Growth Of Manufacturing Industry Research Articles

Pengaruh Variasi Kecepatan Putaran Spindle dan Kedalaman Pemakanan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Alumunium ADC12 pada Mesin Bubut CNC Okuma L150T

In the rapidly growing manufacturing industry, especially in the field of machining, the use of computer systems has become increasingly prevalent. Consumer demands for precise workpieces with consistent quality, quick completion, and large quantities can be more easily achieved using CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tools compared to conventional machine tools. To determine the influence of spindle rotational speed and feed depth variation on the surface roughness of ADC12 aluminum in the Okuma L150T CNC lathe, an experimental study was conducted. Aluminum ADC12 specimens were used, and variations in spindle rotational speed and feed depth were tested for surface roughness using a Mitutoyo SJ-210 surface roughness tester. The obtained data were then analyzed and discussed based on statistical correlation and hypothesis testing. From the results of this study, the following conclusions can be drawn: (1) There is an influence of spindle rotational speed variation. At speeds of 900 rpm, 1500 rpm, and 2100 rpm, the average surface roughness levels of the workpiece were 7.45 μm, 6.35 μm, and 5.23 μm, respectively. Therefore, higher spindle rotational speeds result in lower surface roughness of the workpiece. (2) There is an influence of feed depth variation. At depths of 0.25 mm, 0.50 mm, and 0.75 mm, the average surface roughness levels of the workpiece were 5.23 μm, 6.32 μm, and 7.42 μm, respectively. Thus, deeper feed depths lead to higher surface roughness of the workpiece. (3) The combination of feed depth variation and spindle rotational speed that resulted in the workpiece with the lowest average surface roughness was achieved at a feed depth of 0.25 mm and spindle rotational speed of 2100, which amounted to 5.23 μm.

A modified partitioning algorithm for classification of e-waste

Electronic and electrical industry is the largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry because of tremendous growth in both software applications and upgraded hardware. The past two decades have seen an exceptionally strong growth in the electronic equipment market. Electronic and electrical products become electronic waste (e-waste) when the products or items used lifecycle being ended. Electronic products are made up of many materials like plastics, heavy metals (lead, mercury, gold, platinum, silver, copper, zinc, selenium, cadmium, chromium and many more), dioxin, furans and others which require special end-of-life handling. The estimation of Global e-Sustainability Initiative is that about 320 tons of gold (8% of the total gold supply in the world) and throughout the world, 7,500 tons of silver are being used in the electronics manufacturing industry. Around 30-50 million tons of e-waste is produced every year and the production trend is overwhelming. By the end of the decade, the e-waste recycling market is going to touch $44.3 billion, which is more than four (04) times from its existing size. There are three concerns that arise for the crisis of e-waste. The first is the total volume of units of obsolescent electronic items. The second fact is the global problem as the generation of e-waste in vulnerable amount since everywhere there are people. And the third fact is that, the rate of obsolescence of electronic items i.e. 5 -10% yearly. The developing world has forecasted that by the year 2030 the developed country should discard the use of twice numbers of Personal Computers (PC) than developing countries. Moreover, in developing countries the e-waste is processed either by informal sector or being resold or refurbished and resold recycled in an unsafe manner using unskilled labours. Environmental pollution and occupational health hazards are frequently observed due to informal recycling of e-waste. In developed countries, e-waste is collected to recover some precious metals and safely rid of the toxic metals as they have contained but in developing countries, e-waste is collected mainly to recover a few metals of value and the rest are dumped in nearby areas. In developing countries, the laws for restricting hazardous waste are flexible by which the developed countries export their e-waste to developing countries because of low labour wages and the availability of second-hand market.

Sustainability of Local Labour Market in South Africa: The Implications of Imports Competition from China

Using South African manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry employment, imports from China, growth in manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry, and workers’ earning data, we examined the impact of imports from China, growth in manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry on manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry employment and workers’ earnings. This study employed a Bayer and Hanck cointegration test to examine the cointegration among the variables, which found the existence of cointegration. In addition, the ARDL approach was employed to ascertain the long-run effect of the import from China, growth in manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry on the manufacturing and non-manufacturing industry employment and workers’ earning, while “Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS)”, “Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS)”, and “Canonical Cointegrated Regression (CRR)” estimators were employed for robustness. We found a negative long-run effect of imports from China on manufacturing sectors’ employment and workers’ earnings, while a positive of its effect was found on service industry employment. Moreover, growth in the manufacturing industry was found to have a positive long-run effect on manufacturing industry employment and workers’ earnings, while it has a negative long-run effect on service industry employment. As for the growth in the service industry, it was demonstrated to have a negative and positive long-run effect on manufacturing industry employment and non-manufacturing industry employment.

Components of Productivity Growth of the Manufacturing Industries of Petroleum and Coal Products in India: An Interstate Analysis

The study applies stochastic frontier approach to estimate and decompose the sources of total factor productivity growth (TFPG) of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in fifteen major industrialized states in India as well as in All-India during the period from 1981-82 to 2010-11, during the entire period, during the pre-reform period (1981-82 to 1990-91) and post-reform period (1991-92 to 2010-11), and also during two different decades of the post-reform period, i.e., during 1991-92 to 2000-01 and 2001-02 to 2010-11. The components of TFPG are: technological progress (TP), technical efficiency change (TEC), economic scale change (SC) and allocation efficiency change (AEC). According to the estimated results, technological progress (TP) is the major contributing factor to TFPG of the organized manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in India and in its fifteen major industrializes states during 1981-82 to 2010-11. Further, TFPG of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products in India and in its fifteen major industrialized states declined during the post-reform period and the decline in TFPG of these 2-digit industries during that period is mainly accounted for by the decline in TP of the same during that period. However, allocation efficiency change (AEC) and economic scale change (SC) of them remain very negligible or even negative too in many states under study. Further, TEC of them remain unchanged or it is time invariant in nature as statistical tests suggest. So that increase in the combined effect of AEC and SC of them could not offset the decrease in their TP during that period. As a result TFPG of the 2-digit manufacturing industries of petroleum and coal products declined in India and its fifteen major industrialized states during the post-reform period.

The Effect of Providing Government-Borne Import Duties Facility on the Growth and Competitiveness of Indonesia

This research has its aim to study the effect of providing Government-Borne Import Duty facility on the growth and competitiveness of Indonesia's manufacturing industry. The growth of the manufacturing industry is identified with the growth of production, employment, and contribution to state income through taxes. The background of this research is the existence of government's need to find the effect of the provision of exemption from import duties that have been running since 2008 on the ability of companies to produce goods in order to meet consumer needs, competitiveness, employment, and their contribution to state income. The survey was conducted on 110 companies that use this facility in Indonesia. The research applied the statistical method of sign and percentage test with the unit of analysis at the company and target sector, and groups of companies that receive GBID facility with different frequencies. The results show that the provision of the facility significantly increase the growth and competitiveness of Indonesia's manufacturing industry, especially in production growth, the competitiveness of production costs, sales growth, profits, and company productivity. This facility has different effects on companies under different target sectors. More companies under the guidance of Directorate General of MMTEI experinence innovation raising, time-to-market competitiveness, and machine modernization after being given this facility, while more companies under the guidance of Directorate General of CTMI experience production growth, competitiveness raising in production costs, quality, delivery time, sales growth, productivity, human capital, absorption of production labor, and tax payments. The reason related to this case is the existence of difference in production, product standardization, product cycle times, and technological intensity. The results also show that the difference in frequency of facilitation given only affect in rising the competitiveness of the company's products’ price. Related to the nature of production, GBID facility is more suitable to be given to companies that have production plans rather than companies that only do the task based on project or job orders. It is because the companies that have production plan could do the job with more optimal results than those who don’t.

EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN THE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY A CASE STUDY IN THE NORTH EASTERN REGION OF INDIA

The employment growth of a region is a crucial factor of development in a developing economy. The economic growth and employment growth of an economy is significantly important for the well being of the people. The welfare of an economy is determined by the poverty level of the people. Again, poverty level significantly determined by the employment growth status of the region. When the employment growth increases in favor of the poor people, it reduces the poverty status of the poor people. Therefore, the study of the employment growth is vital for the development as well as well being of the people in a region. The North Eastern Region is a developing region in India. The study of the region is vital in the formulation of economic as well as public policy for the development of the region. The present paper studied the employment growth of the manufacturing industry in the North Eastern Region of India during the periods from 2001 to 2011. The paper applied the shift share technique that used to estimate the regional growth, employment growth etc. to furnish the objective. The study found that employment growth in the regional manufacturing industry increased in most of the states of the NER of India during the analysis periods. However, half of the states of the NER of India show disadvantages for the manufacturing industry of the region. The present paper suggested that to increase the employment growth in the manufacturing industry of the region, government should develop the infrastructure facilities in favor of the considered industry of the region.

Retrofitting existing buildings to reduce electrical energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission in Nigerian food and beverage industries

Food and Beverage industry is one of the fastest growing manufacturing industries in Nigeria with its attendant carbon emission. In this paper, retrofitting (one of the demand side management (DSM) techniques) is adopted as a strategy to reducing energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emission of three selected food and beverages industries in Nigeria. This is achieved by carrying out a walk through energy audit on the selected industries with the aim of reducing their carbon footprint by reducing the electrical energy consumption pattern. Retrofitting exercise involves identification of energy-inefficient electrical equipment within the industry and thereafter replacing them with available identical device but with better energy efficiency. The investment cost for adopting energy efficient technology and its corresponding payback period are estimated. Recommendations for policy documents were proposed based on the study. The energy audit reveals that electric motor, lighting points (lamps) and computer system constitute electrical load that are inefficiently operated within the selected industries. Applying DSM by retrofitting on these components of electrical load reduces the overall electrical energy consumption of the industry by 17%, 20% and 14% for industries A, B and C, respectively. An estimated reduction in CO2 emission of 159,471.2 kg, 139,598.7 kg and 186,696.4 kg is achieved for industries A, B and C, respectively, using the DSM. This paper is useful as it provides scientific information on the need to retrofit inefficient devices in Nigeria industries.

Electronic Waste Management by Biological Leaching

The electronic industry is the largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry in the world. Electronic waste or E-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries. Most of these e-wastes are ending up in dumping yards and recycling centers, posing a new challenge to the environment and policy makers as well. Toxic metals in the E-waste are usually non -biodegradable and they will create harmful long lasting negative consequences on the environment in general and our health particular. Currently E-waste is treated by chemical leaching, it gives more environmental issues due to usage of inorganic chemicals in treatment process. So that, the E-waste can be used for extraction of metals by the process of biological leaching. It is the process of extraction of metal from source by using biological organism. In this process involve numerous ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, acidophilic bacteria which is grown in acid medium. The acid mine drainage (AMD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. AMD is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in the mining industry. It is also toxic and difficult to managing this water. Due to the presence of sulphide metal in the ore, which is released after the mining process, will react with atmosphere and water forms sulphuric acid which poses potential harm to the environment and eco system. This acid medium is most suitable for the development of acidophilic bacteria’s. In this project, the Acidophilic bacteria in AMD can be suggested for process of recycling in biological leaching of electronic waste. This process can be used for both bioleaching of E-waste and management of mining waste water. The process will suppress the harmfulness in both E-waste and waste mining water.

Electronic Waste Management Approaches - A Pilot Study in Northern Indian States

The electronics industry is the one of the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. Discarded electronic and electrical equipment with all of their peripherals at the end of its useful life is termed as E-waste. But nowadays the main problem with the electronics products is that we generally don't consider the lifespan of it, mainly in case of mobile phones, laptops/PC, we frequently buys new products ultimately leading to an increased E-waste. Also, we don't know what to do with the discarded electronics items. We generally store them in our home as we are not aware of the hazardous effect of these E-devices on human health as well as on the environment. This paper projects a pilot study conducted in northern Indian states to find out the awareness level among the Consumer (Individual and Organizational) and recycler about the hazardous effect of E-waste. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Chandigarh are selected for the pilot study.

Consumer attitudes and perceptions on electronic waste: An assessment

The electronics industry is one of fastest growing manufacturing industries in India. However, the increase in the sales of electronic goods and their rapid obsolescence has resulted in the large-scale generation of electronic waste, popularly known as e-waste. E-waste has become a matter of concern due to the presence of toxic and hazardous substances present in electronic goods which, if not properly managed, can have adverse effects on the environment and human health. In India, the e-waste market remains largely unorganized, with companies being neither registered nor authorized and typically operating on an informal basis. In many instances, e-waste is treated as municipal waste, because India does not have dedicated legislation for the management of e-waste. It is therefore necessary to review the public health risks and strategies in a bid to addressthis growing hazard. There is the strong need for adopting sustainability practices in order to tackle the growing threat of e-waste. In the present work, we attempt to identify the various sources and reasons for e-waste generation, in addition to understanding the perception of the public towards e-waste management. This study aims to induce an awareness of sustainability practices and sustainability issues in the management of E-waste, especially waste related to personal computers (PCs) and mobile phones. From the results of the study, we concluded that the majority (90%) of the public is ignorant about e-waste and its issues; hence, there is a strong requirement for spreading awareness about the growing hazard of E-waste.

Bangladesh: A Labor Paradox

Bangladesh: A Labor Paradox

Recovery of silica from electronic waste for the synthesis of cubic MCM-48 and its application in preparing ordered mesoporous carbon molecular sieves using a green approach

The electronics industry is one of the world’s fastest growing manufacturing industries. However, e-waste has become a serious pollution problem. This study reports the recovery of e-waste for preparing valuable MCM-48 and ordered mesoporous carbon for the first time. Specifically, this study adopts an alkali-extracted method to obtain sodium silicate precursors from electronic packaging resin ash. The influence of synthesis variables such as gelation pH, neutral/cationic surfactant ratio, hydrothermal treatment temperature, and calcination temperature on the mesophase of MCM-48 materials is investigated. Experimental results confirm that well-ordered cubic MCM-48 materials were synthesized in strongly acidic and strongly basic media. The resulting mesoporous silica had a high surface area of 1,317 m2/g, mean pore size of about 3.0 nm, and a high purity of 99.87 wt%. Ordered mesoporous carbon with high surface area (1,715 m2/g) and uniform pore size of CMK-1 type was successfully prepared by impregnating MCM-48 template using the resin waste. The carbon structure was sensitive to the sulfuric acid concentration and carbonization temperature. Converting e-waste into MCM-48 materials not only eliminates the disposal problem of e-waste, but also transforms industrial waste into a useful nanomaterial.

E-Waste:Scourge of Technology Revolution

The Rapid advancement in technology over the last two decades has drastically improved globally the quality of life, working and operating environment. The electronics industry is the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. This has been possible due to fast growing technology in this sector. Due to recent changes in policy in India, leading multinational companies have set up electronics manufacturing facilities and R&D centers for hardware and software. There is no doubt that the technological advancement helped Indian economy to grow faster and led to increase in the consumption of electronics products. There is a trend among consumers to replace their household electronics items with latest models. The effect is a higher rate of obsolescence which has been leading to growing piles of e-waste. Environmental challenges created through the process of consumption and obsolesce which, if not addressed, may escalate into a situation that would cause irreversible damage to the environment and ultimately human health. The aim of this research paper is to reveals the various issues involved in generation and management of e-waste, particularly from Indian perspective. The paper also discusses initiatives of some of MNCs in managing E-wate.

Journal And Confrence Paper On (Enviornment) E – Waste Management

The electronic industry is the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry in the world. Discarded electronic and electrical equipment with all of their peripherals at the end of life is termed e- waste. The quantity of c-waste generated in developed countries equals 1% of total solid waste on an average and is expected to grow to 2% by 2011 and is one of the fastest growing waste streams.E-waste consists of ferrous and non ferrous metals, plastic, glass, ceramics, rubber etc. E-waste is valuable source for secondary raw material but harmful if treated and discarded improperly as it contains many toxic components such as lead, cadmium, mercury, polychiorinated biphenlys etc. The presence of lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, selenium and hexavalent chromium and flame retardants beyond threshold quantities in e-waste classifies them as hazardous wastes. Rather than recycle the c-waste generated, the developed countries are finding easy way out of the problem by exporting them to developing economies. Recycling c-waste in a crude manner, as is done now will lead environmental pollution. A review of the study conducted of uncontrolled dumping and crude recycling of c- waste reveals the gravity of the problem. Technologies are suggested for environmentally sound management of c-waste. Legislation is the need of the hour for enforcing environmentally sound management. Today's gadgets are tomorrows E-waste. 95 percent of electronic waste is recyclable. However, unregulated recycling can cause more harm to the environment than landfilling. While many companies, have safe and effective recycling programs, the majority of recycling companies export some percentage of their electronic waste to China or poor countries in Africa, where the waste is recycled, or destroyed and stripped of its valuable metals. Though this seems like a good thing on the surface, because components are being repurposed, unregulated recycling centers burn or dissolve the plastic components to release the precious metals: a process that releases environmental contaminants into the air, land, and water that would otherwise remain trapped and inert in landfills. The major portion of the c-waste generated domestically as well as illegally imported are recycled in crude manner leading to pollution of the environment. Lack of legislation in our country at present is aiding this hazardous form of recycling. Therefore there is urgent need to frame and implement rules for regulating this waste and to find environmentally sound, economically viable methods for recycling and disposing of this necessary evil. The necessity of environmentally sound management of c-waste is brought out with the help of a case study of uncontrolled dumping of c-waste. we have collected data of disposed materials percentage in Mahbubnagar and which is causing harm to environment and for reducing this we have explained some techniques from which it can be controlled without causing any effects to environment.

E-Waste–a major threat to environment and health

The electronic industry is the world’s largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. During the last decade, it has assumed the role of providing a forceful leverage to the socio- economic and technological growth of a developing society. The consequence of its consumer oriented growth combined with rapid product obsolescence and technological advances are a new environmental challenge-the growing menace of “electronics waste” or “e waste” that consists of obsolete electronic devices. The production of electrical and electronic devices is the fastest growing sector of the manufacturing industry in industrialized countries. At the same time, technological innovation and intense marketing engender a rapid replacement process. Every year, 20 to 50 million tones of electrical and electronic equipment waste (“e-waste”) are generated world-wide, which could bring serious risks to human health and the environment. The paper highlights the emerging problem of health and environmental impact of e-waste. Keywords: E-waste, health impact, environmental impact

E-Waste-a major threat to environment and health

The electronic industry is the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. During the last decade, it has assumed the role of providing a forceful leverage to the socio- economic and technological growth of a developing society. The consequence of its consumer oriented growth combined with rapid product obsolescence and technological advances are a new environmental challenge-the growing menace of electronics or e that consists of obsolete electronic devices. The production of electrical and electronic devices is the fastest growing sector of the manufacturing industry in industrialized countries. At the same time, technological innovation and intense marketing engender a rapid replacement process. Every year, 20 to 50 million tones of electrical and electronic equipment waste (e-waste) are generated world-wide, which could bring serious risks to human health and the environment. The paper highlights the emerging problem of health and environmental impact of e-waste.

E-waste education strategies: teaching how to reduce, reuse and recycle for sustainable development

The constantly changing world of technology is the world's largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry. The vast growth and rapid product obsolescence has brought about the serious problem of e-waste, which is now the fastest growing form of waste in the industrialised world. E-waste encompasses a broad and growing category of electronic devices ranging from large household appliances such as refrigerators, microwave ovens and air conditioners to consumer electronics such as cellular phones, televisions, personal stereos and computers. Electronic equipment contains a variety of toxic ingredients, including hazardous heavy metals that pollute the environment and are very dangerous to human health. This paper discusses some of the principles that are being employed to alleviate the environmental impact of e-waste such as extended producer responsibility, design for environment (DfE), consumer driven solutions. This article also discusses educational strategies that can be employed to educate global audiences.