Staff Groups Research Articles

A71Evaluation of a co-produced Simulation Based Perinatal Mental Health Programme

NHS England’s Long-Term Plan for Mental Health highlights need to develop PNMH services and train staff ensuring service user involvement [1]. Women experiencing PNMH disorders often initially present to non-specialist healthcare professionals (NSHCP), meaning that they need specific training in assessment and management of PNMH disorders. A co-produced and co-facilitated simulation-based training programme in perinatal mental health was developed in 2019 by Sussex Partnership Specialist Perinatal Service in conjunction with University Hospital’s Sussex Simulation team. Primary Aim: Evaluate self-reported changes in confidence and competence of learners attending perinatal mental-health (PNMH) simulation training across multiple domains relating to assessment and management of PNMH problems. Secondary Aims: Evaluate impact of service user co-facilitation on PNMH simulation training; Assess whether participant demographics reflect training’s target professional groups. Service User Consultants (SUCs) were employed as faculty members and trained in simulation facilitation alongside professional faculty. Scenarios were developed in a multidisciplinary workshop, and aligned to the Health Education England (HEE) Competency framework in PNMH. Courses were co-facilitated by a Perinatal Psychiatrist and SUC. Data on participants’ confidence and knowledge across the competency framework domains was collated using a survey monkey questionnaire, pre and post-course. 242 responses were collected from participants from more than ten different staff groups e.g. junior doctors, (18%), health visitors (17%) & midwives (26%). Participant confidence improved significantly across all training domains. 93.5% of participants graded contribution of SUCs either useful or very-useful. 99.2% found the simulation training useful or very-useful, with all participants agreeing their future practice would consequently change. The simulation-based training programme increased confidence and understanding of NSHCPs from across the PNMH care pathway, on a number of domains set by HEE PNMH competency framework. Participants were overwhelmingly in support of SUC involvement in the provision of valuable training which resembled real-life clinical encounters via scenarios.

Pengembangan Organisasi Melalui Lokakarya Badan Layanan Umum Daerah

This activity aims to strengthen the management of Regional Public Service Agencies (BLUD) in the education sector through a series of workshops, training and collaboration with various stakeholders. We identify crucial issues affecting education BLUDs and develop improvement strategies that focus on financial transparency, resource management and organizational independence. Activities involve local government, education BLUD staff, local communities, and advocacy groups. Results include significant improvements in education BLUD financial transparency, increased staff capacity in resource management, and successful piloting of improvement strategies. Improved collaboration between stakeholders is also an important achievement. This activity forms a strong foundation for more efficient and transparent management of education BLUDs. Improvements in the quality of public services in the education sector have become real, while the community feels better benefits. By focusing on developing educational BLUD, this activity strengthens the foundation of education in Aceh Jaya and provides better opportunities for the future of quality education

Identifying reasons for non-acceptance of influenza vaccine in healthcare workers: an observational study using declination form data

BackgroundHealthcare workers are sometimes required to complete a declination form if they choose not to accept the influenza vaccine. We analysed the declination data with the goal of identifying barriers to vaccination uptake across seasons, staff groups, and pre- and post- arrival of COVID-19.MethodsReasons for declining the vaccine were gathered from N = 2230 declination forms, collected over four influenza seasons, 2017/2018, 2018/2019, 2019/2020 and 2020/2021, from a single health board in the UK. Reasons were classified according to ten categories and the resulting distribution analysed across year and staff groups. A further analysis considered the two most prevalent categories in more detail.ResultsFear of adverse reactions and Lack of perception of own risk were identified as primary reasons for not accepting the vaccine across time and across staff groups. However, there was no evidence that Lack of concern with influenza, or Doubts about vaccine efficacy was prevalent, contrary to previous findings. Overall, reasons fitted a pattern of underestimating risk associated with influenza and overestimating risk of minor adverse reactions. There were also differences across years, χ2(24) = 123, p < .001. In particular, there were relatively fewer Lack of perception of own risk responses post-COVID-19 arrival than before, χ2(8) = 28.93, p = .002.ConclusionThis study shows that data collected from declination forms yields sensible information concerning vaccine non-acceptance without the difficulties of retrospective or pre-emptive reasoning suffered by questionnaires. Our findings will aid messaging campaigns designed to encourage uptake of the influenza vaccine in healthcare workers. In particular, we argue for an approach focused on risk perception rather than correction of straightforward misconceptions.

EFFECTIVENESS OF THE THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITY INTERVENTION PROGRAM OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH-TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION CENTER (DOH-TRC)

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Community Intervention Program operated by the Department of Health-Treatment and Rehabilitation Center (DOH-TRC) in the Philippines. The research focused on four components of the program, namely the Residential, Outpatient, Aftercare, and Recovery Home programs. The study determined the areas of success and those requiring improvement to enhance the overall effectiveness of each program. Structured questionnaires and surveys were administered to two groups of respondents-program staff and patients-who had received the respective intervention programs. The survey questions were designed to evaluate the effectiveness of various aspects of the programs, such as treatment plan individualization, program implementation fidelity, program structure, family involvement, patient support systems, post-treatment monitoring, relapse prevention, and post-recovery support. The statistical analysis revealed significant insights into the effectiveness of each program. The Residential and Recovery Home programs received high mean scores, indicating that staff and patients perceived them as highly effective. However, the Outpatient and Aftercare programs demonstrated areas requiring attention and improvement. The Outpatient Program showed that family support, patient anxiety towards reintegration into the community, and the absence of a program for patient and family interaction were significant concerns. For the Aftercare Program, areas of concern included the lack of a structured patient monitoring system and financial support for staff assigned to monitor aftercare patients. The findings offered valuable insights into areas that needed enhancement to ensure optimal patient outcomes. Based on the data findings, a comprehensive action plan was developed to improve the effectiveness of the Therapeutic Community Intervention Program. The action plan involved specific key performance indicators, activities, budget allocations, timelines, personnel involvement, and continuous quality improvement efforts tailored to each program. The study provided information on the advantages and disadvantages of the Therapeutic Community Intervention Program implemented by DOH-TRC. By implementing the proposed action plan, the center can further improve the effectiveness of its Residential, Outpatient, Aftercare, and Recovery Home programs, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes and contributing to the programs overall success in combating substance abuse and promoting lasting recovery. Continuous evaluation and improvement will be essential to ensure the program remains responsive to the evolving needs of its participants and consistently delivers high-quality care. KEYWORDS: Rehabilitation, Residential Program, Outpatient Program, Aftercare Program, Recovery Home Program

Implementation and Adaptation of the Safewards Model in the New Zealand Context. Perspectives of Tāngata Whai Ora and Staff

The safety of service users and staff is paramount in cultivating a therapeutic environment within inpatient mental health units. The Safewards model, originating in the United Kingdom, aims to reduce conflict and containment rates through 10 interventions. This study used participatory action research to explore the perspective of tāngata whai ora and staff regarding the adaptation of the Safewards model to the unique New Zealand context. Such adaptation is critical due to significant health outcome disparities between Māori and non-Māori populations and the disproportionate representation of Māori within mental health services. In adhering to the principles of Te Tiriti o Waitangi, cultural adaptation becomes an imperative obligation. The study utilised qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis, drawing data from focus groups of staff (n = 15) and tāngata whai ora (n = 3). This study describes a New Zealand Safewards model, which must include Te Ao Māori, align with current practices, adapt Safewards interventions and gain acceptance. Organisational change management is pivotal in the integration of this model into nursing practice. The outcomes of this study hold the potential to contribute to the formulation and implementation of a New Zealand Safewards model, while also bearing relevance for the international adaptation of Safewards to culturally diverse countries and healthcare systems.

Lokakarya Badan Layanan Umum Daerah Sebagai Kegiatan Pengabdian untuk Kemandirian Organisasi

This service activity aims to improve the management of the Regional Public Service Unit (BLUD) in Aceh Jaya through a series of workshops, training, and cooperation between various stakeholders. The approach to implementing activities includes identifying critical issues, developing improvement strategies, testing strategies, and improving transparency and financial management. This activity involved local authorities, BLUD staff, local communities, and advocacy groups. The outcomes of this activity include increased financial transparency, increased BLUD employee capacity, tested successful innovation strategies, improved collaboration, increased organizational independence, and perceived benefits. community benefit. This activity also involved teams from Akademi Keuangan Perbankan Nusantara, Universitas Serambi Mekkah, and Universitas Syiah Kuala. Overall, this service has had a positive impact on the management of BLUD in Aceh Jaya, increasing the organization's transparency, efficiency, and independence, and providing better benefits to the community.

Legitimising quality work in higher education

ABSTRACT Quality work is a growing area of interest in higher education research, reflecting a broader political and scientific concern with how universities and colleges work with educational quality. However, the characteristics and theoretical underpinnings of the concept are understudied, and we have scarce knowledge about how different groups of staff in higher education work with quality. To address these gaps, this study explores how academic, administrative, and leadership staff at Norwegian higher education institutions approach and reason about quality work. This article draws on concepts of discretion and legitimacy to study how these staff groups engage in quality work, and the different ways in which they legitimise this work. The findings reveal commonalities and tensions in their approaches to and reasoning for quality work. The study contributes to the conceptual development of quality work, and the findings have notable implications for future policies and practices on quality work in higher education.

Consensus on acute behavioural disturbance in the UK: a multidisciplinary modified Delphi study to determine what it is and how it should be managed

BackgroundAcute behavioural disturbance (ABD) is a term used in law enforcement and healthcare, but there is a lack of clarity regarding its meaning. Common language should be used across staff...

Turn-taking and communication modes of students and staff in group activities at non-inclusive schools for students with intellectual disability

Most students with intellectual and communicative disability who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) attend non-inclusive school settings. Little is known about turn-taking and the use of various communication modes in groups of students and staff in this context. Previous studies on single students with intellectual disability in various school settings have found that staff tend to dominate interactions and augmented communication modes are used more during structured than unstructured activities. The present study explored turn-taking contributions and communication modes in whole groups of students and staff in non-inclusive school settings in Sweden. Video observations of 33 students and 30 school staff were conducted in seven classrooms during one structured activity (circle time) and one unstructured activity (leisure time). Turn-taking contributions and communication modes were examined when comparing students and staff and when comparing the two activities. Findings revealed that staff dominated the interactions and augmented communication modes were used less during leisure time than circle time. Notably, aided augmented communication modes, particularly speech-output technologies, were used sparsely. Findings of this study highlight the importance of supporting staff members in applying partner strategies and incorporating augmented input, especially aided augmented input, across various group activities at school.

Managers' perceptions of masculinity and racialization in Swedish nursing homes

AbstractNursing homes for older people are an integral part in most postindustrial welfare states. The strong formalization and regulation of the Swedish care sector have contributed to a comparatively large share of frontline workers being native‐born Swedish women with a shorter educational background. Yet, an aging population in interplay with increased difficulties to recruit sufficient numbers of native‐born care workers has led to Sweden following an internationally observed trend with an increased reliance on not only migrant women but also migrant men as care workers in residential care facilities. However, little is known about migrant men's experiences of care work and the challenges and obstacles they might face because of their gender and skin color, not least when it comes to experiences of being exposed to gendered racism from the residents. The study builds on interviews with 21 managers employed at Swedish elder care facilities in the Stockholm area. The results suggest that both Black women and men to a greater extent than other ethnic minority workers risk being exposed to racism. At the same time, the results suggest that Black men, due to their gender and skin color, constitute the group of staff that most of all risks encountering racism in the everyday life of caregiving. Taken together, this points to the need of highlighting how stereotypes of gender and race as well as gendered racism are given and gain meaning in elder care. This points to the importance of not considering “migrant care workers” an undifferentiated category of workers when working on creating nondiscriminatory and inclusive working conditions for all visibly racialized care workers.

The Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Plus Color Parametric Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Subpleural Pulmonary Lesions.

To distinguish benign and malignant subpleural pulmonary lesions (SPLs) with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and color parametric imaging (CPI), and evaluate the role of CEUS plus CPI in the differential diagnosis of pathological types of SPLs. One hundred and thirty-six patients underwent CEUS with a Logiq E9 XD Clear ultrasonic machine equipped with a 3.5- to 5.0-MHz C5-1 transducer in our center were enrolled in our study, including 27 cases of benign lesions and 109 cases of malignant lesions. The ultrasound contrast agent used in this study was SonoVue. CEUS images and CPI of all cases were reviewed and analyzed by the resident and staff radiologist groups separately. With CEUS alone, by both the two groups, the main enhancement pattern of benign SPLs was arborization (P < .001), while centripetal enhancement pattern occurred more frequently in malignant SPLs (P < .001). With CEUS plus CPI, by both the two groups, the main enhancement pattern of benign SPLs was arborization (P < .001), while those of malignant SPLs were centripetal (P < .001) and eccentric (P < .05). The diagnosis performance of CEUS plus CPI was significantly higher than that of CEUS alone in both the resident (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.857 vs 0.677, P < .001) and staff (AUC = 0.866 vs 0.681, P < .001) groups. Moreover, CPI offered remarkable inter-consistency improvements in the enhancement pattern determination between the two groups. The CEUS enhancement patterns would provide information of blood perfusion patterns in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPLs. The diagnosis performance could be significantly improved by CEUS plus CPI compared with CEUS alone.

Supporting Children’s Psychosocial Well-Being in Sámi ECECs

Our aim is to investigate how Sámi early childhood education and care institutions (ECECs) contextualise their work to support psychosocial well-being among children aged 4–6. We have conducted seven qualitative interviews among ECEC educators. Using Stepwise Deductive Induction (SDI) analysis we found that Sámi ECECs contextualise their work to support psychosocial well-being among children by constantly balancing between dealing with the possible consequences of Norwegianisation and the assimilation process from the past and highlighting Sámi culture in a positive way. In practice the staff try to support the children’s positive sense of self, recognition and feeling a sense of belonging to the Sámi culture. They also strive to contextualise Sámi practices in terms of today’s society and adjust to the present group of staff, children, and parents to ensure the children’s well-being.

Polish infection control nurses’ job satisfaction and cooperation with their colleagues reflect how the value of infection control is appreciated by other health care workers: findings from surveys conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundInfection prevention and control (IPC) is based on the activity of specialized, trained and highly qualified personnel, especially infection control nurses (ICNs). Effective implementation of IPC procedures demands close cooperation between IPC teams (IPCTs) and hospital personnel. Based on disturbing results on the epidemiology of health care-associated infections (HAIs) and compliance with preventive procedures, we suspect that cooperation between ICNs and different groups of hospital staff is poor.The aim of this study was to assess the perceptions of ICNs working in Polish hospitals with regard to difficulties in working with various professional groups in the hospital, their organizational conditions, and their job satisfaction before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThe study was conducted twice, in 2014 and 2021, among ICNs working in Polish hospitals. The survey used an anonymous questionnaire designed by the authors.ResultsIn 2014, 183 ICNs participated in the study, and 175 ICNs participated in 2021. The respondents’ average age and seniority (duration of work as an ICN) were higher in 2021. Depending on the ward specialty, approximately 30–48.8% of the ICNs had difficulty cooperating with physicians. However, the ICNs declared better cooperation with nurses in various hospital wards and with other professionals. For some groups of hospital staff, there was a negative correlation between poor cooperation and ICNs’ job satisfaction. The job satisfaction data were disturbing; for example, more than half of the respondents considered changing jobs, and the lack of a sense of purpose in their work was declared by 29.7% of ICNs in 2014 and by 54.3% of ICNs in 2021.ConclusionsOur results suggest that infection prevention and control is not highly appreciated by health care workers and hospital management. Our study reveals difficulties in ICNs’ cooperation with hospital staff and managers in both 2021 and 2014, moderate job satisfaction, a high level of willingness to change jobs, and insufficient training in interpersonal skills and the implementation of changes. These findings clearly indicate an urgent need to introduce modern competence development systems in infection control beyond the scope of traditional training.

Sociodemographic determinants of structural empowerment and organisational commitment among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Background/Aims Improving retention of critical care nurses requires a better understanding of the perceptions and attitudes of this staff group towards structural empowerment and organisational commitment. This study aimed to assess the relationships between structural empowerment, organisational commitment and sociodemographic factors among critical care nurses. Methods The study used a descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational research design. A convenience sample of 198 critical care nurses working in Saudi Arabia responded to a questionnaire, comprising the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire-II, the Three-Component Commitment Model and a sociodemographic survey. Descriptive statistics and correlational analyses were conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25, with a P value equal to or less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results Structural empowerment was significantly associated with organisational commitment. Employment in a private healthcare organisation, non-Saudi Arabian nationality, greater length of experience in nursing, more time spent in current working unit and average weekly working hours were significantly associated with higher organisational commitment and structural empowerment. Respondents in the higher salary bracket (over 15000 Saudi riyals per month) had significantly lower levels of organisational commitment and structural empowerment. Conclusions Structural empowerment is a key predictor of organisational commitment and must be considered by managers and leaders seeking to improve retention. Further exploration of how factors such as nationality, salary and experience on empowerment and commitment is needed, so that policies can be developed accordingly.

The psychological symptoms and behavioral problems of children with mothers working as medical staff in the crisis of Covid-19 outbreak in Hamadan, Iran.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychological symptoms and behavioral problems of children with mothers working as medical staff in the crisis of Covid-19 disease in Hamadan. This descriptive causal-comparative study was conducted on all mothers with children aged 6 to 12 years in Hamadan from September 2 to November 29, 2020. In this study, eligible individuals were selected using random sampling and were assigned to two groups of mothers working as the medical staff and the control group. The research instruments included the Child Behavior Checklist (Achenbach) and the Child Symptom Inventory-4 (CSI-4). The results showed that the mean scores of psychological and behavioral symptoms of children in terms of group membership (group of mothers working in the medical staff and control group) had a significant difference. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of depression and aggression in children of the staff group and the control group meaning that for depression and aggression scores of children of the staff group are higher than children of the control group (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the mean anxiety scores and there was almost a significant difference between the attention scores of the staff group and the control group (p < 0.05). Children whose mothers worked as medical staff during Covid-19 show more depression, attention, and aggression problems than children whose mothers do not work as medical staff.

Zjawisko wypalenia zawodowego wśród pracowników Kasy Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego zajmujących się windykacją nienależnie pobranych świadczeń Occupational burnout phenomenon among the employees of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund involved in collection of unduly drawn benefits

This paper presents a set of externalities and internalities which determine the behaviour and quality of tasks performed by public officers in the context of early occupational burnout syndrome following the experience of the author and of the employees of the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (KRUS). Investigated is the impact of said factors on the level of adverse stress among employees dealing with selected issues associated with the recovery of monies under unduly drawn pension and disability benefits, sickness and care allowances, as well as other benefits for farmers and their family members, and consequently, impacting early occupational burnout in this occupational group of office staff. This paper draws from the literature, the outcome of an interview with KRUS employees, as well as from their long-standing experience and selected methods of coping with stress at work. The paper aims to set forth solutions to prevent early occupational burnout among public officers.

Doing public health differently: How can public health departments engage with local communities through social media interventions?

ObjectivesThis paper evaluates a collaborative intervention between public health professionals and local social media administrators, in which the social media site Facebook was used with a view to strengthening engagement with and, dissemination of, core messages and building trust and resilience within local communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study designA qualitative design was used, exploring the research question: how does collaboration between public health professionals and local social network group administrators create community engagement during a global crisis? MethodsFourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with public health staff and online group administrators. Data was analysed using framework analysis. ResultsCollaboration between public health professionals and local group administrators created both opportunities and challenges. Local group administrators had wide reach and trust within the local community, but message credibility was enhanced through local authority involvement. Such collaborations contain inherent tensions due to perceived risks to social capital and independence but can be successful if receiving strong risk-tolerant support from the local authority. Findings are discussed in the context of Bourdieu's theory of social capital to examine how public health information can be delivered by trusted social media actors in communication tailored to the local community. ConclusionsSocial media provides new channels of communication for delivery of public health messages, enabling new ways of working which create long-term engagement and community building. Although the intervention was developed quickly in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, participants felt it could be mobilised to address a wider range of issues.

Conceptualising prospective first-generation entrants’ higher education decision-making as an ‘ecology of intersecting influences’ and an ‘elastic plane’

ABSTRACT This paper draws on research conducted in four publicly funded secondary schools in the South-East of England that explored the higher education decision-making of prospective first-generation university entrants accessing school-based widening participation interventions. It begins by introducing an ‘ecology of intersecting influences’ approach that opens up the multifactorial and uncertain nature of decision-making. Interviews with staff and focus groups with young people (aged between 13 and 18) highlighted the incremental and inter-dependent nature of higher education decision-making but also the importance of attending more closely to the diversely constituted, non-linear intersections between its situated, structural, material, temporal and relational dimensions. In the English context, these include a highly socially stratified university sector and graduate labour market plus significantly increased personal costs, all of which make it harder to calculate the individual ‘worth’ of a university degree. The paper concludes that when higher education decision-making is conceptualised as both an ‘ecology of intersecting influences’ and an ‘elastic plane’, this better captures how opportunities and constraints differently play out in the decision-making of prospective first-generation entrants over time, avoiding the imposition of normative, homogenising and limiting assumptions about the difference made by different family/social positionings.

How new clinical roles in primary care impact on equitable distribution of workforce: a retrospective study.

There are inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce in England. Primary care networks (PCNs), and the associated Additional Roles Reimbursement Scheme (ARRS) funding, have stimulated employment of new healthcare roles. However, it is not clear whether this will impact inequalities. To examine whether the ARRS impacted inequality in the distribution of the primary care workforce. A retrospective before-and-after study of English PCNs in 2019 and 2022. The study combined workforce, population, and deprivation data at network level for March 2019 and March 2022. The change was estimated between 2019 and 2022 in the slope index of inequality (SII) across deprivation of full-time equivalent (FTE) GPs (total doctors, qualified GPs, and doctors-in-training), nurses, direct patient care, administrative, ARRS and non- ARRS, and total staff per 10 000 patients. A total of 1255 networks were included. Nurses and qualified GPs decreased in number while all other staff roles increased, with ARRS staff having the greatest increase. There was a pro- rich change in the SII for administrative staff (-0.482, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.841 to -0.122, P<0.01) and a pro- poor change for doctors-in-training (0.161, 95% CI = 0.049 to 0.274, P<0.01). Changes in distribution of all other staff types were not statistically significant. Between 2019 and 2022 the distribution of administrative staff became less pro-poor, and doctors-in-training became pro-poor. The changes in inequality in all other staff groups were mixed. The introduction of PCNs has not substantially changed the longstanding inequalities in the geographical distribution of the primary care workforce.

A reflective account on delivering psychological first-aid by phone to critical care nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: COVID-19 presented critical care nurses with significant challenges. Due to the volume of patients requiring intensive care, bed capacity was quadrupled virtually overnight, with non-critical care trained staff re-deployed into intensive care units (ICUs) to support existing teams. This increased workload, acuity of patients, increased death, lack of visiting due to infection prevention measures, and the need to support re-deployed staff, had a significant impact on staff wellbeing and psychological health. Aim: The aim of this paper is to reflect upon the author's experiences as a nurse consultant in supporting critical care nurses delivering care in ICUs to critically ill patients with COVID-19. Sources: The experiences of critical care nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic, which were gathered from conversations via the semi-structured psychological first aid (PFA) process. Discussion: Advanced practitioner ‘four pillar thinking’ is a critical in-service development that can be used to bring about a responsive, robust and vigorous service in and outside of any future pandemics. Summary and implications: Critical care nurses' psychological health and wellbeing was, and still has been, significantly impacted by providing treatment during COVID-19. To ensure the wellbeing of the staff group, healthcare professionals need to identify support mechanisms that will continue to ensure their mental health and wellbeing remain intact. Such measures will enable them to deliver expert care at times of increased demand, as well as support recruitment and retention strategies. This experience highlighted the importance of providing psychological first aid within support services to critical care staff.