Growth Of International Collaboration Research Articles

History of international connections of myology in Europe.

Over the past centuries, myology as a basic and clinical science has passed through three major stages of development: the classical period, the modern nosographic stage, and the molecular era. The classical period spans the sixteenth century up to the earlier parts of the twentieth century. During this time, several major muscle diseases were clinically and pathologically characterized, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), myotonic dystrophy, and facio-scapulo-humeral dystrophy, by master clinicians such as Duchenne, Erb, Becker, Steinert, Landouzy, Dejerine, Meryon, and others. These accomplishments laid solid foundations for the following modern era with nosographic classification and the following molecular era. European clinicians and scientists were major contributors to the modern era in the second half of the twentieth century, which is characterized by three major discoveries. First, it was observed that substantial elevation of the serum activity of creatine kinase indicates muscle damage or destruction. Then, the adaptation of modern histo-and cytochemical techniques to the study of muscle biopsies markedly improved the diagnostic accuracy and made possible the identification of new changes and structures. Thirdly, the advent of modern biochemical techniques permitted the identification of various enzyme defects/storage diseases such as Pompe disease, McArdle's disease, and carnitine deficiency states. The molecular era was made possible by the strikingly fast development of molecular biology and its application to muscle diseases. This permitted the identification of gene defects in many inherited diseases, leading to an accurate and specific diagnosis. The growth of international collaboration in Europe was achieved through the exchange of international scientists and collaborative networks.

Dementia with Lewy bodies research consortia: A global perspective from the ISTAART Lewy Body Dementias Professional Interest Area working group.

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) research has seen a significant growth in international collaboration over the last three decades. However, researchers face a challenge in identifying large and diverse samples capable of powering longitudinal studies and clinical trials. The DLB research community has begun to focus efforts on supporting the development and harmonization of consortia, while also continuing to forge networks within which data and findings can be shared. This article describes the current state of DLB research collaborations on each continent. We discuss several established DLB cohorts, many of whom have adopted a common framework, and identify emerging collaborative initiatives that hold the potential to expand DLB networks and diversify research cohorts. Our findings identify geographical areas into which the global DLB networks should seek to expand, and we propose strategies, such as the creation of data‐sharing platforms and the harmonization of protocols, which may further potentiate international collaboration.

Toward global standardization of conducting fair investigations of allegations of research misconduct

ABSTRACT In the United States, through nation-wide discussions, the procedures for handling allegations of research misconduct are now well established. Procedures are geared toward carefully treating both complainants and respondents fairly in accordance with the US framework. Other countries, which have their own cultural and legal framework, also need fair and legally compatible procedures for conducting investigations of allegations of research misconduct. Given the rapid growth of international collaboration in research, it is desirable to have a global standard, or common ground, for misconduct investigations. Institutions need clear guidance on important subjects such as what information should be included in the investigation reports, how the investigation committee should be organized once research misconduct allegation has been received, how to conduct the investigation, how the data and information obtained should be taken as evidence for vs. against misconduct, and what policies the investigation committee should follow. We explore these issues from the viewpoint of members of committees investigating accusations of research misconduct (hereafter referred to as “investigation committees”) as well as persons overseeing the committees in Japan. We hope to engender productive discussions among experts in misconduct investigations, leading to a formulation of international standards for such investigation.

International research collaboration: Novelty, conventionality, and atypicality in knowledge recombination

Research articles produced through international collaboration are more highly cited than other work, but are they also more novel? Using measures developed by Uzzi et al. (2013), and replicated by Boyack and Klavans (2014), this article tests for novelty and conventionality in international research collaboration. Scholars have found that coauthored articles are more novel and have suggested that diverse groups have a greater chance of producing creative work. As such, we expected to find that international collaboration tends to produce more novel research. Using data from Web of Science and Scopus in 2005, we failed to show that international collaboration tends to produce more novel articles. In fact, international collaboration appears to produce less novel and more conventional knowledge combinations. Transaction costs and communication barriers to international collaboration may suppress novelty. Higher citations to international work may be explained by an audience effect, where more authors from more countries results in greater access to a larger citing community. The findings are consistent with explanations of growth in international collaboration that posit a social dynamic of preferential attachment based upon reputation.

Dependencies and autonomy in research performance: examining nanoscience and nanotechnology in emerging countries

International collaboration in the creation of knowledge is changing the structural stratification of science, with implications for science policy. Analyses of collaboration in developing and emergent countries are of particular significance because initiatives are often the result of “research-for-aid” arrangements, generally based on North–South asymmetries. However, collaboration for mutual benefit and excellence has gained increasing acceptance, with “partner” selection becoming a strategic priority to enhance one’s own production. This article explores the capacity of BRIC and select Latin American countries in the generation of scientific knowledge and their visibility at the global level in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The goal is to determine to what extent countries benefit from the role of their collaborators to heighten research performance in terms of citation; and how collaboration could help countries to leverage their competitiveness through the design of research and development agendas. The method relies on the decomposition of leadership, as well as its consideration in view of performance indicators such as normalized citation impact, scientific excellence, and technological impact. The results suggest that the growth of international collaboration should be interpreted as a positive aspect. Furthermore, a progressive internationalization of scientific activity concerned with local needs or topics of interest is found to have the capacity to determine research agendas whose interest would extend to communities far beyond, thereby contributing to the development of science at a national level.

Guatemala articles in the Science Citation Index Expanded: bibliometry of subjects, collaboration, institutions and authors

Guatemala, with 16 million inhabitants, is the largest economy of Central America and should have the largest scientific output of the region. To assess its productivity and impact, we analyzed the 3380 Guatemala articles included in the SCI-expanded in June, 2017. Most Guatemala documents are articles in English, deal with nutrition and health problems, and have a mean of 7.4 authors per article. Also in this particular database, citation lifespan is 40 years, and citations are higher for articles in English (twice more than those in Spanish), for reviews (mean 24 citations per review) and for studies resulting from international collaboration, which is done mostly with the USA and Mexico. The most productive institutions are the Center for Studies of Sensory Impairment CESSIAM, the universities of San Carlos and El Valle, and the Central American Nutrition Institute INCAP (but the INCAP has decreased productivity in recent years). The most productive researchers are N.W. Solomons, R. Bressani, L.G. Elías, C. Rolz and A. Cáceres. Guatemala represents a particular case in Central America because its high quality research is dependent on particular researchers rather than on institutions, and because the total output is well under the expectation. The productivity and citation of Guatemalan science in the 18 journals published in the country, and in other journals also not covered in the in the SCI-expanded, remain unknown. Nevertheless, the historical trend is positive, with a clear growth of international collaboration, productivity and citation.

Growth of international collaboration in science: revisiting six specialties

International collaboration in science continues to grow at a remarkable rate, but little agreement exists about dynamics of growth and organization at the discipline level. Some suggest that disciplines differ in their collaborative tendencies, reflecting their epistemic culture. This study examines collaborative patterns in six previously studied specialties to add new data and analyze patterns over time. Our findings show that a global network of collaboration continues to add new nations and new participants; since 1990, each specialty has added many new nations to lists of collaborating partners. We also find that the scope of international collaboration is positively related to impact. Network characteristics for the six specialties are notable in that instead of reflecting underlying culture, they tend towards convergence at the global level. This observation suggests that the global level may represent next-order dynamics that feed back to the national and local levels (as subsystems) in a complex, networked hierarchy.

The growth of international collaboration in East European scholarly communities: a bibliometric analysis of journal articles published between 1989 and 2009

In the last two decades international collaboration in the Eastern European academic communities has strongly intensified. Scientists from developed countries within the European Union play a key role in stimulating the international collaboration of academics in this region. In addition, many of the research projects that engage East-European scholars are only possible in the framework of the large European programmes. The present study focuses on the role of EU and other developed nations as a partner of these countries and the analysis of the performance of collaborative research as reflected by the citation impact of internationally co-authored publications.

Network structure, self-organization, and the growth of international collaboration in science

Different approaches have been used to analyse international collaboration in science but none can fully explain its rapid growth. Using international co-authorships, we test the hypothesis that international collaboration is a self-organising network. Applying tools from network analysis, the paper shows that the growth of international co-authorships can be explained based on the organising principle of preferential attachment, although the attachment mechanism deviates from an ideal power-law. Several explanations for the deviation are explored, including that of the influence of institutional constraints on the mechanism of self-organisation.

Prevention and health promotion on the international scene: the need for a more effective and comprehensive approach.

The last decade has shown a boom in international networks and projects in health promotion and prevention. The growth of international collaboration is considered to be of crucial importance for the future development of the field. Several arguments are discussed in support of a further expansion of collaboration across countries and regions. The author criticizes the current lack of effectiveness in international collaboration in health promotion and prevention and identifies main barriers to effective collaboration. To make significant progress in research, evidence-based programs and policies, and their implementation worldwide, the creation of a comprehensive system of functional and effective linkages is needed across the core task areas, across disciplines, across system levels, and across countries and cultures. The quality of prevention and health promotion research as well as its impact on the health of communities depends on the degree to which research institutes and other stakeholders are embedded in an effective network of interorganizational and international relationships capable of performing a broad range of essential and functionally related tasks. It is critical that the dynamics of effective international collaboration become a legitimate subject of prevention and health promotion science.

Collaborative ventures between U.S. and foreign manufacturing firms

The recent upsurge in collaborative ventures involving U.S. and foreign manufacturing firms in research, production, and marketing has raised questions concerning the causes of these novel methods of organizing innovation and the consequences of these activities for the competitiveness of U.S. firms. This paper surveys recent trends and implications in collaboration between U.S. and foreign manufacturing firms, drawing on a comparative study of these activities in eight manufacturing industries. The causes of recent growth in international collaboration are both technological and policy-related. The structure of collaboration, the activities incorporated into collaborative ventures, and the amount and direction of technology transfer between U.S. and foreign firms all vary across industries. As a result, the case for any comprehensive policy governing such collaborative ventures is weak. Moreover, the future role and effects of collaborative ventures will vary considerably across U.S. industries.