Parents In Group Research Articles

Parent-child interactive behavior in a German sample of parents with and without a mental illness: model replication and adaption of the Coding Interactive Behavior system.

Studies using observational measures often fail to meet statistical standards for both reliability and validity. The present study examined the psychometric properties of the Coding Interactive Behavior (CIB) System within a German sample of parent-child dyads. The sample consisted of 149 parents with and without a mental illness and their children [n experimental group (EG) = 75, n control group (CG) = 74] who participated in the larger Children of Mentally Ill Parents at Risk Evaluation (COMPARE) study. The age of the children ranged from 3 to 12 years (M = 7.99, SD = 2.5). Exploratory factor analysis supported a five-factor model of the CIB with items describing 1) parental sensitivity/reciprocity, 2) parental intrusiveness, 3) child withdrawal, 4) child involvement, and 5) parent limit setting/child compliance. Compared to international samples, the model was reduced by two independent dyadic factors. Testing for predictive validity identified seven items with predictive power to differentiate parental group membership. The CIB factors did not seem to be sufficiently sensitive to illustrate differences in interaction within a sample of parents with various mental illnesses. To apply the CIB to the described sample or similar ones in the future, additional measurement instruments may be necessary.

Assessing parent-child interaction with deaf and hard of hearing infants aged 0-3 years: An international multi-professional e-Delphi.

Most deaf babies are born to hearing families who do not yet have the skills to communicate effectively with their child. Adaptations to communication are important because the quality of parent-child interaction (PCI) predicts how a deaf child develops language. Teachers of Deaf children and Speech and Language Therapists support families with communication in the home. Currently, there are no assessments that appraise how a parent interacts with their deaf baby. Previous research has identified which parent behaviours and approaches are used in PCI assessments in research and practice. The current paper forms consensus on the core content and best practices of a new PCI tool for deaf children aged 0-3 years. An international sample of expert academics and practitioners (n = 83) were recruited to take part in a two-round modified electronic Delphi study. Participants were presented with 69 statements focusing on (i) which parent behaviours were important in assessment (ii) the methods to be used in PCI assessment. Participants rated the extent to which they agreed or disagreed with each statement on a five-point Likert scale and gave comments to support their response. Consensus was defined as >80% of participants rating the statement as a (4) 'highly important' or a (5) 'essential'. If consensus was not reached, participant comments were used to generate new statements which were rated in the second round. This project involved a patient and public involvement (PPI) group of hearing and deaf parents and professionals to design and guide the study. Consensus was achieved on 52 statements and ranged from 80-99%. A further six statements were additionally included. Within the 58 statements included, 36 were parent behaviours which centred on the parent's observation of, and response to, their child's behaviour and/or language. The remaining 22 statements focused on methods used in the assessment such as parents having their PCI filmed, parents having the opportunity to review the video and assess themselves alongside a professional, and parents being involved in subsequent goal setting. This e-Delphi presented the parent behaviours and methods of assessment to be included in a new PCI tool for deaf children. Future co-production work and acceptability and feasibility testing are discussed.

Inclusive Education during Pandemic Crisis of COVID-19

The recent expansion of the COVID-19 outbreak has drastically altered the educational landscape, causing certain schools to operate on a distance education basis. The goal of this study is to investigate this phenomenon in depth, focusing on the elements that may contribute to the marginalization of students with learning disabilities and their immigration biography. At the same time, it attempts to investigate the perspectives of a group of students, teachers, and parents on how to avoid marginalization as a result of distance education. We employed a mixed research style to study the aforementioned problem. A total of 132 secondary school students, 52 secondary school teachers, and 49 secondary school parents were included in the study. As research tools, questionnaires, focus groups, observations and interviews were used. The data analysis reveals that the elements which may contribute to marginalization in remote education are primarily related to attention challenges, but also to technical difficulties. According to the participants, a closer collaboration between the Ministry of Education, school administrations and teachers, as well as revisions to the substance of teaching subjects, may be the solution to the problem. Keywords: COVID-19, distance learning, inclusive education

Family Violence Against Children and Parents’ Social Support during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cohort Study

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, several experts have raised concerns over an increased risk of family violence. The proximity between confined family members and social isolation fostered tensions, making families more vulnerable. The first objective of this study was to describe the evolution of family violence against children (psychological aggression and corporal punishment) and parents' social support during the COVID-19 pandemic. The second objective was to determine the contribution of parents’ social support to the evolution of family violence against children between two measurement times. Participants included parents living with at least one child between 0 and 17 years old (N = 514) from the broader longitudinal prospective cohort study, My Life and the Pandemic in Quebec (MAVIPAN) from Quebec, Canada. Family violence against children and social support were measured twice (2020 and 2021) with a web-based survey. Most parents reported no family violence against children. Psychological aggression significantly decreased between the two measurement times (p = .003). Corporal punishment and social support remained stable. Social support was a significant predictor of the evolution of psychological aggression. Participants reporting a lower level of perceived social support at baseline were more likely to report psychological aggression at both measurement times, compared to the reference group of parents reporting none (p = .002; OR = 0.914). Social support emerged as a protective factor when psychological aggression towards children is chronic in a family. This study contributes to the growing literature documenting the experience of parents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

“We go through trauma”: South Asian parents’ experiences of autism diagnosis and early supports for their autistic children in Australia

IntroductionGrowth of the Australian South Asian migrant community has surged over the last decade. Yet we have minimal information about migrant South Asian parents’ experiences of raising an autistic child in Australia. This participatory research informs the issue through reporting first-hand accounts of accessing an autism diagnosis and receiving early supports for South Asian parents and their autistic children living in Australia. MethodsParents from India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (n = 13) were interviewed in their preferred language. During interviews, parents were asked about their experiences of the diagnostic process and navigating early supports for their autistic child. Interviews were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsParents described experiencing myriad challenges to accessing early autism supports, including limited knowledge, funding issues, lengthy waiting lists, and poor-quality clinicians. They also reported struggling to accept their child’s diagnoses and facing judgement from within their community. Unlike other migrant Australian communities, this group of parents did not describe obtaining community-specific supports and often navigated their journeys alone. These cumulative challenges impacted parents’ mental health. Yet, parents also described proactively seeking as much support as possible, preferring goal-based, intensive, behavioural early interventions. Discussion and implicationsClinicians should be aware that families from particular migrant/cultural minority groups may be more isolated than others, and consider how best to support a sense of community belonging in other ways. That these parents expressed preference for intensive, behavioural autism supports also highlights the diversity of service-related views and desires in the autistic and autism communities.

Mental health and professional outcomes in parents of children with chronic kidney disease.

This study evaluated parenting stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms and their associated factors in parents of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This cross-sectional study compared parents of patients with CKD (0-18years) with a matched control group of parents of healthy children. Both groups completed the Parenting Stress Index - Short Form, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. The study group consisted of 45 parents (median age 39; 32 mothers) of CKD patients (median age 8; 36% female). Nearly 75% of children had CKD stages 2, 3, or 4, and 44.5% had congenital anomaly of the kidney and urinary tract. Five children (11%) were on dialysis, and 4 (9%) had a functioning kidney graft. Compared with parents of healthy children, more stress and anxiety symptoms were reported. Since the CKD diagnosis, 47% of parents perceived a deterioration of their own health, and 40% reduced work on a structural basis. Higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms were associated with a more negative perception of own health, and more child medical comorbidities and school absence. This study showed higher levels of parenting stress and anxiety symptoms in parents of children with CKD compared with parents of healthy children. This was associated with a less positive perception of their own health, especially if the child had more medical comorbidities or more absence from school. Psychosocial interventions to reduce the parental burden should be integrated in the standard care of pediatric nephrology departments.

Circumstances to be ascertained during the investigation of high profile sexual criminal offenses

In the article has been emphasized that the circumstances to be ascertained are a mandatory structural element of the methodology of investigating high-profile sexual criminal offenses, because their establishment, in turn, is a prerequisite for achieving the goal of criminal procedural knowledge and solving the tasks of criminal proceedings. It has been given the list of circumstances to be ascertained during the pre-trial investigation of such types of high-profile sexual criminal offenses as: rape and sexual violence committed by a group of persons and/or parents, persons who replace them, and/or against minors; molestation of a child for sexual purposes; conducting a spectacular event of a sexual nature with the participation of a minor. It has been found that different approaches to the systematization of the circumstances to be ascertained during the pre-trial investigation have been formed in forensic science. They are mainly determined by the specifics of the mechanism of committing a specific type of criminal offense, which undoubtedly affects the formation of investigative and other evidentiary information. An analysis of scientific approaches to determining the range of circumstances to be ascertained (established) during the investigation of sexual criminal offenses has been carried out. It has been proposed to systematize the circumstances to be ascertained during the pre-trial investigation of high-profile sexual criminal offenses taking into account the mixed (criminal procedural and forensic) criterion. The following groups of circumstances to be ascertained during the pre-trial investigation of high-profile sexual criminal offenses have been singled out and characterized: circumstances characterizing the event of a criminal offence; circumstances characterizing the person of the offender; circumstances characterizing the person of the victim; other circumstances.

Research on the Current Situation and Realization Path of Integrating Red Culture into Ideological and Political Course of Primary School under the View of Integrating the Ideological and Political Course of Elementary Schools, Middle Schools and Universi

“The ideological and political education of young people is a successive process with progressive characteristics, requiring the integrated coordination and articulation of different age stages.” The textbook Introduction to Xi Jinping’s Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era repeatedly emphasizes that the ideological and political course should focus on being close to the cognitive characteristics and acceptance habits of young students, reflecting the requirement of integrating the ideological and political course of universities, middle schools, and elementary school. Under the perspective of the integration of ideological and political education among each age group, the article firstly discusses the necessity and importance of the integration of red culture into the ideological and political class. Secondly, this article defines the core concepts such as the integration of ideology and politics and red culture according to the literature, and then learns about the status quo and identifying problems in integrating red culture into the ideological and political course from the three groups of students, teachers, and parents. Finally, combined with the practice of members, this paper carries out a preliminary exploration of the path of integrating red culture into elementary school ideological and political course, and puts forward effective paths and methods to solve the aforementioned problems for reference.

Level of Self Esteem among Children of Alcoholic and Non Alcoholic Parents

The National Association of Children of Alcoholics estimates that there are 11 millions children of alcoholics under the age of 18 years. A study was conducted to assess level of self esteem among children of alcoholic & non alcoholic parents. The objectives were to assess, compare and find out the association between the level of self esteem and socio personal data. Methodology adopted for the study was descriptive comparative design with multistage sampling. Sample size was 128. Structured questionnaire was used to collect socio personal data of participants and Children of Alcoholics Screening test was used to identify children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents. After that the standardized tool State Self Esteem Scale was used to assess the level of self esteem The study findings revealed that in children of alcoholic parents group, 82.8% (53) were having poor self esteem and 17.2% (11) were having good self esteem where as in children of non alcoholic parents group, 78.1% (50) were having good self esteem and 21.9% (14) were having poor self esteem. On the basis of comparison between the level of self esteem among children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents, revealed that there is statistically significant difference between level of self esteem score among children of alcoholic and non alcoholic parents group.

Parental Beliefs Towards the Inclusion of Autistic Children in Mainstream Schools

ABSTRACT Research has examined teacher attitudes, knowledge, and stigma towards inclusion of autistic children in mainstream schools. Less focus has been given to these beliefs among parents. This is problematic as parents are important in the implementation of inclusion and fostering a positive school environment. The current study examined differences in autism attitudes, knowledge, stigma, and inclusive education attitudes (core perspective; expected outcomes; classroom practices) among parents with and without an autistic child; The study also investigated whether autism knowledge, attitudes and stigma predicted inclusion attitudes. 185 parents in the UK (52% had an autistic child) completed questionnaires measuring these variables. Parents of an autistic child had significantly higher core perspective inclusive attitudes than parents without an autistic child. However, this group also reported more beliefs that parents of autistic children are stigmatised. For all parents, core perspective inclusive attitudes were predicted by autism attitudes and stigma towards parents of autistic children. Predictors of expected outcomes and classroom practices inclusive attitudes differed between groups. Findings highlight the need for parental attitude research to be disability-specific and consider different aspects of inclusive attitudes. Parent education to enhance inclusive attitudes should be tailored for distinct parent groups and contact interventions should be considered.

How to measure patient and family important outcomes in extremely preterm infants: A scoping review.

Parents of children born preterm have identified outcomes to be measured for audit and research at 18-24 months of age: child well-being, quality of life/function, socio-emotional/behavioural outcomes, respiratory, feeding, sleeping, and caregiver mental health. The aim was to identify the best tools to measure these seven domains. Seven working groups completed literature reviews and evaluated potential tools to measure these outcomes in children aged 18-24 months. A group of experts and parents voted on the preferred tools in a workshop and by questionnaire. Consensus was 80% agreement. Consensus was obtained for seven brief, inexpensive, parent friendly valid measures available in English or French for use in a minimum dataset and potential alternative measures for use in funded research. Valid questionnaires and tools to measure parent-identified outcomes in young preterm children exist. This study will facilitate research and collection of data important to families.

Dismantling Diet Culture and Sizeism with Families: A Feminist Body Neutral Parenting Group for Collective Healing

ABSTRACT Sizeism is a systemic form of discrimination that devalues one’s inherent worth and personhood based on the size, shape, and weight of their body. Feminist family therapists can support the mental health needs of communities by helping dismantle and heal fatphobic messages and misunderstandings about health. This conceptual article details a group curriculum for a body neutral parenting group that creates space for parents, families, and communities to learn skills and heal from anti-fat bias and related mental health implications. Body neutrality is a concept wherein individuals accept their bodies as a vessel that carries them through life, and as such, do not attach positive or negative feelings to their physicality. In the body neutral parenting group, caregivers can heal from their relationship with food, their body image, and movement, as well as help promote a healthy relationship with food, body, and movement within their children.

"Honestly, they are just like us": U.S. parents choose middle-class gender and racial ingroup peers for their children.

Children and adolescents benefit from positive intergroup peer interactions, but they are unlikely to have many opportunities for these interactions if their parents are uncomfortable with them. Drawing primarily on social identity theory (SIT), this study investigated how U.S. parents' (N = 569) comfort with their children's potential intergroup peer interactions (a) differed by child and peer group gender (boy, girl), race (Black, White), and social class (higher-, middle-, or lower-subjective social status), (b) changed over the transition from childhood to adolescence (8-10, 11-13, and 14-16 years), and (c) varied by context intimacy (hanging out vs. sleeping over). The sample was equally balanced between parents of children reflecting those same group memberships. Consistent with SIT, when asked to choose, parents were typically most comfortable with their child spending time with middle-class peers who shared their child's gender and racial ingroup membership. Moreover, parents often explained their decisions with reference to similarities between these peers and their own child or family. Parents' comfort did not differ systematically by child age, but many parents were less comfortable with cross-gender peer interactions in the more intimate sleepover context than the less intimate hangout context. All groups of parents also exhibited at least some openness to cross-group interactions. These findings advance developmental scientists' understanding of parents' roles as potential facilitators or gatekeepers of their children's intergroup peer interactions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Reported Variability in General Surgery Training Across Integrated Plastic Surgery Residency Programs.

Since their development, integrated plastic and reconstructive surgery (PRS) residency training programs have established diverse methods of incorporating general surgery training into graduate medical education. Programs have questioned the necessary duration and timing of such training. The aim of this study is to assess the landscape of general surgery exposure in integrated PRS residency programs. Thirty-six integrated PRS residency programs were included based on the availability of postgraduate year (PGY)-level rotation data. Rotations were measured in units of weeks with descriptive titles maintained as advertised by the program. Individual general surgery rotations were also categorized as being either PRS-aligned, American Board of Plastic Surgery (ABPS) Required Clinical (RC) or ABPS Strongly Suggested (SS). Statistical analyses were carried out on the relative proportions of each subcategory in the 2 parent groups. All 36 programs evaluated required general surgery rotations in years PGY- 1 to -2. By PGY-3, 69% of programs required general surgery, and by PGY-6, 25%, and these were limited to 4- to 6-week rotations in burn, breast, or trauma. Looking across all 6 years, with 312 weeks of training total, the minimum number of weeks spent in general surgery rotations was 32, and the maximum number was 119, with an average of 61 weeks (±21).Programs were subcategorized into 2 groups based on whether they spent more (n = 16) or less (n = 20) than the net average number of weeks in ABPS RC + SS rotations. No significant difference was found in the relative proportion of PRS-aligned general surgery across groups. Programs with <60 weeks of general surgery had a relatively greater proportion of ABPS RC and SS rotations. These data demonstrate that there exists significant variability in overall duration of general surgery training across integrated PRS training programs. When controlling overall general surgery exposure for variables of interest like PRS-aligned exposure or compatibility with ABPS requirements, we found no discernable educational model or patterns to explain the observed range in exposure. These results warrant reexamination of an ideal general surgery track within the integrated plastic surgery training model that optimizes training for the PRS resident.

The Parent Attitudes about Childhood Vaccination against COVID-19 in Tunisia

IntroductionThe vaccination of children and adolescents against covid 19 is an ongoing debate. While in some countries the program of vaccination of children under 12 years old is already implemented, in others the balance of risk and benefits is a dilemma. Parents’ perception and decision about covid vaccination is an important parameter to consider.ObjectivesThe ain of this study is to evaluate the parents’ attitude about childhood vaccination against Covid 19 in Tunisia.MethodsThe “vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) adopted from WHO’s Strategic Advisory Group of Immunization” with 8 items translated in tunisian dialect and an additional ten survey idem about the Characteristics of parents and their vaccination status against Covid 19. The survey is distributed on social media groups of parents of tunisian children and adolescents.ResultsThirty parents have answered the survey.More than 80% of the participants were female with an average age of 38 years old.Among 30 participants 24 were vaccinated against covid 19 at least for once, but only one of them 10% decided to vaccinate their children against covid 19,while 3% are indecisive about the subject.Although 97 % of the children and adolescents have already been vaccinated completely according to the national vaccination program. The most common reasons for the refusal were.Parents consider that routine childhood vaccines are safe, necessary and useful more than covid vaccine. Some parents reported that their children have been infected by the virus so they have doubts about the usefulness of the vaccination.ConclusionsA year after the pandemic, covid 19 contamination and vaccination against the virus are still an issue. With the emergence of new variants, the decline in protective measures, vaccination against covid is in the process of integrating routine programs. But the lack of information on the effectiveness of the vaccine and the adverse effects are a source of hesitation and refusal for parents. a large-scale national study is necessary before.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Emotion Regulation and Physiological Reactivity in the Parent-Child Relationship: A Preliminary Study of an Online Attachment-Based Program for Parents of Preadolescents with Behavioral Disorders

IntroductionBehavioral disorders have been defined as a “health crisis” of modern times that has a significant impact on the parent-child relationship. In this scenario, the emotional regulation (ER) of each partner plays a central role and serves a protective factor, configuring as an area to intervene. The Connect Parent Group, an attachment-based intervention for parents, has shown evidence of effectiveness. However, its online version (e-Connect) has not yet garnered specific evidence related to emotional and physiological regulation in parents and preadolescents.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore changes in the short and medium term regarding ER abilities - both self-reported and measured through physiological indices - in parents and preadolescents with behavioral disorders, building upon initial findings from an online parenting intervention.Methods28 parents (82.1% mothers, 17.9% fathers, M_age = 47.48, SD = 4.73) and their 28 preadolescents with behavioral disorders (M_age = 11.22 years, SD = 2.69, 35.7% girls) were recruited from child neuropsychiatry services in Northern Italy and subsequently took part in the pilot study. They were assessed at three time points: before intervention (T1), one months after the intervention (T2) and at 6-months follow-up (T3). ER were assessed with a multimethod approach: parents and children completed a self-report questionnaire (i.e., Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and How I Feel, respectively) and then they interact during a stress-task in which physiological parameters (i.e., Galvanic Skin Response, GSR; Heart Rate/Beat per Minute, BPM) have been measured.ResultsRegarding self-reported ER, mixed-effects regression models showed an improvement in parent emotion dysregulation between T1 and T3 (p=0.004), a decrease in preadolescents’ negative emotions (p=.012) between T1 and T2 and a lower emotion intensity in preadolescents between the three-time points (p=.003). Regarding physiological ER, the two overall models of GSR and BPM were not significant for both parents and children. Yet GSR correlations within three-time points were positive and significant for children (T1-T2: r=.58; T1-T3: r=.68) but not for parents, while BPM correlations between T1 and T2 were significant for parents (r=.49) but not for children.ConclusionsThe online attachment-based parenting program appears to have contributed to a reduction in emotional dysregulation in parents and preadolescents, which seems to persist to some extent in the medium term. The non-significant results at the physiological level may suggest that changes reported by parents and children through self-report questionnaires do not align with changes in the physiological response to interpersonal stress experienced after an online intervention. Clinical and research implications will be discussed.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Maternal Stress and its Associated Factors among Working Nurses in Public Sector Tertiary Care Teaching Hospitals, Karachi

Maternal stress has been identified as an epidemic that has a detrimental effect on work productivity and personal and professional growth. Objectives: To determine maternal stress and its associated factors among working nurses in public sector tertiary care teaching hospitals in Karachi, Sindh. Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study was accomplished at Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi and Dow University Hospital Karachi. A total of 131 nurses were approached by a convenient non-probability sampling method. The Parental Stress Scale was used for data collection. Data were entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. Chi-square test was applied out to find an association between maternal stress and associated factors. Results: Nurses reported 72 (55%) mild parental stress, 58 (44.3%) parental moderate stress, and 1 (1%) severe parental stress. Nurses belonging to the younger age group, widowed or divorced, had mild parental stress, while nurses who lived with their husbands had lesser moderate stress. Female participants with one child of either gender, whose more family members were earning, had less tendency to have mild parental stress. A statistically significant association was found between working nurses' parental stress level and age group (p-value=0.005). Conclusions: It was concluded that nurses reported mild, moderate, and severe maternal stress. Hence, it is increasingly imperative to create facilities like daycare centers and offer them the flexibility to perform their job effectively

Online Game-Based Parental Groups: The Experiences of First-Time Expectant Parents.

Although evidence exists on the use of gamification and serious games in many fields, game-based methods are a relatively new phenomenon in the family services sector. This study focused on the implementation of game-based online parental groups organized for first-time expectant parents and participants' experiences of playing together. In total, 26 Finnish first-time expectant parents participated in the study. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three main themes describing the expectant parents' experiences were related to the game as a stimulator of discussion, the experience of gaming, and special features of online group discussion. It is concluded that playing online learning games with others can lower the threshold to participate and offer new possibilities for interactive parental education.

Four’s a Crowd? Attachment Styles in Childless Women and First-Time Mothers Toward Their Pet Dog

ABSTRACT The transition to parenthood is a time of change and challenge, where new attachments are developed and old ones are re-appraised to fit the needs of the new family. Research on how this transition affects parental attachment to the family pet dog is scarce. This study explored attachment orientation differences among female dog owners without children and female dog owners who had recently become new mothers. Factors that may underpin these differences were also explored. New mothers (n = 98) and childless women (n = 93) completed an online survey that measured the degree to which they were anxiously and avoidantly attached to their pet dog. Significant differences in attachment orientations were found: the parent group had more avoidant, and less anxious, attachment styles toward their pet dogs, compared with the childless group. Qualitative insights revealed new mothers suffer from a lack of time, energy, and attention to afford their dog and that the role of the dog in the family may be re-appraised to accommodate the new family member. These outcomes provide insight into how Australian women experience their attachment relationships to their pet dogs. This study has implications for both pet and maternal welfare.

Young Adults and Parents’ Coping With Duchenne/Becker Muscular Dystrophy: A Focus Group Study

Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DBMD) are genetic disorders that are characterized by progressive muscle weakness. As such, individuals with DBMD may need constant assistance with medical and physical care, which is oftenE provided by their family members. An essential part of patients’ medical management and their parents’ care is to develop appropriate coping strategies. This study focuses on young adults in the developmental period of emerging adulthood and parents, aiming to obtain an in-depth understanding of their coping strategies with DBMD. Qualitative methodology was employed and implemented within three focus groups: one group of young adults (ages 18–23) and two groups of parents. The findings of themes related to young adults and parents coping with DBMD included negative emotions alongside positive perceptions, hope, coping with loneliness in the context of being different, and familial adjustments. Our findings revealed similarities and differences in relation to both young adults’ and parents’ coping strategies, referred to in this study as “adjustments”. It may be advantageous to have an interdisciplinary professional team (i.e., physicians, nurses, and psychologists/social workers) intervene with young adults and parents to get a comprehensive understanding of the impact DBMD has on the multidimensional aspects of their daily functioning and the “adjustments” they employ to cope with DBMD.