Abstract
Food and Beverage industry is one of the fastest growing manufacturing industries in Nigeria with its attendant carbon emission. In this paper, retrofitting (one of the demand side management (DSM) techniques) is adopted as a strategy to reducing energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emission of three selected food and beverages industries in Nigeria. This is achieved by carrying out a walk through energy audit on the selected industries with the aim of reducing their carbon footprint by reducing the electrical energy consumption pattern. Retrofitting exercise involves identification of energy-inefficient electrical equipment within the industry and thereafter replacing them with available identical device but with better energy efficiency. The investment cost for adopting energy efficient technology and its corresponding payback period are estimated. Recommendations for policy documents were proposed based on the study. The energy audit reveals that electric motor, lighting points (lamps) and computer system constitute electrical load that are inefficiently operated within the selected industries. Applying DSM by retrofitting on these components of electrical load reduces the overall electrical energy consumption of the industry by 17%, 20% and 14% for industries A, B and C, respectively. An estimated reduction in CO2 emission of 159,471.2 kg, 139,598.7 kg and 186,696.4 kg is achieved for industries A, B and C, respectively, using the DSM. This paper is useful as it provides scientific information on the need to retrofit inefficient devices in Nigeria industries.
Highlights
In recent years, there have been efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in order to mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment [3, 16]
Material and method The designed calculation for determining the cost of electrical energy consumption, the energy saving from retrofitting exercise, the cost of energy saved, the payback period and the amount of Carbon IV oxide (CO2) emission saved from the retrofitting exercise is presented
The cost of replacing the individual existing motors ($), the energy saved by replacing old inefficient motors with super-efficient one and the payback period on each type of electric motors to recoup the investment on each type of motors were calculated for each of the companies (A, B & C), and the results are depicted in Tables 3, 4 and 5, respectively
Summary
There have been efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission in order to mitigate the effects of climate change on the environment [3, 16]. As the energy demand increases, so the GHG emission increases [11]. Ogunjuyigbe et al Journal of Electrical Systems and Inf Technol (2020) 7:9 increase may likely come from the developing nations as a result of increasing population and expansion in economic growth [36]. It has been estimated that industrial sector account for 54% of the total world energy consumption [9]. A cut down on the energy consumption from this sector will reduce the overall energy demand and by extension reduces the GHG emission [20]. Of the various industrial energy demands, electrical energy is significant [8] as it is required to achieve most the industrial processes
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