Growth Anddevelopment Research Articles

Integrated Social-sector Macroeconometric Model for Pakistan

While the traditional neoclassical production model postulates that it is the physical inputs such as private capital, labour, land, and technology that are the key determinants of output and economic development, in recent years, however, the social sector variables are also considered to be critical, particularly for the long-run sustainable growth of the economy. If fact, what has been argued in the form of “new growth theories” is that social variables (e.g., education, health, knowledge, etc.) generate “positive externalities” and, thus, may facilitate and foster the process of economic growth and development. Recently, the World Bank, based on a broad cross-country study, found some very interesting results in the above context. According to the World Development Report (1991): about fifty percent of the factor productivity contribution to output growth comes not from traditional physical inputs (capital, labour and land) but is a residual factor. This unexplained factor, in the past, has been labelled (or as the Report called it “baptised”) as “technological change”, however, the World Bank (1991, p. 42) claims that:

Managing a Police Welfare Function

Describes and explains the welfare function of a large police authority. Discusses the historical development of police welfare before explaining the present function. The manager describes her own growth and development over a seven year period. Explains the actual work undertaken by police welfare. The impact of the various major disasters on society generally and on the emergency and service workers is acknowledged as the impetus for change within the police service. Explores welfare and counselling within the police culture, which is both hierarchical and disciplined, with reference particularly to confidentiality and ethics.

Effect of bovine somatotropin administration during the last trimester of gestation on maternal growth, and foetal and placental development in primigravid ewes

AbstractTwenty-five primigravid ewes were used in a preliminary study to investigate the effect of bovine somatotropin (bST) between 97 and 124 days of gestation, on maternaland foetal growthand development. Five ewes (reference group) were slaughteredat 96 days of gestation, and the remaining ewes were injected daily with saline (control group: no = 10) or 0·1 mg/kgbody weight of bST (bST group: no. = 10). Following bST treatment, five control- and five bST groupewes were slaughtered (slaughter group). The remaining ewes (production group) were allowed to lamb, after which the lambs were slaughtered within 2 h of birth. Bovine somatotropin reducedthe proportion of maternal body fat, but had no major impacton wool growth, maternal gain and gross skeletal measurements, and foetal growth and development. Maternal bST treatment tended to affect the number of placentomes. It should, however, be emphasized that these results are based on small numbers of animals and that further research in this area is required.

Productivity: The Mindef Experience

Discusses the management philosophy and productivity principles utilized by Singapore′s ministry of defence in the light of that country′s limited resources and reliance on people for growth and development. States the guiding principles of the Mindef Productivity Movement, how productivity is defined, personnel participation systems, feedback and evaluation, and Work Improvement Team systems, in addition to publicity and promotion of the movement.

Teaching the Foundations of Education: A Developmental Perspective

The Education Department at La Salle University in Philadelphia has restructuredits teacher preparation program around the principles of human growth anddevelopment. Instructors teaching the foundations courses are encouraged tostress developmental principles through the application of four themes: (a)Educational Practice in Developmental Perspective, (b) Image of the Child inDevelopmental Perspective, (c) Educational Theory in Developmental Perspective,and (d) Educational Language in Developmental Perspective. The focus andcoherence of foundations courses approached according to these themes wouldbe improved, especially because these courses are frequently weakened byencyclopedic, disj uncted texts and by inadequately trained instructors.

Plant Growth Substances and the Regulation of Growth Under Drought

This paper reviews briefly the effects of water deficits on the synthesis and distribution of plant growth regulators with some emphasis on genotypic variation in synthesis. The effects of abscisic acid on growth and development are also considered and interactions between growth regulators are highlighted. One possible role for a growth regulator in providing a mechanism to regulate physiology, growth and development as a function of water availability is discussed in detail. It is proposed that reduction in root tip turgor will reduce the synthesis and transport of cytokinins in the root tip and that this reduced transport, perhaps combined with drought-induced reduced uptake of nutrients from the soil, will influence the physiology of the shoot independently from any hydraulic influence.

Photoperiodic regulation of the gonadal recrudescence in common Indian Rosefinch: Dependence on circadian rhythms

AbstractMale Rosefinches, previously treated with short days (8L: 16D), were held under six different light regimes (resonance light cycles) in which a main 6‐hr photophase was combined with varying durations of scotophases (6L/6(2n + l)D)L, light phase; D, dark phase; n, number of multiples of 6D. ; one group was also placed under long days (15L:9D) which served as control. Birds placed under long days as well as 6L:6D, 6L:30D, 6L:54D showed complete gonadal growthand development, while birds under 6L:18D, 6L:42D, 6L:66D showed no testicular growth and behaved as if they had been exposed to short days. These results are consistent with the Bünning hypothesis and indicate that the photoperiodic time measurement in Common Indian Rosefinches (Carpodacus erythrinus) involves an endogenous rhythm of approximately 24 hr in duration.

Research results of local buckwheat varieties and forms of Ukrainian origin

The national collection of buckwheat in Ukraine consists of 578 local samples and forms of Ukrainian origin addedinto the collection during 1929 to 2012. In 1994-2000 and 2014-2018, the material has been studied and described, thecommon characteristics of samples peculiar of a certain area of origin, feature manifestation peculiarities, material flex­ibility and stability of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics depending on the weather in growing years havebeen identified. The range of studies included sample performance indicators, architectonic values, grain characteristics,and so on. A common characteristic of local buckwheat varieties is a significant sensitivity to changes in growing con­ditions, which is reflected in the change of growth processes (increase in the plant height by lengthening of internodes,the number of branches of the second and higher orders, the number of leaves per plant) and adjustment of the growthduration (lengthening the duration of the growing season after the onset of more favorable conditions for growth anddevelopment). The performance indicators related to the grain characteristics are quite stable. However, the generaltrends characteristic of plants from a certain origin of the collection material remained unchanged.Received: March 27, 2019; accepted: May 25, 2019Keywords: accesses, buckwheat, collection, local varieties and forms

Efecto del consumo de dieta líquida y alimento balanceado sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal en terneras de lechería

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del consumo de dieta líquida y alimento balanceado sobre el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal en terneras de lechería. El experimento se llevó a cabo en una finca comercial ubicada a 2500 msnm en la provincia de Cartago, Costa Rica. Diez animales de la raza Holstein se seleccionaron al nacimiento y se incluyeron aleatoriamente en 1 de 2 tratamientos.El tratamiento convencional consistió en ofrecer a los animales una dieta líquida de forma restringida (4 l.animal-1.d-1). El tratamiento intensivo consistió en suministrar a los animales la dieta líquida en mayores cantidades, hasta alcanzar un consumo de 8 l.animal-1.d-1. Se realizaron mediciones semanales de peso, altura a la cruz y a la cadera. Los animales se sacrificaron a las 8 semanas, con el fin de hacer evaluaciones y poder comparar el crecimiento y desarrollo ruminal. Los animales en el tratamiento intensivo presentaron menores consumos de alimento balanceado. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto al peso corporal, altura a la cruz o altura a la cadera entre tratamientos. Al brindar una mayor cantidad de leche con el tratamiento intensivo, se observó un menor desarrollo del rumen y del crecimiento de sus papilas, lo que puede afectar negativamente el desempeño posdesdete de los animales.

Colored striae in adolescent children

Summary During a study on aspects of growthand development of children between the ages of 10 and 16 years, pink to violaceous-colored striae over the gluteal region were commonly noted. It was observed that these striae may occur at any stage of adolescence but were more frequent in the later period. They were always associated with one or more of the recognized signs of adrenocortical stimulation. There was a definite association with acne, genital and breast development, pubic hair, and the menarche. Of interest were the changes thattook place in these colored striae, which gradually became white, leaving a permanent white meshwork of lines. While the colored striae were very commonly found in obese subjects, especially girls, many adolescent children who had striae were not obese. Conversely, it was not unusual to see a truly obese child in a stage of adolescence without striae. Our observations indicate that: 1. Colored striae are a definite signof adolescence. 2. Striae become white during thelater stages of adolescence. 3. Striae are not necessarily associated with obesity and are not to be considered merely as “stretch marks.” 4. Acne is more common and moresevere in adolescent children with colored striae.