Group Of Pioneers Research Articles

Efektivitas Sumber Daya Kompi Pelopor Khusus Satuan Iii Pelopor pada Operasi Camar Maleo 2015 dalam Penanganan Terorisme di Poso Sulawesi Tengah

This research is motivated by the problem of resource management during the Police Operation by the Special Pioneer Company in handling terrorism in Poso, Central Sulawesi. This resource management covers human resources, facilities and infrastructure as well as the budget given to prepare and carry out the operations of the 2015 Seagull Police Operations. This is so that the implementation of the tasks of members is ready and reduces the risks and obstacles that occur. In human resources, the goal to be achieved is how to prepare qualified and healthy personnel, while the facilities and infrastructure as a tool to support how the implementation of tasks can run well because of the support of equipment and equipment that can facilitate members in achieving organizational goals. While the budget is a fund that is used to meet the needs in economic aspects as well as to provide goods by buying the goods needed. This study uses a qualitative method because according to the author this method is most appropriate for finding the facts in the field and for exploring more about the results obtained from the facts in the field. The subjects of this study were all members of Pamen, Pama, Bintara and Tamtama who were members of the 2015 Seagull Operation in Poso, Central Sulawesi. Data collection techniques used by the author include interviews, document completions and documentation in the process before, during and after carrying out the task. The results of research in human resources there are still personnel who do not comply with the guidelines or criteria needed by members so that there are still constraints in human resources, in facilities and infrastructure there are obstacles regarding accommodation, equipment and equipment that are not available up to the facilities and infrastructure that are needed it is not in accordance with its function, whereas in the budget the lack of or slow budget given and the source of the budget that is not appropriate is ineffective in the sub-section of the budget in the 2015 Seagull Operations by the Special Pioneer Group III Pioneer Company. Therefore, it is expected that in other future Police Operations it must be more focused and ready in the management of task resources so that what becomes an obstacle can be better addressed by maximizing the management of resources for successful and effective organizational goals.

Effects of Country of Origin and Wave of Immigration on Prevalence of Schizophrenia Among First and Second-Generation Immigrants: A 30-Year Retrospective Study

Abstract Objectives To compare the rates of schizophrenia among 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from two distinct backgrounds and across sequential periods of immigration. Methods A 30-years retrospective cohort study (187,184 individuals) of 1st and 2nd generation East-African immigrants (EAIs) and former Soviet-Union immigrants (FSUIs) who migrated to Israel between 1980 and 2012. EAIs were further divided according to waves of immigration. Period prevalence was calculated between the years 2002–2012. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between immigration-related factors and prevalence of schizophrenia (Native-Born Israelis serving as reference group). Results The prevalence of schizophrenia in 1st generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to 1.0% among NBIs (p Conclusions The increased risk for developing schizophrenia among 2nd generation immigrants and among pioneer groups of immigrants emphasizes the importance of persistent investment in acculturation. Further studies elucidating the impact of country of origin and ethnic density on the risk for developing schizophrenia are warranted.

Effects of country of origin and wave of immigration on prevalence of schizophrenia among first and second-generation immigrants: A 30-year retrospective study

ObjectivesTo compare the rates of schizophrenia among 1st and 2nd generation immigrants from two distinct backgrounds and across sequential periods of immigration. MethodsA 30-years retrospective cohort study (187,184 individuals) of 1st and 2nd generation East-African immigrants (EAIs) and former Soviet-Union immigrants (FSUIs) who migrated to Israel between 1980 and 2012. EAIs were further divided according to waves of immigration. Period prevalence was calculated between the years 2002–2012. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between immigration-related factors and prevalence of schizophrenia (Native-Born Israelis serving as reference group). ResultsThe prevalence of schizophrenia in 1st generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.8% and 1.2%, respectively, compared to 1.0% among NBIs (p<0.001). The prevalence of schizophrenia among 2nd generation EAIs and FSUIs was 1.3% and 0.8%, respectively, compared to 0.6% among NBIs (p<0.001). Adjusted odds ratios for developing schizophrenia compared to NBIs were 1.6 (95%CI:1.4–1.8) and 2.1 (95%CI:1.6–2.7), among 1st and 2nd generation EAIs and 1.1 (95%CI:0.9–1.2) and 1.3 (95%CI:1.0–1.8) among 1st and 2nd generation FSUIs respectively. Among EAIs, we observed the highest rate of schizophrenia in the pioneer wave of immigrants with gradual decline across subsequent waves: 2.4%, 1.9% and 1.0% for the 1st, 2nd and 3rd waves of immigration, respectively (p<0.001). ConclusionsThe increased risk for developing schizophrenia among 2nd generation immigrants and among pioneer groups of immigrants emphasizes the importance of persistent investment in acculturation. Further studies elucidating the impact of country of origin and ethnic density on the risk for developing schizophrenia are warranted.

Trailblazers: Stakeholder motivations for developing degree apprenticeships for the radiography profession

IntroductionEmployer led apprenticeship trailblazer groups develop the occupational standard and end point assessment associated with a particular job or occupation. All degree apprenticeship programmes within England must align to these and for allied health professions, this is a new concept. Exploring stakeholder motivations for being part of the trailblazer groups is essential to inform subsequent curriculum design and implementation for this new model of education. MethodsEighteen semi-structured interviews were undertaken across the three radiography related (diagnostic, therapeutic and sonography) trailblazer groups using a pragmatic constructivist approach. ResultsStrong themes emerged around professional recognition, and conflicts between being ‘educated’ or ‘trained’, and between vocational and academic components of radiography training. Even within these pioneer groups there was a lack of understanding around degree apprenticeship programmes and their potential impact upon the workforce. Whilst the benefits on recruitment and retention of staff through widening participation were acknowledged, there were concerns around apprentice pay and mentorship. Evidence of professional protectionism was uncovered, balanced by professional pride and a strong desire for team working within and between institutions. ConclusionThe study highlighted an urgent need for further research and awareness raising for employers and practitioners, prior to implementation of radiography-related degree apprenticeships. Implications for practiceThis is the first evaluation of stakeholder motivations related to the development of degree apprenticeships within the allied health professions. The results and recommendations for practise will inform the imminent implementation of degree apprenticeships for the three radiography related professions, facilitating a smooth transition to apprenticeships for clinical and education departments.

Substrate Preference Determines Macrofungal Biogeography in the Greater Mekong Sub-Region

The availability and the quality of substrates are important drivers of macrofungal biogeography, and thus macrofungal species occurrence is potentially dependent on the availability of different substrates. However, few studies have explored the properties of macrofungal substrates and assessed the relationship between macrofungal diversity and substrate diversity at a landscape level. To address this issue, we conducted a landscape-scale survey of basidiocarp substrates in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS). A total of 957 macrofungal species distributed across 73 families and 189 genera were collected. Substrates of these macrofungi were categorized into four main groups (namely, litter, soil, root, and rare substrates) and referenced into 14 sub-substrate types (such as branches, leaves, and fruit). The results revealed that 50% of the observed macrofungal species were symbiotrophs living in ectomycorrhizal association with plant hosts, 30% were saprotrophs decomposing plant litter, 15% lived in soil organic matter, and 5% lived in rare substrates. The most abundant root symbiotic fungi were members of Russula, whereas most litter saprotrophic fungi belonged to Marasmius. Macrofungi commonly favored a single substrate. This specificity was not affected by changes in vegetation or climate. Less than 1% of macrofungi (e.g., Marasmius aff. maximus) could live on multiple substrates. Most of these unusual macrofungi were characterized as highly mobile and were generally found in successional areas. In secondary forests, our survey indicated that significant correlations exist between substrate preference and taxonomic diversity, reflected as higher substrate diversity generally accompanied by higher macrofungal diversity. In conclusion, substrate preference is an important factor driving macrofungal composition and distribution in the GMS. Macrofungi that thrive on multiple substrates constitute pioneer groups that have an important role in establishing macrofungal communities in new habitats. These observations have furthered our understanding of how substrate preferences could explain macrofungal biogeography.

Commercial Gentrification in Post‐Industrial Neighbourhoods: A Dynamic View From an Entrepreneur’s Perspective

AbstractIn urban geography research there is a small supply of articles which reflect upon the aims and motives of entrepreneurs when they enter neighbourhoods that are undergoing a process of gentrification. The aim of this paper is to better understand the explanatory factors behind the timing of entrepreneurial changes that take place during the commercial gentrification process in Tallinn’s post‐industrial neighbourhoods. Based on thirty in‐depth interviews, we propose an explanation from the supply perspective that highlights the dynamics behind motivation‐based influences. By modifying the diffusion of the innovation theory developed by Rogers we are able to show how, during the different phases of the process, groups of pioneers, early adopters, the early and late majority, and laggards enter a neighbourhood that is being gentrified by varying objectives, and associate the dynamics behind the process with the follower effect that is being shaped by knowledge diffusion, a specific market niche, and physical co‐location.

Natural and Ecological Succession in an Urban Fragment of the Atlantic Forest in Pernambuco, Brazil

The development of studies on natural regeneration in fragments of the Atlantic Forest assists to evaluate the regenerative power of forests against natural and anthropic disturbances. So, the objective of the work was to analyze the structure of the regenerative component and ecological succession of arboreal species in an urban fragment of Atlantic Forest. The study was undertaken in Parque Estadual Dois Irmãos (PEDI), in Recife, Pernambuco, in which 10 subplots of 1 m x 25 m (25 m²) each was installed. As inclusion criterion, the regenerating individuals of arboreal species should have a height equal to or greater than one meter and circumference at the height of the chest (CAP 1.30 m) inferior to 15 cm. The individuals were classified as the ecological groups origin (native or exotic species) and were calculated via phytosociological parameters such as heights classes for regenerating individuals and diversity index. For data analysis Mata Nativa version 4.05 was used. The families that presented the highest number of species were: Myrtaceae and Fabaceae. It was observed that 15% of the species belong to the pioneer group, while 48% belonged to the initial secondary group, and 22% to the late secondary group. The distribution of individuals of the species Hirtella racemosa and Chamaecrista ensiformis in the different size and relative density classes allow us to affirm that these species act directly in the process of ecological succession. The fragment is in the initial secondary stage of succession.

Chicago: Where Polygraph Becomes a Science

Abstract In the 1920’s, earlier work on polygraph instrumentation and procedure in Europe and the United States came together in Chicago where John Reid and Fred Inbau at the Scientific Crime Laboratory applied extensive field observations in real life criminal cases to create the Comparison Question and semi-objective scoring technique, the factors that allowed polygraph to achieve scientific status. While Chicago was not the first place the instrumental detection of deception was attempted, it was the place where the contemporary, comparison question technique was first developed and polygraph became a science. This fortuitous development was the result of the unlikely assemblage of a remarkable group of polygraph pioneers and a ready supply of criminal suspects. It is impossible to pinpoint when people first began noticing the relationship between lying and observable changes in the body. The early Greeks founded the science of physiognomy in which they correlated facial expressions and physical gestures to impute various personality characteristics. The ancient Asians noted the connection between lying and saliva concluding that liars have a difficult time chewing and swallowing rice when being deceptive. Clearly, behavioral detection of deception pre-dates instrumental detection of deception which, it is equally clear, is European in origin. By 1858 Etienne-Jules Marey, the grandfather of cinematography recently feted in Martin Scorsese’s film Hugo, and Claude Bernard, a French physiologist, described how emotions trigger involuntary physiological changes and created a “cardiograph” that recorded blood pressure and pulse changes to stimuli such as nausea and stress (Bunn, 2012). Cesare Lombroso, often credited as the founder of criminology, published the first of five editions of L’uomo delinquente in 1876 in which he postulated that criminals were degenerates or throwbacks to earlier forms of human development. Lombroso later modified his theory of “born criminals” by creating three heretical classes of criminals: habitual, insane and emotional or passionate (Lombroso, 1876). By 1898, Hans Gross, the Austrian jurist credited with starting the field of criminalistics, rejected the notion of “born criminals” and postulated that each crime was a scientific problem that should be resolved by the best of scientific and technical investigative aides (Gross, 2014). In 1906, Carl Jung used a galvanometer and glove blood pressure apparatus with a word association test and concluded that the responses of suspected criminals and mental perverts were the same ( Jung, 1907). In order to appreciate the important polygraph contributions that occurred in Chicago, one needs to first consider what was happening at Harvard University and in Berkeley, California at the beginning of the 2oth Century.

Zukunftsszenarien und Reformoptionen für die Europäische Union: vom Weißbuch der Kommission zu einer flexibleren Arbeitsmethode

Tackling the ongoing European ‘polycrisis’ has been complicated by the lack of a consensus between the Member States and among European citizens about the role they want the European Union (EU) to play, its tasks and its future. A Union that has become more diverse due to enlargement now has to deepen in areas that are highly sensitive domestically. Against the backdrop of the scenarios presented in the European Commission’s White Paper on the Future of Europe the author argues for a more flexible working method of the EU. This method should be based on more efficiency by focusing on political priorities and implementing a new concept of cooperative enforcement together with a common understanding of subsidiarity. Where no consensus can be reached greater flexibility and - in the long run - a new architecture of the EU should allow for pioneer groups to move ahead and to lead by positive example.

IAU Commission 25, and the development of early photometric systems

AbstractThe International Astronomical Union was conceived in 1918, and was formed one year later in Brussels. One of the 32 initial Commissions was the Committee on Stellar Photometry that later on became IAU Commission 25 Astronomical Photometry and Polarimetry, and since 2015 Commission B6 with the same name. The initial functions to be exercised by the Committee were (a)to advise in the matter of notation, nomenclature, definitions, conventions, etc., and(b)to plan and execute investigations requiring the cooperation of several observers or institutions.The basic philosophy was that IAU Commission 25 was to be an advisory body, rather than a decision-making committee that imposes its regulations. This position was reconfirmed at the 10th IAU General Assembly in 1958.From the early days on, the Commission members engaged in the teaching of the principles of photometric measurement – either via the Commission meetings and the ensuing reports, or via external means, such as lectures and publications. The topics of instruction dealt with absorption of light in the atmosphere, the modification imposed by the character of the receiving apparatus, the unequal response of different receivers to a same stimulus, and variations in the data-recorder response from one experiment to another.From the 1930s on it was suggested that IAU Commission 25 takes responsibility in matters of standard stars, standard filters and standard calibration methods.During the first half-century since its foundation, Commission 25 was an active forum for discussions on the basic principles of astronomical photometry, including the associated problems of transformability of magnitudes and colour indices from one instrumental configuration to another. During the second half-century of its existence, the Commission has served as a sort of news agency reporting on the developments in detector engineering, filter technology and data reduction. All along the Commission members were committed to accuracy and precision, a struggle that was primarily driven by the jumps forward in performance and sensitivity of every new detector that was introduced.The development over one century shows that the Commission was continuously touching on the philosophy of precise measurement, where accurate measuring – for a select group of pioneers – was an end in itself.This presentation looks back on the opinions of key players in the photometric standardisation debate, and briefly presents two case studies that illustrate the illusionary accuracy reached over a century in determining, as Commission member Ralph Allan Sampson put it, “a detail like magnitude”.

BEHAVIOR OF THE DIAMETRIC DISTRIBUTION OF ECOLOGICAL GROUPS IN A MIXED OMBROPHILOUS FOREST FRAGMENT

The Mixed Ombrophilous Forest is one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil. It is thus necessary to understand its dynamics of growth over time so that sustainable use and conservation management strategies be proposed. The objective of this study is to evaluate the behavior of the diametric distribution of two pioneer and non-pioneer ecological groups in a fragment of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest considering four years of evaluations: from 2002 to 2017. Exponential, Gamma, Weber and Weibull 3P density probability functions were adjusted. The diametric behavior of the forest and the ecological groups analyzed remained negative exponentially, being a characteristic of natural forests. The distributions that best adjusted were Weibull 3P for the forest as a whole and for the group of pioneers, and Weber for non-pioneers. We concluded that ecological groups have the same pattern of diametric distribution as the forest as a whole. However, different forest management strategies are necessary considering the intrinsic characteristics of each group.

Kierunki zaangażowania Jana Korneckiego w prace zjednoczeniowe polskich towarzystw oświatowych w latach 1923-1935

After Poland regained independence in 1918, educational societies played an important role in the education of the society. Jan Kornecki was one of many community workers who continued activities in that area started during the times of national bondage. On behalf of the Polish Educational Society in Warsaw [Polska Macierz Szkolna], he became a member of a pioneer group trying to unify the actions and strengthen the cooperation between educational societies in various districts of Poland. After the establishment of the Liaison Commission of Polish Educational Societies [Komisja Porozumiewawcza Polskich Towarzystw Oświatowych], he accepted the position of the secretary of the Commission’s Executive Department and was responsible for initiating and maintaining permanent contacts between the societies forming the Commission. Apart from maintaining ongoing relationships with community workers in the places of their local activities, he prepared the First Polish Educational Congress, which was convened in December 1924 in Warsaw. J. Kornecki rendered great services in founding a new educational organization named The Union of Polish Educational Societies [Zjednoczenie Polskich Towarzystw Oświatowych], which was established in 1927 based on the experiences gathered by the Liaison Commission, which operated earlieroku He took the function of the manager of the Union’s Executive Department Office; his responsibilities included delegating and supervising tasks performed by clerks employed in the Office, managing the property and funds, and drawing up reports of activities. He moreover organized and convened annual and extraordinary meetings of delegates and implemented the resolutions adopted, prepared plans and programmes of quarterly off-schedule meetings of the Executive Department, represented the Union during external relations, mainly with state and local government institutions and first of all initiated and maintained regular relationships with separate associations and provided them with all kinds of aid, e.g. by organizing annual conferences for educational managers.

KOMPOSISI FUNCTIONAL SPECIES GROUP PADA SISTEM SILVIKULTUR TEBANG PILIH TANAM JALUR DI AREA IUPHHK-HA PT. SARPATIM, KALIMANTAN TENGAH Composition of Functional Species Group at Silviculture System of Tebang Pilih Tanam Jalur in IUPHHK-HA Area

Forest management can have an impact on changes in forest structure and composition of plant species. Functional species Group (FSG) may explain the unity of the trees species that are selected in a group in a forest management activities so that it can help in explaining the characteristic of biodiversity such as the quality of habitat and ecosystem processes. The purpose of this research is to know the composition of forest vegetation that the production system are managed with a Silviculture system of TPTJ as seen from the forest structure and composition of the type that belongs to FSG for the stands and natural regeneration in log over area (LOA) and KPPN (The Conservation of Germplasm Area) IUPHHK-HA PT. Sarmiento Parakantja Timber (Sarpatim), Central Kalimantan. Analysis of the composition of the stands type and structure used terraced path in the area of TPTJ and KPPN. The results showed that the types of climax on an entire swath of observations, generally have greater proportion than the group of pioneers, the number of the climax type is 100 while pioneer type is 59. The structure of the stands form a J reverse curve, it show that the composition of vegetation recovery on log over areas managed by using TPTJ and KPPN Silviculture system has balance characteristic of uneven age forest. The value of diversity is high (H'&gt;3). Most of tree and stands community have different communities (ID&gt;50%).Key words: LOA, FSG, TPTJ, stand structure, composition of species

Review of “The Heart Club” by Tom Treasure

Tom Treasure writes with enviable ease. This is a fascinating history of the development of a new branch of surgery by a group of pioneers in London over a 10-year period in the aftermath of World War Two.

AİNOS (ENEZ)’ TAN ELE GEÇEN KIRMIZI FİGÜRLÜ KERAMİKLER: GEÇ ARKAİK DÖNEM’DEN MÖ 5. YÜZYIL SONUNA KADAR TARİHLENEN BULUNTULAR

The main subject of this article is red-figure pottery from Ainos (Enez) in eastern Thrace from the late 6th century to the late 5th century BC. The material comes from the fill layers of the necropolis and a limited number of grave contexts as well as from the ancient acropolis, which is known today as the Medieval Castle. Ainos was a member of the Delian League and an ally of Athens in the 5th century BC. Available finds indicate that Athenian red figure pottery was being imported throughout the 5th century BC. The identified painters, shapes and subjects on the vases show parallelism with Athens. Calyx and bell crater, skyphos and cups are the most represented shapes. The earliest red figure pottery can be attributed to the Pioneer Group. However, the finds from the timespan between 500 to 480 BC constitute 4% of all the sherds. Available finds indicate that red figure and black figure pottery were in use simultaneously until the middle of the 5th century BC. In the second half of the 5th century, red figure shows an obvious increase. In contrast to some settlements in western Asia Minor, Ainos continued to import Athenian red figure pottery through the course of the 5th and 4th centuries BC. The city’s location on important trade routes between the North Aegean and the Black Sea and its large hinterland must have contributed to this situation. A remarkable increase in the quantity of red figure pottery in Ainos can be detected at the end of the 5th century BC in parallel with the trade boom between the Black Sea ports and Athens. Among the various subjects depicted on the vases, Dionysos and related scenes are popular from the beginning until the end of the 5th century BC. Also, scenes from women’s daily life, komos, soldiers’ farewells and sacrificial offerings are identified. Context graves in limited availability give us information about the intended purpose of the red figure pottery in Ainos. Accordingly, pelikai and hydriai were used as urns for cremation graves and lekythoi were used as grave goods. Although the examples of local productions in black figure technique from the late 6th and 5th century BC were identified in Ainos, available examples of red figure pottery from this period show the features of the Athenian clay, glaze and the painting style. The finds, which differ from Athenian imports, can be classified as belonging to the 4th century BC. On the other hand, the earliest examples of the local red figure pottery in Mainland Greece can be traced to the second half of the 5th century BC.

A personal view of the neolithisation of the Western Mediterranean

In this paper the author presents his vision on the neolithisation of the Western Mediterranean, based for a great part on long field experience. He first provides a historiographic overview and then discusses more particularly the topic of the emergence of the groups with Impressed Ware originating from the Italo-Adriatic region. During the transfer of the Neolithic package, some of these elements spread as far as the Iberian Peninsula. Distinct pottery markers are highlighted (the « impressed groove » decoration technique or rows of wavy impressions made by vertical stamping with the edge of a seashell), which may contribute to trace the spread of these pioneer groups. The topic of the emergence of the Franco-Iberian Cardial on an autochthonous basis will also be discussed. The author more particularly advances the hypothesis that this culture emerged according to a « model of coalescence by maritime interactions ». Lastly, possible North-African influences are mentioned that are still difficult to be evaluated.

The Cairo Journal of Diaa 1898-1906, study and documentation

Al-Diyaa magazine represented a state of intellectual openness regarding freedom of opinion and the other opinion during the period of its issuance from 1898 until its cessation in 1906, as intellectual and reformist trends emerged on its pages. A group of pioneers of the modern Arab renaissance movement worked on contributing to its writing and clarifying its contents, such as its owner, Ibrahim Al-Yazji, and Gerji. Zaidan and Labiba Hashim, whose articles were characterized by objectivity and boldness in expressing their opinions, and Al-Diyaa showed a renaissance dimension that was considered according to the measurements of the era in which it appeared as a tangible development in the history of Arab journalism. For the reality that I experienced and associated with the issues of the Arab and Eastern countries.

Impact of humic acids on the colonic microbiome in healthy volunteers.

AIMTo test the effects of humic acids on innate microbial communities of the colon.METHODSWe followed the effects of oral supplementation with humic acids (Activomin®) on concentrations and composition of colonic microbiome in 14 healthy volunteers for 45 d. 3 × 800 mg Activomin® were taken orally for 10 d followed by 3 × 400 mg for 35 d. Colonic microbiota were investigated using multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of Carnoy fixated and paraffin embedded stool cylinders. Two stool samples were collected a week prior to therapy and one stool sample on days 10, 31 and 45. Forty-one FISH probes representing different bacterial groups were used.RESULTSThe sum concentration of colonic microbiota increased from 20% at day 10 to 30% by day 31 and remained stable until day 45 (32%) of humic acid supplementation (P < 0.001). The increase in the concentrations in each person was due to growth of preexisting groups. The individual microbial profile of the patients remained unchanged. Similarly, the bacterial diversity remained stable. Concentrations of 24 of the 35 substantial groups increased from 20% to 96%. Two bacterial groups detected with Bac303 (Bacteroides) and Myc657 (mycolic acid-containing Actinomycetes) FISH probes decreased (P > 0.05). The others remained unaffected. Bacterial groups with initially marginal concentrations (< 0.1 × 109/mL) demonstrated no response to humic acids. The concentrations of pioneer groups of Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium difficile increased but the observed differences were statistically not significant.CONCLUSIONHumic acids have a profound effect on healthy colonic microbiome and may be potentially interesting substances for the development of drugs that control the innate colonic microbiome.

Tierry F. Garcia, MD (1919-2016) “The Most Good for the Most People”

Dr. Tierry Garcia was born December 20, 1919 as one of nine children of Dr. Silverio F. Garcia from Bocaue, Bulacan (UPCM 1912) and Elisea Trijo Ballesteros (UP Pharmacy) from Sorsogon. He was married to Amanda, wife of 63 years, and the couple was blessed with three children: Tierry, Jr., Sofia Garcia – Buder, M.D. (a third generation UPCM graduate), and Angela.&#x0D; &#x0D; According to Sofia he “led a life of service to God and to his fellowman, both professionally and personally. His greatest professional legacies for posterity include being among the founding fathers and past Chairman of the Department of Ear, Nose and Throat at the UP-PGH; the Philippine Society of Otorhinolaryngology; and the Manila Doctors' Hospital. He was the last of the small group of pioneers over six decades ago who helped pave the way for the delivery of modern day ENT care to the Filipino people whom he loved.”&#x0D; &#x0D; She continues: “like his father before him, a former surgeon and governor of Sorsogon,” he “strived towards doing ‘the most good for the most people’."&#x0D; &#x0D; On a personal note, his father used to play tennis with my grandfather Col. Antonio Martinez, a Bicolano who was Philippine Constabulary Officer in Sorsogon at that time. Because of this, there formed a special bond between Dr. Tierry and my father. Here are the thoughts and recollections of my father Dr. Armando T. Chiong on this great man:&#x0D; &#x0D; “I first met Dr. Tierry Garcia in 1960. I was 30 years old and he was 40. My first impression of Dr. Garcia was that he was a visionary leader with strong intellect. When he talked in meetings and conferences everybody listened. He was well respected such that he was able to establish the first separate Department of Otolaryngology from Ophthalmology at Manila Doctors Hospital in 1956 in spite of much objections. He established his clinic beside those of famous physicians like Dr. Ambrocio Tangco, founder of the Department of Orthopedics at the Philippine General Hospital, then Dean of UP College of Medicine Benjamin Barrera, Dr. Gonzalo Austria, former Dean of the UE College of Medicine, Dr. Constantino Manahan (world renowned OB-Gynecologist) and Dr. Carlos Sevilla , famous EENT specialist who were among the 14 of his co-founders of Manila Doctors Hospital. Most importantly, he also founded the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology and Bronchoesophagology in 1956.”&#x0D; &#x0D; “When he left for the United States in 1972, I took over his clinic and practice. All his medical instruments that he left with me are still intact and I have them in our hospital in Malolos, Bulacan. As for my last impression of Dr. Garcia, he was a generous and kind person. He helped in my first appointment to the Department of Otolaryngology at UP College of Medicine in 1964 apart from giving me his clinic at the Manila Doctors Hospital.”&#x0D; &#x0D; That he graduated from UPCM at the top ten of his class in 1942 and ranked in the top ten in the Physician’s Licensure Board Exams followed by a three year residency training in surgery at PGH then another residency in the U.S. finishing as chief resident in otolaryngology at Columbia Presbyterian prepared him well for the trail blazing and pioneering work. His bold, and inspiring spirit proved a great influence to succeeding generations of what he had ascribed as the “best and the brightest” otolaryngologist Fellows of PSOHNS now numbering 694 from the original heroic 9 that rallied to establish a separate society 60 years ago in the midst of great opposition.&#x0D; &#x0D; He firmly believed that serving others was the “true path to happiness” as gleaned from one of my own conversations with him after a PGH grand rounds he attended. As proof, he caused the establishment of a PGH Patient Endowment Fund in ORL to help indigent patients undergo much needed surgeries with meager financial resources.&#x0D; &#x0D; We have been most fortunate indeed that he was able to join us in the 2015 Annual Congress last December and on the 60th anniversary of the Philippine Society of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery last February. Proof perhaps that not all “the good die young.” He has bequeathed to us a most precious legacy, a specialty we have chosen as careers and where we have all found some of life’s most important rewards. In his own words, a meaningful life that can only be measured by what he thought constitutes “true happiness” – a life lived in the service of our God and country, while enjoying a journey filled to the brim by love of family, friends and fellowmen.

Case-mix accounting beyond the hospital

Purpose This paper aims to examine how the customer can be better integrated into case-mix systems for primary healthcare. Case-mix is an established performance management tool in hospitals, and there is growing interest in its extensions into out-of-hospital healthcare. Design/methodology/approach Interviews with academics and clinicians are used to explore conceptual foundations for this area. A service-dominant logic perspective is used to problematize the roles of accounting in this complex setting. Findings The findings identify that a customer focus is embedded in current primary healthcare thinking, contrasting with the goods-dominant focus in hospitals. This paper identifies diverse objectives and coordinating networks of care as challenges for case-mix. Research limitations/implications This paper breaks down the complexity of primary healthcare case-mix into two accounting roles: a “dialogue machine” to understand client objectives and a “learning machine” to understand clients’ networks of resources. The infancy of case-mix for primary healthcare means our interview sample is restricted to a small group of pioneers in the area, within a supply perspective. Practical implications Primary healthcare management is a priority area in New Zealand. The findings describe opportunities and challenges for the “dialogue” and “learning” roles of accounting. This paper discusses practical and ideological tensions to be resolved when integrating customers into case-mix systems. Originality/value This paper contributes to the limited literature on the use of case-mix accounting outside of hospitals, discussing the role of customers and networks of care. Findings contribute by describing the customer as both a source of, and a means to resolving, complexity.