Growth Advantage Research Articles

Cofitness network connectivity determines a fuzzy essential zone in open bacterial pangenome.

Most in silico evolutionary studies commonly assumed that core genes are essential for cellular function, while accessory genes are dispensable, particularly in nutrient-rich environments. However, this assumption is seldom tested genetically within the pangenome context. In this study, we conducted a robust pangenomic Tn-seq analysis of fitness genes in a nutrient-rich medium for Sinorhizobium strains with a canonical open pangenome. To evaluate the robustness of fitness category assignment, Tn-seq data for three independent mutant libraries per strain were analyzed by three methods, which indicates that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM)-based method is most robust to variations between mutant libraries and not sensitive to data size, outperforming the Bayesian and Monte Carlo simulation-based methods. Consequently, the HMM method was used to classify the fitness category. Fitness genes, categorized as essential (ES), advantage (GA), and disadvantage (GD) genes for growth, are enriched in core genes, while nonessential genes (NE) are over-represented in accessory genes. Accessory ES/GA genes showed a lower fitness effect than core ES/GA genes. Connectivity degrees in the cofitness network decrease in the order of ES, GD, and GA/NE. In addition to accessory genes, 1599 out of 3284 core genes display differential essentiality across test strains. Within the pangenome core, both shared quasi-essential (ES and GA) and strain-dependent fitness genes are enriched in similar functional categories. Our analysis demonstrates a considerable fuzzy essential zone determined by cofitness connectivity degrees in Sinorhizobium pangenome and highlights the power of the cofitness network in understanding the genetic basis of ever-increasing prokaryotic pangenome data.

Integrative ATAC-seq and RNA-seq Analysis of the Longissimus Dorsi Muscle of Gannan Yak and Jeryak.

Jeryak is the F1 generation of the cross between Gannan yak and Jersey cattle, which has the advantages of fast growth and high adaptability. The growth and development of skeletal muscle is closely linked to meat production and the quality of meat. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of muscle growth differences between Gannan yak and Jeryak analyzed from the perspective of chromatin opening have not been reported. In this study, ATAC-seq was used to analyze the difference of chromatin openness in longissimus muscle of Gannan yak and Jeryak. It was found that chromatin accessibility was more enriched in Jeryak compared to Gannan yak, especially in the range of the transcription start site (TSS) ± 2 kb. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis indicate that differential peak-associated genes are involved in the negative regulation of muscle adaptation and the Hippo signaling pathway. Integration analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq revealed overlapping genes were significantly enriched during skeletal muscle cell differentiation and muscle organ morphogenesis. At the same time, we screened FOXO1, ZBED6, CRY2 and CFL2 for possible involvement in skeletal muscle development, constructed a genes and transcription factors network map, and found that some transcription factors (TFs), including YY1, KLF4, KLF5 and Bach1, were involved in skeletal muscle development. Overall, we have gained a comprehensive understanding of the key factors that impact skeletal muscle development in various breeds of cattle, providing new insights for future analysis of the molecular regulatory mechanisms involved in muscle growth and development.

Data-driven strategies for business expansion: Utilizing predictive analytics for enhanced profitability and opportunity identification

In today's hyper-competitive business landscape, leveraging data-driven strategies is paramount for sustainable growth and profitability. This review presents an overview of the imperative role of predictive analytics in facilitating business expansion by enhancing profitability and identifying opportunities. Predictive analytics harnesses historical data and advanced modeling techniques to forecast future trends, enabling businesses to make informed decisions with precision. By understanding predictive analytics, businesses can effectively identify expansion opportunities by analyzing market trends, segmenting customer bases, and uncovering new markets and niches. Moreover, predictive analytics empowers organizations to enhance profitability through optimized pricing strategies, demand forecasting, and personalized marketing initiatives tailored to customer preferences and behaviors. Implementing data-driven strategies for business expansion requires building a robust data infrastructure, selecting appropriate tools and technologies, and fostering a data-driven culture within the organization. Real-world case studies illustrate the transformative impact of predictive analytics on business expansion, offering insights into best practices and lessons learned. Despite the undeniable benefits of predictive analytics, challenges such as data privacy concerns, ensuring data quality, and organizational resistance must be addressed. However, the rewards of embracing data-driven decision-making far outweigh the challenges, positioning businesses for sustainable growth and competitive advantage in the dynamic marketplace. In conclusion, this review emphasizes the critical role of predictive analytics in driving business expansion by enhancing profitability and opportunity identification. By harnessing the power of data, businesses can unlock new avenues for growth, mitigate risks, and stay ahead of the curve in today's data-driven economy.

Fitness models provide accurate short-term forecasts of SARS-CoV-2 variant frequency.

Genomic surveillance of pathogen evolution is essential for public health response, treatment strategies, and vaccine development. In the context of SARS-COV-2, multiple models have been developed including Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR) describing variant frequency growth as well as Fixed Growth Advantage (FGA), Growth Advantage Random Walk (GARW) and Piantham parameterizations describing variant R t . These models provide estimates of variant fitness and can be used to forecast changes in variant frequency. We introduce a framework for evaluating real-time forecasts of variant frequencies, and apply this framework to the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 during 2022 in which multiple new viral variants emerged and rapidly spread through the population. We compare models across representative countries with different intensities of genomic surveillance. Retrospective assessment of model accuracy highlights that most models of variant frequency perform well and are able to produce reasonable forecasts. We find that the simple MLR model provides ~0.6% median absolute error and ~6% mean absolute error when forecasting 30 days out for countries with robust genomic surveillance. We investigate impacts of sequence quantity and quality across countries on forecast accuracy and conduct systematic downsampling to identify that 1000 sequences per week is fully sufficient for accurate short-term forecasts. We conclude that fitness models represent a useful prognostic tool for short-term evolutionary forecasting.

Salmonella Typhimurium expansion in the inflamed murine gut is dependent on aspartate derived from ROS-mediated microbiota lysis

Inflammation boosts the availability of electron acceptors in the intestinal lumen, creating a favorable niche for pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae. However, the mechanisms linking intestinal inflammation-mediated changes in luminal metabolites and pathogen expansion remain unclear. Here, we show that mucosal inflammation induced by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) infection increases intestinal levels of the amino acid aspartate. S. Tm used aspartate-ammonia lyase (aspA)-dependent fumarate respiration for growth in the murine gut only during inflammation. AspA-dependent growth advantage was abolished in the gut of germ-free mice and restored in gnotobiotic mice colonized with members of the classes Bacteroidia and Clostridia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the host response caused lysis of commensal microbes, resulting in the release of microbiota-derived aspartate that was used by S. Tm, in concert with nitrate-dependent anaerobic respiration, to outcompete commensal Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings demonstrate the role of microbiota-derived amino acids in driving respiration-dependent S. Tm expansion during colitis.

Successive selection responses of tetraploid Crassostrea angulata: Comparison of growth, survival, sex ratio and ploidy composition between selected and unselected groups

Triploid Crassostrea angulata has the advantages of fast growth, poor fertility and high quality. However, due to poor fertility, direct genetic improvement is difficult. Mating between tetraploid males and diploid females has been shown to be the best method for commercial triploid production, so genetic improvement of tetraploids will directly affect the phenotypic traits of triploid offspring. However, to date, few studies have investigated the genetic improvement of tetraploid oysters. Based on the induced tetraploid C. angulata population, this study carried out three successive generations of growth selective breeding research, and systematically compared the growth, survival, ploidy composition and sex ratio of the selected group and the control group. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the survival rate from planktonic larvae to adult between the two groups. However, the growth of the selected group was significantly higher than that of the control group, that was, the shell height and whole weight of S3 were significantly higher than that of C3, and the selection advantage of shell height increased from 7.80% of S1 to 34.68% of S3. The ploidy composition of the two tetraploid groups was relatively stable before the 90th days, but on the 270th day, some tetraploids underwent chromosome loss and transformed into diploids or triploids, which might be related to gametogenesis of tetraploids. Moreover, with the increase of generations, the number of individuals with chromosome loss in the selected group gradually decreased, and their ploidy became more stable than that in the control group. In addition, both groups were fertile, with a sex ratio of more males than females, and a proportion of hermaphrodite individuals. In conclusion, this study successfully selected a fast growth line of tetraploid C. angulata, which can be used for commercial production of fast-growing triploid C. angulata, and provides a basis and reference for the genetic improvement of tetraploid oysters.

How Enterprises Achieve Frugal Innovation: A Configurational Study Based on the Model of Organizational Symbiosis

Frugal innovation offers cost-effective, demand-driven products for consumers in emerging markets. By leveraging this approach, enterprises can capitalize on opportunities, boost profits, and nurture beneficial consumer relationships. This study uses the transaction cost theory to explore how symbiotic relationships within environmental turbulence influence frugal innovation. The goal is to unravel the interconnected factors that drive high-performance frugal innovation, providing enterprises with a roadmap for seizing opportunities, enhancing profitability, and cultivating enduring consumer relationships. Data from 218 Chinese enterprises were collected through a survey and analyzed using fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) methods. The research findings indicate that factors such as market dynamics, technological dynamics, collaboration with suppliers and customers, relationship governance, contract governance, and inter-organizational trust are not necessary prerequisites for high frugal innovation performance. Instead, the synergy among these factors is imperative for reaching elevated levels of frugal innovation performance. Furthermore, three distinct pathways to heightened frugal innovation performance were identified: a dual-drive mechanism involving membership relationships and governance mechanisms, a membership-driven approach in dynamic technological conditions, and a governance mechanism-driven approach in dynamic market conditions. This study offers valuable theoretical and practical insights for enterprises pursuing frugal innovation in turbulent environments, guiding them towards sustained growth and competitive advantages in new markets.

The Relationship between Perceptions of High-Performance Work Systems and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Considering the Moderating Effect of a Positive Diversity Climate

Companies have shown interest in advanced human resource management as a means to secure distinctive competitive advantages for organizational survival and growth through sustainable management systems. Hence, in the current context, where sustainability in business is a growing concern, the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between high-performance work systems and a company’s social performance, taking into account the organizational climate as a situational variable. Specifically, this study aimed to analyze the impact of perceptions of a high-performance work system on the perception of a company’s social responsibility (CSR) among employees of Jordanian companies with an organizational size of 300 or more. This study used 175 valid questionnaires, and SPSS and AMOS 24 were used to test the hypotheses. The results showed that there was a positive relationship between the perception of a high-performance work system and the perception of a company’s CSR. Furthermore, this study found that a positive diversity climate could enhance the positive relationship between the two. These findings suggest that high-performance work systems can contribute to the development of sustainable human resource management systems and that a positive diversity climate is essential in shaping these systems. Based on these results, it is recommended that companies implement HPWSs and encourage workforce diversity to maximize the value of CSR activities and ensure their sustainability.

Adaptations of membrane trafficking in cancer and tumorigenesis.

Membrane trafficking, a fundamental cellular process encompassing the transport of molecules to specific organelles, endocytosis at the plasma membrane and protein secretion, is crucial for cellular homeostasis and signalling. Cancer cells adapt membrane trafficking to enhance their survival and metabolism, and understanding these adaptations is vital for improving patient responses to therapy and identifying therapeutic targets. In this Review, we provide a concise overview of major membrane trafficking pathways and detail adaptations in these pathways, including COPII-dependent endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi vesicle trafficking, COPI-dependent retrograde Golgi-to-ER trafficking and endocytosis, that have been found in cancer. We explore how these adaptations confer growth advantages or resistance to cell death and conclude by discussing the potential for utilising this knowledge in developing new treatment strategies and overcoming drug resistance for cancer patients.

Self-Adaptive Graphdiyne/Sn Interface for High-Performance Sodium Storage.

Efficiently reconciling the substantial volume strain with maintaining the stabilities of both interfacial protection and three-dimensional (3D) conductive networks is a scientific and technical challenge in developing tin-based anodes for sodium ion storage. To address this issue, a proof-of-concept self-adaptive protection for the Sn anode is designed, taking advantage of the arbitrary substrate growth of graphdiyne. This protective layer, employing a flexible chain doping strategy, combines the benefits of 2D graphdiyne and linear chain structures to achieve 2D mechanical stability, electronic and ion conductions, ion selectivity, adequate elongation, and flexibility. It establishes close contact with the Sn particles and can adapt to dynamic size changes while effectively facilitating both electronic and ion transports. It successfully mitigates the detrimental effects of particle pulverization and coarsening induced by large-volume changes. The as-obtained Sn electrodes demonstrate exceptional stability, enduring 1800 cycles at a high current density of 2.5 A g-1. This strategy promises to address the general issues associated with large-strain electrodes in next-generation of high-energy-density batteries.

The impact of commingling preconditioned calves on mortality, morbidity and performance in a feedlot

Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important disease in the North American beef industry, causing substantial eco­nomic losses due to morbidity and mortality, including treat­ments, reduced performance, and increased antimicrobial use. Preconditioning (PC) to mitigate BRD was proposed as early as 1967 and constitutes management practices that reduce stressors and optimize resilience through vaccination against bacterial and viral pathogens, optimized timing of dehorning, castration, best weaning strategy, and training calves to eat from a bunk and drink from a water source at least 45 d before transport to the feedlot. Despite proven profits for precondi­tioning of beef calves, PC hasn’t been established in the current beef industry. Besides the lack of premiums paid, there is also the question if commingling of PC and auction-derived (AD) calves in the feedlot can hamper PC calves’ expected growth and health advantages. Therefore, our objective was to evalu­ate the impact of optimally preconditioned calves on mortality, morbidity and average daily gain (ADG) during the first 40 days in the feedlot when PC calves where commingled with different proportions of AD calves (25, 50, 75%).

Mechanics limits ecological diversity and promotes heterogeneity in confined bacterial communities

Multispecies bacterial populations often inhabit confined and densely packed environments where spatial competition determines the ecological diversity of the community. However, the role of mechanical interactions in shaping the ecology is still poorly understood. Here, we study a model system consisting of two populations of nonmotile Escherichia coli bacteria competing within open, monolayer microchannels. The competitive dynamics is observed to be biphasic: After seeding, either one strain rapidly fixates or both strains orient into spatially stratified, stable communities. We find that mechanical interactions with other cells and local spatial constraints influence the resulting community ecology in unexpected ways, severely limiting the overall diversity of the communities while simultaneously allowing for the establishment of stable, heterogeneous populations of bacteria displaying disparate growth rates. Surprisingly, the populations have a high probability of coexisting even when one strain has a significant growth advantage. A more coccus morphology is shown to provide a selective advantage, but agent-based simulations indicate this is due to hydrodynamic and adhesion effects within the microchannel and not from breaking of the nematic ordering. Our observations are qualitatively reproduced by a simple Pólya urn model, which suggests the generality of our findings for confined population dynamics and highlights the importance of early colonization conditions on the resulting diversity and ecology of bacterial communities. These results provide fundamental insights into the determinants of community diversity in dense confined ecosystems where spatial exclusion is central to competition as in organized biofilms or intestinal crypts.

Emergence of an IncX3 plasmid co-harbouring the carbapenemase genes blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181.

The spread of transmissible plasmids with carbapenemase genes has contributed to a global increase in carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales over the past two decades, with blaNDM and blaOXA among the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. To characterize an Escherichia coli isolate co-carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 (JBEHAAB-19-0176) that was isolated in the Japan Antimicrobial Resistant Bacterial Surveillance in 2019-20, and to evaluate the functional advantage of carrying both genes as opposed to only one. The whole-genome sequence of the isolate was determined using long- and short-read sequencing. Growth assay and co-culture experiments were performed for phenotypic characterization in the presence of different β-lactam antibiotics. WGS analysis showed that blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 were carried by the same IncX3 plasmid, pJBEHAAB-19-0176_NDM-OXA. Genetic characterization of the plasmid suggested that the plasmid emerged through the formation of a co-integrate and resolution of two typical IncX3 plasmids harbouring blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181, which involved two recombination events at the IS3000 and IS26 sequences. When cultured in the presence of piperacillin or cefpodoxime, the growth rate of the transformant co-harbouring blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181 was significantly higher than the transformant with only blaNDM-5. Furthermore, in co-culture where the two blaNDM-5-harbouring transformants were allowed to compete directly, the strain additionally harbouring blaOXA-181 showed a marked growth advantage. The additional carriage of blaOXA-181 confers a selective advantage to bacteria in the presence of piperacillin and cefpodoxime. These findings may explain the current epidemiology of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales, in which bacteria carrying both blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-48-like genes have emerged independently worldwide.

Technical support as a catalyst for innovation and special project success in oil and gas

In the dynamic landscape of the oil and gas industry, technical support emerges as a pivotal force driving innovation and ensuring the success of special projects. This paper explores the multifaceted role of technical support in this sector, shedding light on its significance in maintaining operational efficiency, safety, and fostering innovation. Amidst the ever-evolving challenges faced by the industry, from fluctuating market demands to stringent regulatory requirements, technical support stands as a cornerstone in navigating complexities and driving progress. Drawing from real-world examples and industry insights, the paper elucidates the challenges and opportunities encountered in fostering innovation within the oil and gas sector. It highlights the critical role of technical support in identifying technological gaps, spearheading research and development initiatives, and facilitating the implementation of innovative solutions. Moreover, the paper delves into the realm of special projects, exploring their importance in driving strategic growth and competitive advantage. It examines the challenges inherent in executing special projects and underscores the indispensable role of technical support in mitigating risks and ensuring successful outcomes. Through a comprehensive analysis of best practices and case studies, the paper elucidates strategies for leveraging technical support as a catalyst for innovation and special project success in oil and gas. It emphasizes the importance of integrating technical support into innovation initiatives, fostering collaboration across multidisciplinary teams, and investing in advanced technologies and expertise. Ultimately, the paper underscores the transformative potential of technical support in shaping the future of oil and gas operations, driving sustainable growth, and fostering resilience in an ever-changing landscape. Keywords: Technical Support, Catalyst for Innovation, Special Project Success, Oil and Gas.

A Study on the Marketing Strategies of Three Squirrels on Short Video Platforms

This study examines the marketing strategies employed by Three Squirrels on short video platforms, aiming to understand how these strategies contribute to the brand’s growth and competitive advantage in the evolving digital landscape. With the rise of platforms like TikTok, short video marketing has become a powerful tool for brands to engage with consumers through innovative content and interactive experiences. Using a case study approach, this research analyzes Three Squirrels' tactics, including frequent product releases, the creation of best-selling items, influencer collaborations, and precision marketing. The study reveals that Three Squirrels' strategic use of short video platforms has significantly boosted brand visibility, sales conversion rates, and consumer loyalty. Key findings include the impact of influencer partnerships on driving sales and the effectiveness of precision marketing in enhancing user engagement. These results highlight the importance of adapting marketing strategies to the dynamic nature of digital media. In conclusion, the success of Three Squirrels on short video platforms underscores the critical role of innovative digital marketing strategies in maintaining market competitiveness and fostering brand growth. This research provides valuable insights for other companies looking to leverage short video platforms to achieve sustainable development.

Construction and analysis of a reliable five-gene prognostic signature for colon adenocarcinoma associated with the wild-type allelic state of the COL6A6 gene.

Tumors emerge by acquiring a number of mutations over time. The first mutation provides a selective growth advantage compared to adjacent epithelial cells, allowing the cell to create a clone that can outgrow the cells that surround it. Subsequent mutations determine the risk of the tumor progressing to metastatic cancer. Some secondary mutations may inhibit the aggressiveness of the tumor while still increasing the survival of the clone. Meaningful mutations in genes may provide a strong molecular foundation for developing novel therapeutic strategies for cancer. The somatic mutation and prognosis in colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) were analyzed. The copy number variation (CNV) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the collagen type VI alpha 6 chain (COL6A6) mutation (COL6A6-MUT) and the COL6A6 wild-type (COL6A6-WT) subgroups were evaluated. The independent prognostic signatures based on COL6A6-allelic state were determined to construct a Cox model. The biological characteristics and the immune microenvironment between the two risk groups were compared. COL6A6 was found to be highly mutated in COAD at a frequency of 9%. Patients with COL6A6-MUT had a good overall survival (OS) compared to those with COL6A6-WT, who had a different CNV pattern. Significant differences in gene expression were established for 593 genes between the COL6A6-MUT and COL6A6-WT samples. Among them, MUC16, ASNSP1, PRR18, PEG10, and RPL26P8 were determined to be independent prognostic factors. The internally validated prognostic risk model, constructed using these five genes, demonstrated its value by revealing a significant difference in patient prognosis between the high-risk and low-risk groups. Specifically, patients in the high-risk group exhibited a considerably worse prognosis than did those in the low-risk group. The high-risk group had a significantly higher proportion of patients over 60 years of age and patients in stage III. Moreover, the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE) score and the expression of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) family genes were all higher in the high-risk group than that in the low-risk group. The allelic state of COL6A6 and the five associated DEGs were identified as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of COAD and may be therapeutic targets in COAD.

Ex vivo gene editing and cell therapy for hereditary tyrosinemia type 1.

We previously demonstrated the successful use of in vivo CRISPR gene editing to delete 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPD) to rescue mice deficient in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH), a disorder known as hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1). The aim of this study was to develop an ex vivo gene-editing protocol and apply it as a cell therapy for HT1. We isolated hepatocytes from wild-type (C57BL/6J) and Fah-/- mice and then used an optimized electroporation protocol to deliver Hpd-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins into hepatocytes. Next, hepatocytes were transiently incubated in cytokine recovery media formulated to block apoptosis, followed by splenic injection into recipient Fah-/- mice. We observed robust engraftment and expansion of transplanted gene-edited hepatocytes from wild-type donors in the livers of recipient mice when transient incubation with our cytokine recovery media was used after electroporation and negligible engraftment without the media (mean: 46.8% and 0.83%, respectively; p=0.0025). Thus, the cytokine recovery medium was critical to our electroporation protocol. When hepatocytes from Fah-/- mice were used as donors for transplantation, we observed 35% and 28% engraftment for Hpd-Cas9 ribonucleoproteins and Cas9 mRNA, respectively. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and biochemical markers of liver injury normalized in both Hpd-targeting Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and mRNA groups independent of induced inhibition of Hpd through nitisinone, indicating correction of disease indicators in Fah-/- mice. The successful liver cell therapy for HT1 validates our protocol and, despite the known growth advantage of HT1, showcases ex vivo gene editing using electroporation in combination with liver cell therapy to cure a disease model. These advancements underscore the potential impacts of electroporation combined with transplantation as a cell therapy.

Poplar glutathione S-transferase PtrGSTF8 contributes to reactive oxygen species scavenging and salt tolerance

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) constitute a protein superfamily encoded by a large gene family and play a crucial role in plant growth and development. However, their precise functions in wood plant responses to abiotic stress are not fully understood. In this study, we isolated a Phi class glutathione S-transferase-encoding gene, PtrGSTF8, from poplar (Populus alba × P. glandulosa), which is significantly up-regulated under salt stress. Moreover, compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic tobacco plants exhibited significant salt stress tolerance. Under salt stress, PtrGSTF8-overexpressing tobacco plants showed a significant increase in plant height and root length, and less accumulation of reactive oxygen species. In addition, these transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and reduced malondialdehyde content compared with WT plants. Quantitative real-time PCR experiments showed that the overexpression of PtrGSTF8 increased the expression of numerous genes related to salt stress. Furthermore, PtrMYB108, a MYB transcription factor involved in salt resistance in poplar, was found to directly activate the promoter of PtrGSTF8, as demonstrated by yeast one-hybrid assays and luciferase complementation assays. Taken together, these findings suggest that poplar PtrGSTF8 contributes to enhanced salt tolerance and confers multiple growth advantages when overexpressed in tobacco.

Pendampingan Digital Marketing bagi UMKM di Desa Wisata Bumiaji

MSME owners must employ digital media to promote their products effectively. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) that possess online connectivity, utilize social media platforms and enhance their e-commerce capabilities would attain more incredible business growth and profitability advantages than MSMEs that still need to acquire these skills. The purpose of conducting community service activities in 2023 is to aid MSME owners in the surrounding area with digital-based marketing so that they may stimulate the economy of Bumiaji Tourism Village to become an autonomous and progressive village. The Batu Orange Cake shop based in the Bumiaji Tourism Village is the focus of the internet marketing campaign. The implementation approach elucidates the sequential stages of executing the proposed solution to address partner issues, specifically the planning and execution phases. Community outreach initiatives are scheduled to take place from August to October 2023. This mentorship activity focuses on supporting the proprietor of Oren's Cake company in the Bumiaji Tourism Village, specifically in social media marketing. The service team collaborated in producing a video that will be utilized as Batu Orange Cake's content on Instagram. In addition, support is offered in utilizing Instagram as a platform for digital marketing. The expectation is that upon completing this activity, Instagram account owners and managers will retain the ability to continue using Instagram.

Transcriptome analysis revealed potential mechanisms of channel catfish growth advantage over blue catfish in a tank culture environment.

Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) and blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) are two economically important freshwater aquaculture species in the United States, with channel catfish contributing to nearly half of the country's aquaculture production. While differences in economic traits such as growth rate and disease resistance have been noted, the extent of transcriptomic variance across various tissues between these species remains largely unexplored. The hybridization of female channel catfish with male blue catfish has led to the development of superior hybrid catfish breeds that exhibit enhanced growth rates and improved disease resistance, which dominate more than half of the total US catfish production. While hybrid catfish have significant growth advantages in earthen ponds, channel catfish were reported to grow faster in tank culture environments. In this study, we confirmed channel fish's superiority in growth over blue catfish in 60-L tanks at 10.8 months of age (30.3 g and 11.6g in this study, respectively; p < 0.001). In addition, we conducted RNA sequencing experiments and established transcriptomic resources for the heart, liver, intestine, mucus, and muscle of both species. The number of expressed genes varied across tissues, ranging from 5,036 in the muscle to over 20,000 in the mucus. Gene Ontology analysis has revealed the functional specificity of differentially expressed genes within their respective tissues, with significant pathway enrichment in metabolic pathways, immune activity, and stress responses. Noteworthy tissue-specific marker genes, including lrrc10, fabp2, myog, pth1a, hspa9, cyp21a2, agt, and ngtb, have been identified. This transcriptome resource is poised to support future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlying environment-dependent heterosis and advance genetic breeding efforts of hybrid catfish.