single day. We're well past that mark now, given the doubling in the number of Internet users since 2011, the powerful rise of social media and machine learning, and the explosive growth in mobile computing, streaming services, and Internet of Things devices. Indeed, according to the latest Cisco Global Cloud Index, some 220,000 quintillion bytes-or if you prefer, 220 zettabytes-were generated "by all people, machines, and things" in 2016, on track to reach nearly 850 ZB in 2021.

Determination of free electron density in sequentially doped InxGa1-xAs by Raman spectroscopy.

The advent and exponential growth of mobile computing has spurred greater emphasis on the adoption of III-V compound semiconductors in device architectures. The introduction of high charge carrier densities within InxGa1-xAs and the development of metrologies to quantitate the extent of doping have thus emerged as an urgent imperative. As an amphoteric dopant, Si begins to occupy anionic sites at high concentrations, thereby limiting the maximum carrier density that can be obtained upon Si doping of III-V semiconductors. Here, we present Raman results on sequentially doped In0.53Ga0.47As wherein sulfur monolayer doping is used to introduce additional carrier density to Si-doped samples. The sequential doping of Si and S allows for high carrier concentrations of up to 1.3 × 10(19) cm(-3) to be achieved without damaging the III-V lattice. The coupling of the plasmon in the doped samples to the longitudinal optic phonons allows Raman spectroscopy to serve as an excellent probe of the extent of dopant activation, charge carrier density, and the surface depletion region. In particular, the energy position of a high-frequency coupled mode (HFCM) that is detected above 400 cm(-1) is used to extract the free electron density in these samples. The extracted free electron densities are well correlated with measured sheet resistance values and the carrier densities deduced from Hall measurements.

A Prospective Study of Mobile Cloud Computing

In today’s fast moving world, mobile devices such as smartphones, tablets, and other PDAs are a central component in achieving effective and convenient communication. In today fast developing world of IT and commerce, the growth of mobile computing (MC) has become a force to be reckoned with. However, it is not without its own set of challenges; these devices are dependent on battery life span, storage, bandwidth, and security and mobility. These challenges have slowed down the growth of the service quality of these devices. The intrinsic challenges of mobile computing are being overcome by imputing and saving data in cloud computing. It is done by using various service providers aside from the mobile device service providers for hosting the mobile applications’ delivery. Mobile cloud computing is a branch of cloud computing and it provides ease of use and mobility to its users. Mobile cloud computing is described as services of cloud computing that are available in mobile environment. This study offers thorough knowledge of the capabilities and challenges faced in mobile cloud computing.

Implementing an Energy Aware Issues in MANET by Designing Efficient Routing Protocol

Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are multihop wireless networks in which all nodes cooperatively maintain network connectivity. In such a multihop wireless network, every node may be required to perform routing in order to achieve end to end communication among nodes. These networks are energy constrained as most ad hoc mobile nodes today operate with limited battery power. Hence, it is important to minimize the energy consumption of the entire network in order to maximize the lifetime of ad hoc networks. Since the emergence of mobile computing, reducing energy consumption of battery operated computing devices has become a very active research area. The widespread popularity of mobile computing devices, such as laptops, handheld devices and cell phones, motivates this research area. These nodes need to be energy conserved to maximize the battery life. Thus, development of energy efficient routing protocols is needed due to the limited battery power of all nodes. In this paper, we have considered two reactive protocols such as DSR and modified DSR (Efficient Power Aware Routing, EPAR) for MANETs and evaluated the energy performance metrics in all the four modes (transmitting, receiving, idle & sleep) and the residual energy. Finally, by the observations we conclude that EPAR offers the best combination of energy consumption and network life time performance.

Analytical Modeling for Short Channel SOI-MOSFET and to Study its Performance

With the emergence of mobile computing and communication, low power device design and implementation have got a significant role to play in VLSI circuit design. Conventional silicon (bulk CMOS) technology couldn‘t overcome the fundamental physical limitations belonging to sub-micro or nanometer region which leads to alternative device technology like Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) technology. In a fully-depleted FDSOI structure the electrostatic coupling of channel with source/drain and substrate through the buried layer (BL) is reduced. This allows in turn to reduce the minimal channel length of transistors or to relax the requirements on Si film thickness. A generalized compact threshold voltage model for SOI-MOSFET is developed by solving 2-D Poisson‘s equation in the channel region and analytical expressions are also developed for the same. The performance of the device is evaluated after incorporating the short channel effects. It is observed that in SOI, presence of the oxide layer resists the short channel effects and reduces device anomalies such as substrate leakage by a great factor than bulk-MOS. The threshold voltage and current drive make SOI the ultimate candidate for low power application. Thus SOI-MOSFET technology could very well be the solution for further ultra scale integration of devices and improvised performance.

The Growth of m-Learning and the Growth of Mobile Computing: Parallel developments

mLearning is made possible by the existence and application of mobile hardware and networking technology. By exploring the capabilities of these technologies, it is possible to construct a picture of how different components of mLearning can be implemented. This paper will explore the major technologies currently in use: PDAs, SMS messaging via mobile phone, and podcasts via MP3 players.

Investigating Data Entry Task Performance on a Laptop Under the Impact of Vibration: The Effect of Color

The last 20 years have seen a tremendous growth in mobile computing and wireless communications and services. An experimental study was conducted to explore the effect of text/background color on a laptop computing system along with variable environmental vibration on operators ‘ data entry task performance in moving automobiles. The operators’ performance was measured in terms of the number of characters entered per minute without spaces (NCEPMWS) on a laptop computing system. The subjects were divided into 3 categories, namely, Novices, Intermediates and Experts. Findings suggest a re-evaluation of existing laptop designs taking ergonomics into consideration. It appears that proper selection of text/background color on the laptop coupled with controlled vehicular speed could result in a better quality of interaction between human and laptops and it could also resolve the problem of poor data entry task performance.

Using medical knowledge sources on handheld computers – A qualitative study among junior doctors

Background: The emergence of mobile computing could have an impact on how junior doctors learn. To exploit this opportunity it is essential to understand their information seeking process.Aim: To explore junior doctors’ experiences of using medical knowledge sources on handheld computers.Method: Interviews with five Swedish junior doctors. A qualitative manifest content analysis of a focus group interview followed by a qualitative latent content analysis of two individual interviews.Results: A focus group interview showed that users were satisfied with access to handheld medical knowledge sources, but there was concern about contents, reliability and device dependency. Four categories emerged from individual interviews: (1) A feeling of uncertainty about using handheld technology in medical care; (2) A sense of security that handhelds can provide; (3) A need for contents to be personalized; (4) A degree of adaptability to make the handheld a versatile information tool. A theme was established to link the four categories together, as expressed in the Conclusion section.Conclusion: Junior doctors’ experiences of using medical knowledge sources on handheld computers shed light on the need to decrease uncertainty about clinical decisions during medical internship, and to find ways to influence the level of self-confidence in the junior doctor's process of decision-making.

Mobile computing: Opportunities for optimization research

The last 20 years have seen a tremendous growth in mobile computing and wireless communications and services. Most of the research in mobile computing has addressed the fundamental engineering issues involved in building and exploiting mobile and wireless systems, ranging from cellular, to satellite, to ad hoc and, more recently, to sensor networks. On the other hand, optimization research in mobile computing and wireless communications has received, in relative terms, less attention and was related mostly to optimizing the performance of individual communication protocols. Supporting mobility in all its aspects from cellular services to multimedia brings to the fore new problems and opportunities for optimization research. This paper is a survey of some of the promising areas in which optimization can be used to solve mobile computing problems.

Research in Mobile Database Query Optimization and Processing

The emergence of mobile computing provides the ability to access information at any time and place. However, as mobile computing environments have inherent factors like power, storage, asymmetric communication cost, and bandwidth limitations, efficient query processing and minimum query response time are definitely of great interest. This survey groups a variety of query optimization and processing mechanisms in mobile databases into two main categories, namely: (i) query processing strategy, and (ii) caching management strategy. Query processing includes both pull and push operations (broadcast mechanisms). We further classify push operation into on‐demand broadcast and periodic broadcast. Push operation (on‐demand broadcast) relates to designing techniques that enable the server to accommodate multiple requests so that the request can be processed efficiently. Push operation (periodic broadcast) corresponds to data dissemination strategies. In this scheme, several techniques to improve the query performance by broadcasting data to a population of mobile users are described. A caching management strategy defines a number of methods for maintaining cached data items in clients′ local storage. This strategy considers critical caching issues such as caching granularity, caching coherence strategy and caching replacement policy. Finally, this survey concludes with several open issues relating to mobile query optimization and processing strategy.

Space-time coding and signal processing for MIMO communications

Rapid growth in mobile computing and other wireless multimedia services is inspiring many research and development activities on high-speed wireless communication systems. Main challenges in this a...

A Prediction-Based Query Processing Strategy in Mobile Commerce Systems

The rapid advances and popularity of the Internet encourages the wide dissemination of electronic commerce. Various applications of electronic commerce, e.g., querying supermarket catalogs, purchasing products, booking a hotel room of a trip, etc., are rapidly increasing. Moreover, the emergence of mobile computing makes it possible for users to access information anywhere and at anytime. With the merging of these two technologies, millions of users in the near future could carry a mobile device requesting services through electronic commerce applications. While serving such a mobile user, the server should consider how to minimize the response time of the request. However, conventional strategies for query processing are no longer adequate in the mobile environment. This is mainly because the user may not be at the same site as where he/she issued the request when the result of the request is ready to be delivered to the user. The issue becomes more complicated when the user’s request involves data residing in multiple data sources. This paper proposes some strategies for query processing in a mobile commerce environment. All the strategies are presented, along with a cost analysis as the theoretical basis for the support of our design. Through the analysis of each strategy, we find the weakness of the strategy and improve it by a new design. Finally, the performances of all strategies are studied and compared to find the performance difference of the strategies.

Managing application level quality of service through TOMTEN

With the growth of mobile computing, users will have simultaneous access to multiple overlaid networks, each with different characteristics, services and costs. This paper introduces TOMTEN (TOtal Management Of Transmissions for the ENd-user), a framework for managing resources in both this type of environment as well as the traditional single network environment. TOMTEN is a reactive framework that is only activated when either the application is started or the user indicates dissatisfaction with a current session. The reactive architecture of TOMTEN also supports application adaptivity. Application adaptivity in TOMTEN does not require modifications to the application and is done transparently using proxy modules.

What is new in computers?

This article discusses the recent trends in mobile computing and communication. The wireless technologies behind the emergence of mobile computing and the use of the current technologies to create a mobile computing environment have also been discussed.