Muslim Groups Research Articles

A Decade of Media Coverage of the Social Reintegration of Terrorism-Related Convicts: France as a Case Study

ABSTRACT The social reintegration of terrorism-related convicts in Europe is a pressing issue. Public opinion can play an essential role in this by making it easier or more difficult to implement (and succeed with) social reintegration strategies. Considering the media’s influence on shaping public opinions, attitudes, and social representations, the present research offers a case study by reviewing a decade (2011–2022) of media coverage of the social reintegration of terrorism-related convicts in the seven most read national daily newspapers in France. Results reveal that the topic is very little covered, with 395 newspaper articles published over a decade, and mostly discussing deradicalization, specifically, rather than social reintegration at large. Cluster analysis via Reinert’s method reveals that when the topic is discussed it revolves around political and security management (political discourse and security measures), target population (radical Muslims and returnees), and tertiary prevention programs (programs in prison and open settings). A time series analysis of clusters shows their chronological evolution. These findings and their implications for generating (mis)trust in the social reintegration of terrorism-related convicts amongst the general public are discussed.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SCREEN TIME AGE EXPOSURE AND SCREEN TIME DURATION WITH DEVELOPMENTAL SKILLS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6-36 MONTHS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Recently, mental health literacy (MHL) research has been growing widely in the literature. However, research on MHL in Malaysia is limited, and caregivers’ MHL is often overlooked. As such, this study was conducted to examine the MHL of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). This preliminary cross-sectional study recruited parents of children with ASC from a few selected therapy centers in Klang Valley to examine their mental health literacy. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of mental health literacy. Most respondents were mothers of children with ASC, from the Malay and Muslim groups, and had a formal education up to the tertiary level. MHL’s mean (SD) scores among 61 parents of children with ASC were 119.28 (9.52) out of 160. In conclusion, the study showed that participants were mostly aware of mental illness. However, most participants had stigmatizing beliefs about social interaction and marriage with people with mental illness. Additional research should be conducted to understand further MHL and other variables among parents of children with ASC.

MENTAL HEALTH LITERACY SURVEY AMONG PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM SPECTRUM CONDITION: A PRELIMINARY STUDY

Recently, mental health literacy (MHL) research has been growing widely in the literature. However, research on MHL in Malaysia is limited, and caregivers’ MHL is often overlooked. As such, this study was conducted to examine the MHL of parents of children with Autism Spectrum Condition (ASC). This preliminary cross-sectional study recruited parents of children with ASC from a few selected therapy centers in Klang Valley to examine their mental health literacy. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the level of mental health literacy. Most respondents were mothers of children with ASC, from the Malay and Muslim groups, and had a formal education up to the tertiary level. MHL’s mean (SD) scores among 61 parents of children with ASC were 119.28 (9.52) out of 160. In conclusion, the study showed that participants were mostly aware of mental illness. However, most participants had stigmatizing beliefs about social interaction and marriage with people with mental illness. Additional research should be conducted to understand further MHL and other variables among parents of children with ASC.

The problem of the formation of Muslim identity in the Republic of Bashkortostan

The article analyzes the identity of followers of Islam in the Republic of Bashkortostan from the point of view of the discursive tradition.The purpose of this study is to establish the features of the formation of Muslim identity in the territory of modern Bashkortostan. The subject of the study is the formation of Muslim identity in modern Bashkortostan. The object of the study are individual residents of the Republic of Belarus who profess Islam. To conduct the study, a set of field research methods was applied: direct observation of the object of study, survey, questionnaire. In the course of the study, the author makes a distinction between different groups of Muslims in Bashkiria. The author of the article examines in detail the various types of religious identity of Muslims of Bashkortostan. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that in the conditions of modernization of Russian society, its religiosity is increasing. At the same time, there is a certain blurring of the religious identity of Russian Muslims due to the globalization of culture. The author of the article suggests the incompleteness of the formation of religious identity due to a number of objective factors, in particular, due to the lack of clear differentiation between religious and ethnic identity, as well as differences in the ideals and values of different generations. The novelty of the research lies in the establishment of new factors influencing the formation of the Muslim identity of the inhabitants of modern Bashkortostan.

Intellectual Attitudes Toward Islam Nusantara and Their Religious Ideas

Secondary literature examines the legitimacy of Islam Nusantara, taking into account Islamic legal maxims and institutional rejection, often stemming from religious reasons. This research aims to comprehend participants’ attitudes towards Islam Nusantara (IN) and their religious justifications, including their understanding of religious authority and the application of Islamic Law. This is crucial for elucidating the primary factors behind varying IN attitudes, whether driven by religious considerations or other factors. We argue that religious differences are not the primary determinants of IN attitudes, as evidenced by participants’ discussions regarding religious authority and the application of Islamic Law. While a minority of conservative participants endorse the formalization of Sharia based on textual religious authority, the majority, including some who express reservations about IN, perceive Sharia as a set of values. They advocate for contextual interpretations that align with IN’s values but stop short of full endorsement. In a broader context, this study uncovers the intricate interplay between religious ideas and socio-political attitudes within diverse Muslim groups. It enhances our understanding of the dynamic relationship between religion, society, and diverse interpretations.

Death Anxiety in the Context of Religion, Personality and Life Meanings.

Previous studies on the context between death anxiety and religion do not provide any clear evidence regarding "anxiety buffer" function. In this explorative study, death anxiety and attitude to death were determined in the context of mood, personality and meaning of life among groups of Muslims (n = 60) and Christian Protestants (n = 60). Death anxiety and attitude to death were assessed using the Bochum questionnaire for recording death anxiety and attitudes to death. Death anxiety was mild to moderate in our healthy Participants of Muslim and Christian faith. Attitude towards death was therefore much more pronounced among Muslim members than Christians. The influence of religious beliefs on the fear of death does not appear to be direct and linear. Sources that provide meaning in life and emotional stability can contribute to a reduction in death anxiety and a less problematic attitude towards death.

The Threat of The LGBT Community In Indonesia and How Muslims Should Act

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender (LGBT) has become a polemic in globalpolitics due to the rapid growth of this movement in various parts of the world. Theentry of LGBT in Indonesia is considered as the actualization of freedom oversexual orientation. On the other hand, LGBT also receives a lot of oppositionbecause Indonesia is a country with a majority Muslim population. This paper aimsto explain how massive the LGBT movement is in Indonesia and how Islamicorganizations such as NU and Muhammadiyah deal with it. This study uses theconcept of the role of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) as a tool to analyzethese problems. The method used is a qualitative method using literature studiesthrough online searches. The recommendation of this research is that Islamicorganizations should work more comprehensively to curb the growth of the LGBTmovement in Indonesia. Keywords: Indonesia, Muslim Groups, Threat of LGBT.

Sejarah Idealisme di Tuban: Melacak Eksistensi Idealisme Islam Modernis Tahun 1474-1530

Currently, studies relating to the Islamization process in Indonesia need to be increased in terms of quantity, this aims to support the development of the Islamization process that is currently taking place in Indonesia. At this stage studies related to the early history of the Islamization process in Indonesia are urgently needed, especially to provide enthusiasm and motivation for Muslims in Indonesia to always try to improve their Islam. This is due to the fact that when reflecting on history, the struggle of the Ulama at the beginning of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia was full of challenges, especially when the effective process of Islamization was carried out only when mixing several local traditions into the process of preaching, this caused a lot of cultural acculturation. In the development of several cultural acculturations by several groups it was considered that there were elements of khuparat or even heresy in it. Even so, at the beginning of the preaching of Islam, there were several groups of scholars who still tried to preach Islam by adhering to the principles of Shari'a and Aqeedah and only slightly incorporating elements of local traditions as an adaptive form which today is often also called the modernist group, as manifested in the application of syar'i tasawuf. In connection with the application of syar'i tasawuf, some evidence can be found which illustrates the application of syar'i tasawuf in several areas, such as one in Tuban Regency. Through this evidence, this research seeks to examine the existence of this Muslim group as a form of learning from the struggles of the Ulama in the early era of the arrival of Islam in Indonesia

The Effect of Religiusity, Literacy and Income on Zakah Awareness in Baznas Tangerang City

Islamic teachings recommend zakah as a tangible kind of social protection. It can act as a means of bridging the wealth gap between rich and impoverished Muslims, as well as between muzakki and mustahik. Therefore, there is no monopoly or wealth accumulation in a small number of Muslim groups. The goal of this study was to ascertain how income, literacy, and level of religiosity affected people's awareness of paying zakah in BAZNAS Tangerang City. This kind of study employs a quantitative methodology and a survey method with 100 participants. The traditional assumption test, which comprises the normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, coefficient of determination test, F test, and t test, is used in the data analysis process. Considering the testthe Coefficient of Determination's (R2) findings. As can be observed, the adjusted R square value is 67.2%. This indicates that the dependent variable's variance can be described by the independent variable in 32.8% of cases, whereas 15.5% of the variance may be explained by other factors. Additionally, the F test results show that income, literacy, and religiosity all have a substantial beneficial impact on zakah awareness, with a level of significance less than 5%. While religiosity has a strong favorable impact on zakah awareness, the t test only partially supports this. Zakah awareness is significantly influenced positively by literacy and positively by income

YUSUF AL-QARADAWI'S PERSPECTIVE ON FIQH AQALLIYAT IN A MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY

Fiqh al-aqalliyyat plays an important role in addressing the unique challenges faced by Muslim minority communities in multicultural societies. In multicultural societies, where diversity and multiple cultures are embraced, issues relating to values, culture, and customs can lead to discrimination or marginalisation of certain groups. Therefore, it is important to promote equality, inclusion and non-discrimination, which allows all individuals to feel valued, respected and have equal access to opportunities. Muslim minority groups, such as Shia Muslims and Ahmadiyya Muslims, face particular challenges in a multicultural society like Indonesia. The study of fiqh al-aqalliyyat in multicultural societies, particularly in Indonesia, aims to understand how Islamic law is applied to Muslim minority communities and their religious practices. Qualitative research using concept analysis is used to examine fiqh al-aqalliyyat from the perspective of Yusuf al-Qaradawi. Data source triangulation and content analysis techniques were used to collect and analyse primary and secondary data. In conclusion, fiqh al-aqalliyyat plays an important role in addressing the challenges faced by Muslim minority communities in a multicultural society. By adopting a comprehensive approach that considers various aspects of their lives, fiqh al-aqalliyyat aims to promote the rights, obligations, and welfare of minority groups while respecting Islamic principles. The development and application of fiqh al-aqalliyyat are constantly evolving to adapt to the ever-changing realities and contexts faced by Muslim minority communities.

Typology of Compulsory Will Arrangements in Some Muslim Countries

This paper intends to look at the arrangements related to the provisions in the distribution of inheritance in several Muslim countries and group mandatory wills into clusters. This research uses a literature study (Library Research) that explores data based on pre-existing data with a comparative juridical approach that will be a comparison of laws from one country to another. The findings in this study that there are similarities and differences in the provisions of mandatory wills in various Muslim countries. The similarity can be seen from the clusters formed, namely there are 4 clusters related to the division of the State based on mandatory will regulations. The first cluster is Indonesia and Kuwait, the second cluster is Malaysia, Egypt and Tunisia. While the third cluster is Syria, Jordan, Morocco, and Syria. Then finally the fourth cluster is Pakistan, Turkey, Iraq and Iran. The four clusters have similarities that can be seen through: 1) the Provisions for Mandatory Wills and 2) the amount of inheritance obtained. While the difference lies in several grouping criteria, namely: 1) based on Islamic Law applied by Muslim countries, 2) the category of Mandatory Wills, 3) the Presntase of Mandatory Will Distribution, and 4) the requirements for the validity of determining heirs and the division of inheritance.

Surah 5 of the Qurʾān: The Parting of the Ways?

Was an Islamic identity, shared by the in-group members and distinct from other religious categorisations, operative already during the time of the Prophet Muḥammad (d. 632)? This article looks at surah 5 of the Qurʾān, titled al-Māʾida, as a locus where the discourse of ‘the parting of the ways’ might be found. If a reified group of Muslims, with their religion Islam, distinct from Jews and Christians, can be supposed to have existed during the time of the Prophet, it is in al-Māʾida where this should be the easiest to perceive, but, I argue, this is not the case.

Anjuman, jami‘at, and association: what Sayyid organizations tell us about associational forms among Muslim caste groups

ABSTRACT In the early decades of the twentieth century in colonial India, the development of education, the expansion of electoral politics, and the decennial censuses led many caste communities, or ‘caste groups’, to organize collectively in search of internal solidarity and public assertion. Informed by the notions of service and reform, Muslims participated in this new associationism. Among them, the Sayyids – a privileged status group that claims descent from Prophet Muhammad – also formed their organizations. This article compares three Sayyid organizations in India and Pakistan, with two principal aims. First, it brings out the implicit notions of inclusion and exclusion that inform the functioning of the organizations as they seek community preservation. Second, it draws broader conclusions about associational forms available to South Asian Muslims when they act collectively on the basis of a shared social status or caste. The article concludes by delineating three ‘organizational models’ that Muslim caste groups can draw upon – the anjuman, the jami‘at, and the association. Overall, this article illustrates how Muslims frame practices of social distinction in an Islamic language of equality, piety, or service.

Social Construction of Religious Attitude towards Disaster among Victims of Natural Disasters in Palu and Lombok

Every religion has teachings related to the best ways to cope with problems, including those caused by natural disasters. Thus, natural disasters can reshape the construction of religious attitudes among the community. Therefore, this research aims to understand how natural disasters are perceived by religious leaders in the aftermath of earthquakes in Palu and Lombok and how these perceptions impact the community's views on ideal religious attitudes after a disaster.
 This research employs a phenomenological approach with thematic data analysis techniques applied to research data collected through interviews with various religious leaders and community members in Lombok Island and Palu City, two regions that experienced natural disaster events in 2018.
 The research findings suggest that, despite the resurgence of a back-to-nature sentiment following the disasters in Lombok, for the Wetu Telu Muslim community, this sentiment carries a deeper meaning than merely promoting an environmentally conscious way of life. It signifies a return to a way of life rooted in traditions passed down through generations, a way of life that has been eroded by the modernization brought about by the proselytizing efforts of the majority Muslim group over the past five decades. In Palu City, the earthquake and tsunami disaster in 2018 has also shaped the community's perception of disasters and influenced their religious behaviors in the post-disaster society. In general, three common perspectives were identified. First, a majority believes the disaster is a form of divine admonition from Allah due to various deviant behaviors in the society. Second, some believe the disaster is a result of the shifting of the Palu-Koro fault plates, an unavoidable natural event, grounded in empirical knowledge sources and disaster facts. Third, Muslim groups view the disaster as a test from Allah. These three perspectives have essentially shaped a unique religious attitude among the community expressed in various forms of religiosity.

The Colonizer-Colonized Relationship and Racism: 'Partition 2007' Movie Analysis

This paper deals with analysing the film "Partition" 2007 that portrays the actions of violence and hatred between the two nations, Islamic, from one side, and Sikh and Hinduism, from the other side, during the partition of the Indian subcontinent into India and Pakistan. This kind of film often addresses the problems that are consequences of colonial activities of the European countries on colonized nations. In fact, this hatred is one of the outcomes of British colonialism which was responsible for raising the racism between Muslim and other groups of Hindi society. It is known that analysing a film may deal with one of the following aspects of the author's work: the characters, the theme, the form, and the language. This paper is going to analyse the film 'partition' focusing on the themes mentioned in this film. This analysis will help in understanding the real relationship between Indian people and British, and between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims. Moreover, this paper will show the effects of the process of the partition upon the people of India till nowadays. This paper includes an introduction and three sections. In the first section, the writer presents the definitions of some postcolonial terms with their applications in the film. The second introduces India before and after the partition to give the reader more comprehension about the reasons for the partition. Section three includes a summary of the film 'partition' and the analysis of the themes that Vic Sarin addressed in the film. This paper found that the attempts of Britain to create racial segregation among Indian people succeeded in achieving some and failed in other goals.

GEN-Z MUSLIMS, SOCIAL MEDIA AND FORMLESS-SPIRITUAL: An Explorative Study of Mosque Youth in Medan City

The article discusses spiritual understanding in the Gen-Z Muslim group, which is explored through Mosque Youth in Medan City. Spiritual issues for the Gen-Z Muslim group are considered important because they are believed to be able to bring a more guided direction. This study poses research questions about who Gen-Z Muslims are, what spiritual sources and how Gen-Z Muslim groups understand spiritual forms. The research method uses a qualitative method that describes a phenomenon in a descriptiveanalytical manner. This type of research is explorative, which seeks to deepen knowledge or discover new theories. The primary source of data is Mosque youth in Medan City. Data collection by observation, focus group, and documentation. Then, data analysis was done through reduction to summarize the data found to be grouped and presented through in-depth analysis. This research found that Gen-Z Muslims, as a group of youth mosques which are still students, gain religious knowledge from recitation and involvement with religious organizations and are shaped by social media. Sources of spiritual knowledge still need to be more authoritative. Finally, the research confirms that Gen -Z Muslims spiritual does not have a clear form because not resourced from resource authoritative.

Do parenting behaviors intended as discipline vary by household religious affiliation in Cameroon?

BackgroundReligious affiliation may account for some variance in parenting behaviors used for disciplinary intent. However, most reported studies of this relationship are limited to high-income countries focused on Christianity. ObjectiveThis study aimed to determine whether parenting behaviors vary by religion in a low- and middle-income country between Protestant, Catholic, and Muslim groups. It was hypothesized that Protestant households would have higher odds of select parenting behaviors. Participants & settingsData from the 2014 Cameroonian Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, containing a nationally representative household sample, were used. MethodsAdult caregivers in selected households with a child aged 1–14 years of age participated in interviews containing a standardized disciplinary measure asking about the exposure of one randomly selected child to a series of parent behaviors in the preceding month. ResultsOf the 4978 households, 41.6 % were Catholic, 30.9 % Protestant and 27.6 % Muslim. Spanking was the most common of the six types of physical punishments across groups with no association with household religion. In contrast, children in Protestant households had higher odds of being hit with an object compared to the other two groups, but only for younger children. Children in Protestant households also had higher odds of exposure to a combined approach, i.e., use of physical, psychological, and non-violent parent behaviors. ConclusionsThis study advances the examination of the potential influence of household religion on parenting behavior, however further inquiry is needed to examine these patterns in other settings with additional indices of religiosity and disciplinary beliefs.

THE HISTORY OF ISLAM IN THE POLITICS OF MEMORY IN INDONESIA (mid-2010s to early 2020s)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the politics of memory in contexts of the history of Islam in modern Indonesia. It is assumed that the difficulties in localization of the history of Islam in modern historical memory are aggravated by repressions against Muslim activists and the violence of radical Muslims against their political and ideological opponents. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the attempts of the Indonesian society to form a compromise canon of historical memory, integrating the history of the Ummah and political Islam into officially sanctioned versions of history. The article analyzes 1) the features of the imagination of Islamic images in the politics of memory, 2) the prospects and contradictions of the integration of Ummah figures into the historical imagination, 3) attempts to revise the history of Islam in the context of the development of the memorial culture of the Indonesian society. The results of the study suggest that modern Indonesian society use the mechanisms of historical politics actively in its attempts to form a new image of the history of Islam, integrated into predominantly secular narratives that determine the development of Indonesian identity.

The prevalence and treatment utilization of substance use disorders among Muslims in the United States: A national epidemiological survey.

Research on substance use disorder (SUD) among Muslims in the United States (US) is limited. There are several unique factors, including denial and stigma, that make this population at risk of SUD. This study explored the prevalence, treatment utilization, and impact of SUD among Muslims in the US compared with a matched control group from general respondents. Data from 372 self-identified Muslims were obtained from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III. A matched non-Muslim control group (N = 744) were selected based on demographics and other SUD-relatedclinical variables. The impact of SUD was assessed using the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12). Among the 372 Muslims, 53 (10.85%) had lifetime alcohol/drug use disorder, while 75 (18.42%) had lifetime tobacco use disorder (TUD). With statistical significance, alcohol use disorder (AUD) was lower while TUD was higher in the Muslim group than in the control group. The rates of all other substances were not statistically different between the Muslim and control groups. The Muslim group have higher help-seeking and a lower mean score on the SF-12 emotional scale than the control group. Muslim Americans have higher prevalence of TUD, lower prevalence of AUD, and similar prevalence of other SUD compared to the public. Affected individuals have poor emotional functioning which may be exacerbated by the impact of stigma.This is the first study to estimate prevalence of variety of SUD in American Muslims from a national representative sample.

Meaning and Actualization of Jihad For Students in State Life

This research is attracted by issues where there are various views on the broad meaning of jihad in a multicultural society and the emergence of extremist groups in interpreting and actualizing jihad as a result of these different views. The study aims to analyze the meaning actualization of jihad and in the life of the state according to STAI As-Sunnah Deli Serdang students, North Sumatra. This research is qualitative with a case study approach. Conducted at As-Sunnah Islamic High School Deli Serdang, North Sumatra. Data collection techniques are carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. While data analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions, and verification. The results of the research show that regarding the law of jihad, students agree that the law of jihad is fardhu kifayah, namely an obligation that if a group of Muslims has carried it out, then the obligations of other Muslims fall. Even so, under certain conditions, the law of jihad can become fardhu 'ain, which is an obligation for every individual Muslim. These conditions are when the enemy has attacked when meeting the enemy, and when ordered by the legitimate leadership of the State. Student jihad in the life of the state can be carried out in all areas of life, for example, ideology, politics, economy, socio-culture, and defense and security.