Growth Factors In Platelet-rich Plasma Research Articles

432 Patient and device generated variability in platelet-derived growth factors during platelet-rich plasma therapy for hair loss

Platelets contain α-granules that are reservoirs of critical growth factors (GFs) regulating cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation and angiogenesis. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can be effective in treating hair loss disorders as reported from several clinical trials, however the response within a study and between studies has been inconsistent. It is possible that this is related to quantitative and qualitative differences in platelet-derived GFs in PRP. It is currently unclear whether these differences result from inherent patient-to-patient variability or from the devices used to prepare PRP or both. To test these variables, we first compared platelet expression and release of prominent GFs (TGFβ1, PDGF-A, PDGF-BB, VEGF, FGF2 and EGF) between patient volunteers undergoing PRP therapy for hair loss. PRP was prepared using an FDA-cleared device which utilizes a density-based separation technique on a patented separator gel. Platelet GF expression and their levels in PRP were highly variable between patients (n=34) and failed the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, suggesting an inherent patient-to-patient variability. The variability was more pronounced for VEGF and EGF while it was least for TGFβ1. We then compared GF levels in PRP to those prepared using another FDA-cleared device (n=7) which utilizes a dual spin protocol wherein the first soft spin removes the red blood cells while the second spin concentrates the platelets. A final PRP volume of 7-10 ml was produced in both devices although the original volume of blood used and platelet enrichment in PRP was different between them. Significant individual differences in GF levels were also detected when PRP prepared from both devices was compared. Thus, our study suggests that quantitative and qualitative differences in GFs are not only inherent between patients but may also be driven by the devices used to prepare PRP. This may affect the clinical data reported in the literature contributing to inconsistent clinical responses.

Development of Injectable Fucoidan and Biological Macromolecules Hybrid Hydrogels for Intra-Articular Delivery of Platelet-Rich Plasma.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is rich in growth factors and has commonly been utilized in the repair and regeneration of damaged articular cartilage. However, the major drawbacks of direct PRP injection are unstable biological fixation and fast or burst release of growth factors. Fucoidan is a heparinoid compound that can bind growth factors to control their release rate. Furthermore, fucoidan can reduce arthritis through suppressing inflammatory responses and thus it has been reported to prevent the progression of osteoarthritis, promote bone regeneration and accelerate healing of cartilage injury. Injectable hydrogels can be used to deliver cells and growth factors for an alternative, less invasive treatment of cartilage defects. In this study, hyaluronic acid (HA) and fucoidan (FD) was blended with gelatin (GLT) and the GLT/HA/FD hybrid was further cross-linked with genipin (GP) to prepare injectable GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogels. The gelation rate was affected by the GP, GLT, HA and FD concentrations, as well as the pH values. The addition of HA and FD to GLT networks improved the mechanical strength of the hydrogels and facilitated the sustained release of PRP growth factors. The GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogel showed adequate injectability, shape-persistent property and strong adhesive ability, and was more resistant to enzymatic degradation. The PRP-loaded GP-GLT/HA/FD hydrogel promoted cartilage regeneration in rabbits, which may lead to an advanced PRP therapy for enhancing cartilage repair.

Platelet-Rich plasma in androgenic alopecia: Myth or an effective tool

Introduction: Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is the most common form of alopecia, affecting up to 80% of men. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous preparation of plasma with concentrated platelets. PRP contains various growth factors and cytokines that enhance the body's inherent capacity to repair and regenerate. Materials and Methods: A study involves 20 patients suffering from AGA. The hair pull test was performed before the treatment session. The volume of 10 cc PRP was injected. The treatment was repeated every month for six times. The outcome was assessed after 6 months by clinical examination, global photos, hair pull test, and patient's overall satisfaction. Results: A significant improvement in hair loss was observed between the first and sixth injection of PRP. Hair count increased from the average number of 60 hair follicular units to 84 hair follicular units. The average mean gain in hair follicles is 24 units/cm2. After the 6th session, the pull test was negative in 17 patients. The average improvement before and after the procedure ranged from −2 to + 4 according to the 15-point Jaeschke scale. AGA is a disorder that is marked by the reduction in the diameter, length, and pigmentation of the hair. Growth factors in PRP are known to activate the proliferative phase and transdifferentiation of hair and stem cells and produce new follicular units. Conclusion: PRP injection is a simple, cost-effective, and feasible treatment option for AGA.

Growth Factors in Platelet Rich Plasma can Regenerate Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 2 Diabetes

Introduction: 387 million people are considered to have diabetes all over the world, and the number is expected to increase miserably to 592 million by 2035. Alternative ways to create β-cells from endogenous sources should be found as a way for the evolution of treatment. This is to bypass the complication of tissue matching and surgical procedures. To date several rebuilding approaches have been developed to stimulate β-cells regeneration through the induction of the proliferation of remaining β-cells, neo-genesis; de novo islet formation from pancreatic progenitor cells, and trans-differentiation; converting non-β-cells within the pancreas to β-cells. Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) contains various growth factors which can be used for tissue regeneration including pancreatic beta cells. Materials and methods: 2 groups of Type-2 diabetes patients had been monitored in a private clinic, number 40 each group, with 30 females and 50 males. The first group patients relieved oral hypoglycemic drugs as usual but injected by PRP weekly by subcutaneous injection of 3 ml, the second group received oral drugs only. Results: There were significant increases in c-peptide levels in patients with PRP injection with dpp4 inhibitors and metformin for 3 months with p-value less than 0.0001. In the second group patients on oral therapy only there were no significant change in c-peptide levels after 3 months of oral hypoglycemic drugs. Conclusion: As Growth factors (GFs) are considered as a natural biological mediators which control growth, differentiation, and have a role in the process of tissue reform and regeneration. The growth factors in platelet-rich plasma can induce beta cell regeneration and increase beta cell mass by stimulating β-cell neo-genesis and through ductal cell differentiation into β-cells which is detected by an increase in c-peptide levels which may add to Type-2 diabetes treatment.

Effect of autologous PRP on wound healing in dental regenerative surgeries and its correlation with PDGF levels.

INTRODUCTION:Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is the fraction of blood plasma, with increased concentration of platelets, from baseline serum level. Growth factors (GFs) in PRP expedite the soft tissue and bony healing. However, estimation of their levels and role in healing had not been studied extensively. This study gives an insight to the quantification of platelet-derived GF-BB (PDGF-BB) present in PRP and its correlation with the clinical wound healing and bone regeneration.AIMS:This study aims to quantify PDGF-BB levels in PRP with its subsequent correlation with healing in dental regenerative surgeries.SETTINGS AND DESIGN:This was an experimental study including patients undergoing various dental regenerative surgeries.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:Autologous thrombin-activated PRP in the form of PRP gel was used in study group (n = 39) whereas no such intervention was given in control group (n = 30). PDGF-BB quantification was done in PRP samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Clinicoradiological evaluation of healing was done in both the groups.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:Descriptive analysis, independent Z-test, Correlation regression analysis, and ANOVA.RESULTS:Mean platelet concentration achieved in PRP was 5.79 times the baseline count. Mean PDGF-BB concentration in PRP was 31.92 ± 10.47 ng/ml which significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the PRP platelet count. Study group showed significant healing clinically (P < 0.05). Significant bone fill observed in study group at 3 and 6 months when compared to the baseline as well as control group. Furthermore, bone fill at 6 months showed linear correlation with PGDF-BB levels (r = 0. 80).CONCLUSIONS:PRP led to enhanced bone regeneration and soft-tissue healing with former being directly related to higher concentration of PDGF-BB.

Autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) effect on intervertebral disc restoration: an experimental rabbit model.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment for intervertebral disc (IVD) repair and tissue engineering technologies have been the target of intense research with promising results. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of only one intradiscal injection of PRP in the degenerated rabbit IVD and to assess the restoration process over a 6-week follow-up period. The L3-L4 and L4-L5 discs of 18 adult female rabbits were injured, according to an established degenerative model, with an 18-gauge needle, and classified into two groups: In the discs of group A rabbits, after needle puncture, an intradiscal injection of autologous PRP growth factors was performed, using a 27-gauge needle, and in the discs of the control group (group B), the same procedure was followed by intradiscal injection of normal saline. The PRP preparation was carried out aseptically, after blood collection from the same rabbit. During the 6weeks, there was a noteworthy progression of degeneration process in group B, whereas the grade of degeneration was significantly lower in group A, both for annulus fibrosus (AF) and for nucleus pulposus (NP). The intervertebral disc regeneration and reversal process of the lesions are obvious on 45days after the injury, in group A. The hematoxylin and eosin histology grading score and the expression of collagen type II in NP and inner layer of AF were the markers better mirroring the degeneration and restoration process. PRP intradiscal treatment in degenerative disc disease provokes the maintenance of the disc's basic morphological characteristics with restoration being evident early after injury.

Treatment of male pattern alopecia with platelet-rich plasma: A double-blind controlled study with analysis of platelet number and growth factor levels

Promisingresults with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in androgenetic alopecia that could be associated with platelet number and growth factor levels were described. Analyze the platelet countand growth factor levels in PRP and their correlation with hair growth parameters evaluated by using the TrichoScan (Tricholog GmbH, Freiburg, Germany). A total of 26 patients were randomized to receive 4 subcutaneous injections of PRP or saline. Hair growth, hair density, and percentage of anagen hairs were evaluated by using the TrichoScan method before injection, 15days after the last injection, and again 3months after the last injection. Growth factors (platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor) were measured by the Luminex method (Millipore, Bedford, MA). We demonstrated a significant increase in hair count (P= .0016), hair density (P=.012) and percentage of anagen hairs (P=.007) in the PRP group versus in the control group, without correlation with platelet counts or quantification of the growth factors in PRP. Other growth factors that could be related to response to PRP were not evaluated. Our data favor the use of PRP as a therapeutic alternative in the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. The lack of association between platelet count, platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels and clinical improvement suggest that other mechanisms could be involved in this response.

Sustained or higher levels of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma during 7-day storage

BackgroundThe effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for treating soft tissue injuries is still controversial. Most of PRPs were prepared simply by concentrating in volume and were injected right after preparation in physician offices. Neither platelet count nor growth factors were quantitated in advance. We prepared and stored leukocyte and platelet-rich plasma (L-PRP) by regular separation protocols for blood components in the blood bank. And we investigated the dynamic change of growth factors in the L-PRPs over the period of storage. MethodsThe L-PRPs were prepared by 2-step centrifugation and stored agitatedly at22 °C for 7 days in the platelet incubator of blood bank. Levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-basic, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, endothelial growth factor (EGF), and transforming growth factor (TGF) over the period of storage were evaluated daily after freeze-thawing to release growth factors from platelet. ResultsCompared to original whole blood, platelet concentration, VEGF, FGF-basic, PDGF-AB, EGF, and TGF-beta1 levels of L-PRPs significantly increased after PRP preparation. Both HGF and IGF-1 in L-PRPs remained the original plasma level. Platelet, FGF, and TGF-beta1 concentrations sustained during storage, and concentrations of VEGF, HGF, IGF-1, PDGF-AB, and EGF in L-PRPs increased over the period of storage. ConclusionsDuring the storage in blood bank, platelet counts and 7 growth factors sustained or reached higher level than L-PRP obtained on first day. Multiple injections of stored PRPs could become applicable by our protocol.

Concentrations of Blood Components in Commercial Platelet-Rich Plasma Separation Systems: A Review of the Literature

Background: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proven to be a very safe therapeutic option in the treatment of tendon, muscle, bone, and cartilage injuries. Currently, several commercial separation systems are available for the preparation of PRP. The concentrations of blood components in PRP among these separation systems vary substantially. Purpose: To systematically review and evaluate the differences between the concentrations of blood components in PRP produced by various PRP separation systems. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and EMBASE were searched for studies that compared the concentrations of blood components and growth factors in PRP between various separation systems and studies that reported on the concentrations of blood components and growth factors of single separation systems. The primary outcomes were platelet count, leukocyte count, and concentration of growth factors (eg, platelet-derived growth factor–AB [PDGF-AB], transforming growth factor–β1 [TGF-β1], and vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]). Furthermore, the preparation protocols and prices of the systems were compared. Results: There were 1079 studies found, of which 19 studies were selected for inclusion in this review. The concentrations of platelets and leukocytes in PRP differed largely between, and to a lesser extent within, the studied PRP separation systems. Additionally, large differences both between and within the studied PRP separation systems were found for all the growth factors. Furthermore, preparation protocols and prices varied widely between systems. Conclusion: There is a large heterogeneity between PRP separation systems regarding concentrations of platelets, leukocytes, and growth factors in PRP. The choice for the most appropriate type of PRP should be based on the specific clinical field of application. As the ideal concentrations of blood components and growth factors for the specific fields of application are yet to be determined for most of the fields, future research should focus on which type of PRP is most suitable for the specific field.

Comparative evaluation of platelet rich plasma in socket healing and bone regeneration after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.

Background. Surgical removal of mandibular third molars results in pain, swelling and bony defects, causing prolonged postoperative recovery. The growth factors present in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can accelerate the healing, thereby shortening postoperative recovery period. This study was undertaken to evaluate the role of PRP in postoperative socket healing, pain, swelling and bone regeneration following surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Methods. The present case‒control study was conducted on 20 patients with identical bilateral mandibular third molar impaction. PRP was placed randomly on one side of 3rd molar extraction socket and the contralateral side was used as control. Evaluation of soft tissue healing, pain, swelling and radiologic bone density was carried out. Results. Soft tissue healing was better in the PRP compared to the control site. Immediate postoperative assessment of pain scores showed no significant difference between the two groups (Mann-Whitney U test). On the 7th day, pain scores were lower in case site compared to the control site. Measurement of swelling on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day showed statistically significant differences between the case and control sites (P<0.0001). Postoperative mean bone density at the 3rd and 6th postoperative months was significantly higher in the case site compared to the control site (P=0.00001). Conclusion. The results showed an improvement in wound healing and swelling and an increase in the bone density at PRP site. The growth factors in PRP would improve the hard and soft tissue healing 3 months after molar surgery.

Sustained release of multicomponent platelet‐rich plasma proteins from hydrolytically degradable PEG hydrogels

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), an autologous blood derived product is a concentrated mix of multiple growth factors and cytokines. Direct injections of PRP are clinically used for treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders and in wound healing. However, PRP therapy has met with limited clinical success possibly due to unpredictable and premature bolus delivery of PRP growth factors. The objective of this study was to predictably control the bioavailability of PRP growth factors using a hydrolytically degradable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel. We used a step-growth polymerization based on a Michael-type addition reaction between a 6-arm PEG-acrylate and a dithiol crosslinker, which led to the formation of a homogenous hydrogel network under mild, physiologically relevant conditions. Specifically, to model the release of multicomponent PRP through PEG hydrogels, we examined bulk diffusion of PRP as well as model proteins in a size range corresponding to that of growth factors found in PRP. Our results indicated that protein size and hydrogel degradation controlled diffusion of all proteins and that secondary structure of proteins encapsulated during gelation remained unaffected post-release. Analysis of specific PRP proteins released from the hydrogel showed sustained release until complete hydrogel degradation. PRP released from hydrogels promoted proliferation of human dermal fibroblast, indicating retained bioactivity upon encapsulation and release. The versatile hydrogel system holds clinical potential as a therapeutic drug delivery depot of multicomponent mixtures like PRP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 3304-3314, 2017.

The combined use of ozone therapy and autologous platelet-rich plasma as an alternative approach to foot rot treatment for sheep. A preliminary study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ozone therapy and platelet rich plasma (PRP) in the treatment of acute foot rot. The study was carried out on 10 sheep suffering from foot rot compared to a control group of 5 healthy sheep. The therapeutic scheme consisted of two steps: baseline treatment by local ozone application and then, in the case of non-healing, the application of PRP. We analyzed the effectiveness of the combined treatment, as well as the potential toxicity of ozone therapy to the patients. For this purpose, the parameters of oxidative stress, antioxidant defense and systemic inflammatory response were evaluated in the course of the study. Complete recovery was achieved after local ozone application in six of the ten sheep. The remaining four animals also healed after the subsequent PRP therapy. Furthermore, plasma concentrations of fibrinogen and haptoglobin did not change significantly during therapy. All of the observed fluctuations in oxidative parameters were mild and transitory, antioxidant/oxidant balance (AOB) calculated on the basis of antiradical capacity (AC) indicated a higher value just after ozone therapy (128.69±66.01%), whereas AOB calculated on the basis of reducing power (RP) was lower at this time point, with an insignificant increase in the last measurement. Growth factors in PRP were detected using the MALDI TOF method. Our results indicated that ozone therapy did not evoke haematological changes, alterations in acute phase proteins and oxidative status. We demonstrated that the local application of ozone and PRP proved to be an effective ovine foot rot treatment that does not require the conventional use of antibiotics and disinfectants. However, due to the relatively high costs and time requirements of this system, it is potentially most suitable for small, organic farms.

A Method for the Activation of Platelet-Rich Plasma via Bead Mill Homogenizer for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture.

Activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been studied as a replacement for fetal bovine serum (FBS) in stem cell culture. However, current methods are time-consuming or require addition of exogenous substances to activate PRP, which have disadvantages in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a new method for PRP activation using a bead mill homogenizer and compared it with previous methods of PRP activation. PRP was prepared via a two-step centrifugation process and activated via calcium (Ca-PRP), freeze-thaw cycles (FT-PRP), or bead mill homogenizer processing (BM-PRP). Quantification of growth factors in PRP revealed that all forms of activated PRP released higher levels of platelet-derived growth factor-AB and transforming growth factor-β1 than those in platelet-poor plasma; however, BM-PRP resulted in significantly higher levels of growth factors than those from Ca-PRP and FT-PRP. Next, we analyzed the ability of the various forms of PRP to stimulate proliferation, migration, and differentiation of umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs). Our results showed that BM-PRP significantly increased proliferation and migration rates of UCB-MSCs while maintaining the phenotypical properties and stem cell abilities of MSCs. Therefore, the developed method could be suitable for PRP activation, and the BM-activated PRP could be an adequate replacement for FBS in stem cell culture.

Unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma in the treatment of non scarring alopecia

The literature review of the cellular functioning mechanisms of the hair follicles, the role of stem cells in the life cycle of the hair, the major effects of growth factors are presented. Authors, patented treatment method of non scarring alopecia is described. The technology ofpreparation and method of use of unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma in various forms of alopecia are described. Own clinical observation of 60 patients with non scarring alopecia and results of their unactivated platelet leukocyte autoplasma are presented. 80% of patients had a clinical cure. Investigations of platelet concentration, white blood cells and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma and platelet leukocyte unactivated autoplasma were performed. The results are shown in the article.

Concentrations of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in a rabbit model

Concentrations of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin in a rabbit model

Analysis of cytokine profile and growth factors in platelet-rich plasma obtained by open systems and commercial columns.

ABSTRACTObjective:To evaluate growth factors and cytokines in samples of platelet-rich plasma obtained by three different centrifugation methods.Methods:Peripheral blood of six individuals with no hematological diseases, aged 18 to 68 years, was drawn to obtain platelet-rich plasma, using the open method and commercial columns by Medtronic and Biomet. The products obtained with the different types of centrifugation were submitted to laboratory analysis, including pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by flow cytometry assays, the concentration of fibroblast growth factors-2 (FGF-2) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1).Results:The diverse separation methods generated systematically different profiles regarding number of platelets and leukocytes. The Medtronic system yielded a product with the highest concentration of platelets, and the open method, with the lowest concentration of platelets. The results of cytokine analysis showed that the different types of centrifugation yielded products with high concentrations of interleukin 8, interleukin 1β. The open system resulted in a product with high levels of interleukin 6. Other cytokines and chemokines measured were similar between systems. The product obtained with the open method showed higher levels of TGF-β1 in relation to other systems and low FGF-2 levels.Conclusion:The formed elements, growth factors and cytokines in samples of platelet-rich plasma varied according to the centrifugation technique used.

Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid, Separately and in Combination, for Hip Osteoarthritis

Background: The effectiveness of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections has been evaluated in knee chondroplasty and osteoarthritis (OA); however, little evidence of its efficacy in hip OA exists. Purpose: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of autologous PRP, hyaluronic acid (HA), or a combination of both (PRP+HA) in hip OA. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: Patients aged between 18 and 65 years who were treated with outpatient surgery and who had hip OA and pain intensity at baseline of >20 on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) were recruited for this study. Exclusion criteria were extensive surgery; presence of excessive deformities; or rheumatic, infective, cardiovascular, or immune system disorders. The primary outcome measure was a change in pain intensity as assessed by the VAS at 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Secondary outcome measures were the Harris Hip Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and concentration of growth factors in PRP and their correlation with clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by assessors and collectors blinded to the type of treatment administered. Results: A total of 111 patients were randomly assigned to 3 groups and received 3 weekly injections of either PRP (44 patients), PRP+HA (31 patients), or HA (36 patients). At all follow-ups, the PRP group had the lowest VAS scores. In particular, at 6-month follow-up, the mean VAS score was 21 (95% CI, 15-28) in the PRP group, 35 (95% CI, 26-45) in the PRP+HA group, and 44 (95% CI, 36-52) in the HA group (P < .0005 [PRP vs HA] and P = .007 [PRP vs PRP+HA]; F = 0.663). The WOMAC score of the PRP group was significantly better at 2-month follow-up (mean, 73; 95% CI, 68-78) and 6-month follow-up (mean, 72; 95% CI, 67-76) but not at 12-month follow-up. A significant, “moderate” correlation was found between interleukin-10 and variations of the VAS score (r = 0.392; P = .040). Significant improvements were achieved in reducing pain and ameliorating quality of life and functional recovery. Conclusion: Results indicated that intra-articular PRP injections offer a significant clinical improvement in patients with hip OA without relevant side effects. The benefit was significantly more stable up to 12 months as compared with the other tested treatments. The addition of PRP+HA did not lead to a significant improvement in pain symptoms.

Periodontal tissue regeneration with PRP incorporated gelatin hydrogel sponges

Gelatin hydrogels have been designed and prepared for the controlled release of the transforming growth factor (TGF-b1) and the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). PRP (Platelet rich plasma) contains many growth factors including the PDGF and TGF-b1. The objective of this study was to evaluate the regeneration of periodontal tissue following the controlled release of growth factors in PRP. For the periodontal ligament cells and osteoblast, PRP of different concentrations was added. The assessment of DNA, mitochondrial activity and ALP activity were measured. To evaluate the TGF-β1 release from PRP incorporated gelatin sponge, amounts of TGF-β1 in each supernatant sample were determined by the ELISA. Transplantation experiments to prepare a bone defect in a rat alveolar bone were an implanted gelatin sponge incorporated with different concentration PRP. In DNA assay and MTT assay, after the addition of PRP to the periodontal ligament cells and osteoblast, the cell count and mitochondrial activity had increased the most in the group with the addition of 5 × PRP. In the ALP assay, after the addition of PRP to the periodontal ligament cells, the cell activity had increased the most in the group with the addition of 3 × PRP. In the transplantation, the size of the bone regenerated in the defect with 3 × PRP incorporated gelatin sponge was larger than that of the other group.

The effects of platelet-rich plasma on the proliferation and release of growth factors from periodontal ligament cells

Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) play an important role in the regeneration of periodontium. The healing potential of PDLCs may be due to the high concentration of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In this study, the effects of PRP on the proliferation and activation of PDLCs and growth factor release from PDLCs were investigated. PDLCs were isolated from third molars or premolars of healthy patients. Whole blood was obtained from healthy volunteers for the preparation of activated PRP. The platelet concentration in PRP was measured and the amount of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB, PDGF-BB, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effects of activated PRP on PDLC proliferation, attachment, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and growth factor release were investigated. Platelet concentration was increased 5.41-fold in PRP compared to whole blood. PDGF-AB, PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, and VEGF were detected in PRP at concentrations of 273.38 ng/mL, 47.0 ng/mL, 168.42 ng/mL, and 510.56 pg/mL, respectively. PDLCs cultured with ≥10% PRP showed significantly increased cell proliferation and ALP activity compared to the control (p<0.05). PDLCs cultured with 10% PRP also presented higher cell attachment and increased release of TGF-β1 and VEGF compared to the control (p<0.05). PRP can deliver high concentrations of growth factors to a defect site to increase the proliferation, attachment, and ALP activity of PDLCs. These results suggest that PRP might effectively contribute to periodontal regeneration.

The Lipid Portion of Activated Platelet-Rich Plasma Significantly Contributes to Its Wound Healing Properties.

Objective: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a popular choice for the treatment of chronic wounds. Current dogma attributes these healing properties to the peptide growth factors of PRP. However, PRP is also rich in bioactive lipids whose contribution to healing has not been characterized and warrants investigation due to the protease-rich environment of chronic wounds. Approach: The lipid fraction of PRP was tested with respect to proliferation and migration of primary adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa)±exposure to chronic wound fluid (CWF). This fraction was also characterized via LC-MS/MS for bioactive lipids. A synthetic formulation of the bioactive lipid composition was developed and tested for the ability to overcome proliferative growth arrest induced by CWF. Results: The data demonstrate the ability of the lipid fraction of PRP to significantly enhance the migration and proliferation of HDFa, and to overcome the proliferative growth arrest induced by CWF. Furthermore, the synthetic lipid formulation generated following characterization of the PRP lipidome demonstrated a similar ability to overcome proliferative arrest of HDFa in the presence of CWF. Innovation: For the first time, we demonstrate the relevance of the lipid fraction of PRP toward the biology of wound healing. These studies open the possibility of altering the lipid profile of PRP via diet or exogenous pathway manipulation to obtain a better healing outcome. Conclusion: The lipid fraction of PRP is under investigated and yet relevant component in wound healing. The current study demonstrates the relevance of this fraction in wound healing by PRP.