Bank Group Research Articles

A Cross-National Examination of Global Gender Inequality and Femicide by Intimate Partners and Family Members.

Using cross-national data, we analyze the effects of economic participation and opportunity, educational attainment, political empowerment, legislating reserved seats for female political candidates, and prevalence of domestic violence victimization on lethal violence against women across 39 nations. These significant factors have been studied individually with little work on their comparative, unique effects on femicide. Our paper makes such a comparison. The dependent variable, femicide by intimate partners and family members, is constructed using data from the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and the World Bank Group. All data are for the year 2011, a year that also corresponds to available data in the sources for our independent variables. These sources are the 2011 World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report, the United Nations Statistics Division, International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Our resulting sample size is 39 countries from five regions of the world: Northern and Eastern Europe (n = 7), Southern and Western Europe (n = 11), Asia and Oceania (n = 7) Africa (n = 2), and the Americas (n = 12). The unit of analysis is nation and the total number of cases of femicide by intimate partners and family members from the nations is 2,067,450,894. Our study supports backlash theory and finds in nations where educational attainment and percent women reporting domestic violence are higher, and in nations having legislated quotas for female political participation, the incidents of femicide by intimate partner and family members increase. Counter to most previous research, we find no relationship between economic participation and opportunity or political empowerment and femicide by intimate partners and family members.

Trends in oncological disease burden: A comparative study between higher and lower-middle-income countries.

10560 Background: Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Ten million cancer-related deaths were recorded in 2020, a rise of 66% over the preceding two decades. Malignancies of the breast, lung, prostate and colon account for over 40% of new cancer diagnoses worldwide. This study observes trends in oncological disease burden among higher (HIC’s) and lower-middle-income countries (LMIC’s) between 2000 and 2019. Methods: Mortality to incidence ratios (MIR) were calculated using the Global Burden of Disease database by extracting age standardized mortality and incidence rates per 100 000 for breast, lung, prostate and colorectal cancer for the years 2000-2019. The European Union (EU) 15+ countries were taken to represent HIC’s. 8 of the LMIC’s in the World Bank group were included as their data quality rating was 3/5 or higher. This cohort comprised Egypt, Sri Lanka, Ukraine, El Salvador, Republic of Moldova, Philippines, Kyrgyzstan and Nicaragua. Breast, lung, colorectal and prostate cancer were included as the tumor types with highest global incidence. Median MIR (with interquartile range) were computed for each LMIC and EU15+ groups for males and females for each of the four tumor types. Results: Between 2000 and 2019 median MIR for the LMIC group was higher than for EU15+ group for all four cancer types in males and females. Wilcoxon rank sum of the 2019 data showed a statistically significant difference (p <0.001) in MIR between HIC’s and LMIC’s (table 1). For breast, prostate and colorectal cancer the difference in median MIR between LMIC group and EU15+ decreased over the observation period, for lung cancer the difference increased. Conclusions: Globally there are wide geographical variations in MIR. Cancer outcomes appear consistently worse in LMIC’s compared to HIC’s. Availability of cancer screening, access to treatment and risk-factor prevalence may contribute to the above trends. Identifying these regional disparities provides an opportunity to target resource allocation to regions that would derive the greatest benefit. [Table: see text]

Banking ecosystem as a customer-oriented business model in the context of digitalization

Subject. A customer-oriented business model chosen by leading Russian banks is implemented through digitalization of financial services. Increased competition spurred the creation of ecosystems based on banking groups. Banks are actively using a variety of innovative financial and technological instruments, i.e. FinTech methods, to improve competitiveness. Digital ecosystems are shaping the newest version of banking business models. The article addresses this dynamic process. Objectives. We analyze factors that encourage banking institutions to build ecosystems, and show methods for building banking ecosystems based on open and closed information platforms. Methods. The documentation and validity of data are ensured by the extensive use of official statistical sources, analysis of scientific publications by highly qualified Russian and foreign specialists. The paper employs a complex approach to the development of the concept of a customer-oriented banking business model. Results. The article examines modern trends in the evolution of the Russian banking sector in conditions of digitalization. Over the past two decades, banks and other financial institutions have been looking for ways to improve the sustainability of their operations. Commercial banks are changing their business model. Currently, they act as centers of financial conglomerates, corresponding banking groups and holdings. The leading Russian banks have chosen a customer-oriented business model. Conclusions. A customer-oriented business model in the form of a banking ecosystem opens up the opportunity for increasing the stability and profitability of operators in the credit and securities markets.

PENGARUH PERTUMBUHAN PERUSAHAAN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY TERHADAP KINERJA PERBANKAN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the growth of fintech companies on bank performance. The researcher expands the analysis by looking at the difference in influence between State-Owned Commercial Banks (BUMN) and Regional Development Banks (BPD) in this relationship and uses a sample of 17 banks that are included in the list of Conventional Banks in Indonesia in the 2011–2020 period. The researcher found a negative and significant relationship between the growth of FinTech firms and bank performance for both groups of banks. In addition, the researcher tested the hypothesis through several additional tests and robustness tests, such as the GMM. The findings of this study may be relevant for banks, policy makers and academic research.

Approaches to Discrimination Claims: A Comparison of the Administrative Tribunals of the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank Group

AbstractThis article examines the approaches taken by the Asian Development Bank Administrative Tribunal and the Administrative Tribunal of the Inter-American Development Bank Group in deciding discrimination claims. The article reviews the basic features of each tribunal before examining their jurisprudence on equality of treatment and issues of information disclosure in discrimination cases. Decisions to date have addressed claims of disparate treatment relating to various aspects of remuneration and benefits as well as allegations of arbitrary treatment vis-à-vis others similarly situated. A few cases have involved allegations of discrimination on the basis of sex/gender, one of several protected grounds in equality law. The number of judicial dissents in discrimination cases suggests that the tribunals have encountered some difficulty in handling them. The article points to a gradual but still incomplete approximation of the decisions of such tribunals to contemporary developments in discrimination law, and suggests a possible way forward.

Evaluation of Innovation Efficiency on Chinese Commercial Banks under the Internet Finance: A DEA-Malmquist Index-Based Approach

The development of the digital economy and internet finance greatly impacts the technological innovation of Chinese commercial banks. Therefore, most of the Chinese commercial banks have invested a lot of money in the new information technology applications to adapt to the impacts of internet finance. Consequently, whether these investments have achieved the expected effect and efficiency has been concerned by these banks. For these concerns, we have used relative data from 49 Chinese commercial banks from 2010 to 2020 period and used the DEA-BCC model and DEA-Malmquist index to analyze their innovation efficiency from both static and dynamic perspectives. Our study found that from the static perspective, the innovation efficiency greatly varies among the banks in the study, and most banks have room for improvement in pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. From the dynamic perspective, the innovation efficiency of the banks in the study is generally on the rise. Changes in technical efficiency play a major role in improving their overall efficiency, and technological progress is the second driving force. Therefore, technological investment should be increased, and technological levels should be improved to improve innovation efficiency. Our study also shows that, according to the ownership types, different groups of banks have differently shown their innovation efficiencies. Joint-stock commercial banks have the highest innovation efficiency, while rural commercial banks have the lowest innovation efficiency. Our study suggests that all Chinese commercial banks should overcome their own shortages in information technological innovation capability to elevate their innovation efficiency, under the background of internet finance.

Persepsi Bank pada Pelaksanaan Restrukturisasi Kredit di Era Pandemi Covid-19

The Covid-19 pandemic has had a direct or indirect impact on banking. This study aims to investigate the conditions and perceptions of the banking industry in dealing with the Covid-19 pandemic and credit restructuring policies in Indonesia. This study is the result of a survey of 35 Perbanas member banks representing all bank groups based on their core capital. The results of the descriptive analysis found that the banking industry was quite strong, responded well to the shocks that occurred, and had strong optimism about the banking recovery. This condition is considered to support Indonesia's financial stability.

The Opportunity of the Waste Bank as One of the Livelihoods for the Community

If we want to try, there are many ways you can do, in terms of entrepreneurship, for example, there are waste bank activities. For some people, managing waste is an activity that is underestimated, an activity that has little economic value and is a profession for the lower classes. However, recently the concept of a waste bank has been able to ward off this negative stigma, as it has been proven that many waste business actors have made huge profits. This is proof, whatever the form of business and profession, if done properly and correctly, can provide maximum benefits. This study was conducted to analyze the activities of the waste bank, so that the potential economic value is known. This research is qualitative with descriptive analysis, in which the exploration of phenomena is done naturally. The object of this research is the waste bank group in Pamulang, South Tangerang. The research data were obtained through in-depth interviews, discussions, observations, and documentation. The results obtained information, that the waste management business is an activity that has economic value. As for the size of the economic value, it really depends on skills in managing waste and marketing it to the community. Thus it can be said that in waste bank activities there are opportunities or economic value obtained, but expertise in managing waste and the ability to sell processed products are the determining factors, how these opportunities can become one of the community entrepreneurial activities.

WASTE BANK CONCEPT: Having Savings and Income from Waste

The rise of the concept of a waste bank in Indonesian society has its own charm, for example about savings and income from waste. The reason is, so far waste has no value, and even tends to be a problem for the environment. The presence of the waste bank concept is a breath of fresh air that can minimize the risk of waste problems, as well as provide economic benefits. This study was conducted to analyze waste bank activities that generate economic benefits, through the concept of waste bank savings. This research was conducted at the waste bank group in Pondok Pinang sub-district, Jakarta. The research correspondents were members of the waste bank, as many as 54 people. The research method uses quantitative techniques with regression analysis. Research data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires. The results of the study confirm that the waste bank activity is considered positive, because it is an alternative to solving the waste problem and also provides material benefits, although it is acknowledged by the community that it is not significant. However, the proceeds from savings from waste bank activities are quite beneficial for funding community activities. Statistically, the number of waste bank activities can increase savings, and have implications for increasing waste bank income.

Public–Private Partnerships in the distance learning program during COVID-19 pandemic times in the Philippines: Identification of practices and principles

Several challenges fill the distance learning program in the Philippines and the Public-Private Partnerships implementation process. The educational system in the Philippines, like any other developing country, is severely affected during these pandemic times. Although the public schools already employed the programs and resource mobilization, partnership effectiveness is not yet fully determined. As such, our qualitative study applied the concept lenses of SDG#17 and SDG#4 to describe the degree of integration of practices and principles during the implementation of PPPs in the distance learning program. Semi-structured interviews and content analysis were conducted among public school principals in Mandaluyong City in NCR, Philippines. The prevailing PPP practices and principles are Upfront commitment to maintenance, and predictability and transparency of whole-oflife costs, creation of specific obligations of both parties, the establishment of educational objectives in the MOA, evaluation of the work progress & completion based on the targets, and lastly, sharing results of the outcome of these educational endeavors. The commitment of the teachers is the main enabling factor, while the poor internet connectivity and effect and restrictions brought about by the COVID19 pandemic are the hindering factors in the distance learning program. This paper can serve as a source of reference in establishing a long-term sustainable plan for implementing partnership efforts in quality education across the regions in the Philippines. We could also utilize the results of this study in the process of policy innovation to implement all the PPPs and maximize the impact elsewhere in achieving all the SDGs.ReferencesAlmarri, K. & Abuhijleh, B. (2017) A qualitative study for developing a framework for implementing public-private partnerships in developing countries. Journal of Facilities Management. 15(2), 170–189. doi: 10.1108/jfm-07-2016-0031Axinn, W.G., & Pearce, L.D. (2006). Mixed method data collection strategies. New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press.Burmeister, E. & Aitken, L. (2012). Sample size: How many is enough? Australia Critical Care, 25(4), 271–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aucc.2012.07.002Balanay R.M., & Halog A. (2016). Teaching education for sustainable development at university level: A case study from the Philippines. Teaching Education for Sustainable Development at University Level. World Sustainability Series. 1, 163-174. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32928-4_11Dela Serna, A. (2018). Teaching sustainable development in the Philippines: Looking through the lens of education for sustainable development (esd). ASEAN Conference on Education. p. 841 – 851. Retrieved from http://www.pbic.tu.ac.th/wpcontent/uploads/2019/10/2018-Ace-proceedings.pdfHueskes, M., Verhoest, K., and Block, T., (2017). Governing public–private partnerships for sustainability: an analysis of procurement and governance practices of PPP infrastructure projects. International Journal of Project management, 35, 1184–1195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.02.020Huxham, C. & Vangen, S. (2005). Managing to collaborate: The theory and practice of collaborative advantage. London: Routledge.Kwofie, K.N., Afram, S. & Botchway, E. (2015). A critical success model for PPP public housing delivery in Ghana. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 6(1), 58-73. doi: 10.1108/bepam-04-2014-0026Obwegeser, N., & Muller, S. D. (2018). Innovation and public procurement: Terminology, concepts, and applications. Technovation, 2(1) 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2018.02.015Shi, L., Han, L., Yang, F., & Gao, L. (2019). The evolution of sustainable development theory: Types, goals, and research prospects. Sustainability, 11(24), 7158. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247158Shokri-Ghasabeh, M. & Chileshe, N. (2014). Knowledge management: Barriers to capturing lessons learned from Australian construction contractors’ perspective. Construction Innovation, 14(1), 108-134. DOI: 10.1108/CI-06-2013-0026Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). (2015). Indicators and a monitoring framework for the sustainable development goals. Launching a data revolution. UN, New York. Retrieved from https://irp-cdn.multiscreensite.com/be6d1d56/files/uploaded/150612-FINAL-SDSN-Indicator-Report1.pdfSustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN) Australia/Pacific. (2017). Getting started with SDGs in universities: A guide for universities, higher education institutions, and the Academic Sector. (Australia, New Zealand and Pacific Edition). Sustainable Development Solutions Network, Australia/Pacific, Melbourne. Retrieved http://ap-unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/University-SDG-Guide_web.pdfTrangkanont, S. and Charoenngam, C. (2014). Private partner's risk response in PPP low-cost housing projects. Property Management, 32(1): 67–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/PM-02-2013-0008.United Nations (UN). (2015). Transforming our world: the 2030 agenda for sustainable development. UN, New York. Retrieved from https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=EWorld Bank (2015). World Bank group support to public-private partnerships: Lessons from experience in client countries. fy02–1202–12; World Bank: Washington, DC, USA,121–139. Retrieved from https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/10986/22908/9781464806308.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yWorld Bank (2017). Public private partnerships reference guide version 3.0. https://library.pppknowledgelab.org/documents/ 4699/download

IMPACT OF BANKING SECTOR CREDITS ON NET SME FORMATION IN TURKEY

Purpose: This study examines the impact of banking sector credit on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Turkey. The main objective of the study is to investigate whether state-equity bank group or private-equity bank group credits have significant impact on the growth of net Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) formation a regional, urban and sectoral basis. Methodology: As part of the methodology, quarterly data between 2010-2019 was collected and used in the study for Panel Cointegration Model. Findings: The formulated hypotheses reveal that private-equity bank credits have significant impact on the growth of small and medium enterprises in Turkey. For statistical region segmentation, city segmentation and sectoral segmentation, private equity bank group credit coefficient is higher than state equity bank group. LPCT (private equity bank group city based logarithmic total credits) variable has a higher coefficient than LSCT (state equity bank group city based logarithmic total credits) variable. Originality: During literature review, no work with these variables could be found. This work is expected to fill a gap in the literature.

A Study on India's Status of Transition Towards a Green Economy

The study represents the status of India in its adoption of green economy and suggestions to address identified gaps. The research is qualitative and quantitative wherein secondary data for green economy growth indicators is obtained from reports of Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Bank Group, etc. In India, the journey of transition towards a greener economy has commenced. India has obtained membership in Partnership for Action on Green Economy (PAGE). India is making significant progress in areas of environmental policies at national level, enhancement in renewable energy portfolio, improved access to basic services. India has improved in global positions and scores of green growth indexes. India lags in factors including degraded air quality, high greenhouse gas emissions and inefficient waste management. India has progressed but has a long way ahead to achieve its goals and commitments to emerge as a successful green economy.

Risk assessment of banking groups financing leasing companies

Subject. The article investigates the existing approaches to assessment of risk of banking groups, arising from the financing of leasing companies by banking groups being the largest players in the financial lease market. Objectives. The purpose is to develop an original methodology for assessing the risks of banking groups in the financial lease market, arising from the provision of financing to lessors. Methods. I employ methods of systems analysis, comparative analysis, ratio analysis, synthesis, induction and deduction, methods of grouping, classification, and statistical methods. Results. I developed an original approach and methodology to assess the risks of banking groups that finance leasing companies. Conclusions. The existing methods for assessing the creditworthiness of leasing companies do not fully assess risks inherent in financing of lessors. The presented methodology rests on current standard ratios and enables to solve the problem of quantitative risk assessment in financing to leasing companies.

Building a unified sustainable development goal database: Why does sustainable development goal data selection matter?

AbstractThe 2020s are an essential decade for achieving the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). For this, SDG research needs to provide evidence that can be translated into concrete actions. However, studies use different SDG data, resulting in incomparable findings. Researchers primarily use SDG databases provided by the United Nations (UN), the World Bank Group (WBG), and the Bertelsmann Stiftung & Sustainable Development Solutions Network (BE‐SDSN). We compile these databases into one unified SDG database and examine the effects of the data selection on our understanding of SDG interactions. Among the databases, we observed more different than similar SDG interactions. Differences in synergies and trade‐offs mainly occur for SDGs that are environmentally oriented. Due to the increased data availability, the unified SDG database offers a more nuanced and reliable view of SDG interactions. Thus, the SDG data selection may lead to diverse findings, fostering actions that might neglect or exacerbate trade‐offs.

Market power and efficiency of Indian banks: does the “quiet life” hypothesis hold?

PurposeThis paper investigates the relationship between market power and efficiency for Indian banks in order to test the validity of the quiet life hypothesis (QLH) during 2005–2019.Design/methodology/approachFirst, the bank-level DEA efficiency scores and three measures of the Lerner index: traditional, efficiency-adjusted, stochastic are estimated. Then, efficiency scores are regressed on Lerner indices plus a set of banking and economic control variables.FindingsRobust evidence against the QLH is obtained. Moreover, the conventional Lerner index suggests that market power of Indian banks, as well as of the different bank groups, increased during the study period, due to a greater reduction in costs compared to that of the price of banking services. The efficiency scores also declined for the banking system as a whole, and for all bank groups except new private banks.Originality/valueThis is the first study testing the QLH for the different categories of Indian banks and also provides robust inferences by using both stochastic and non-stochastic measures of market power.

Public choice and private contracting in financial markets

ABSTRACT In this article, I propose that high levels of concentration in markets make the production of standardised contracts in those markets more likely to be captured by the dominant players creating opportunities for them to extract rents and further reduce competition through contract and market design. I examine how contracts produced by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association (ISDA) shaped the organisation and its activities. ISDA’s governance was dominated by a concentrated group of dealer banks who benefited from the opaque OTC market microstructure revolving around ISDA’s standardised contracts. The organisation’s activities, such as lobbying and data collection, were aimed in part at preserving that microstructure allowing dominant firms to extract rents and reduce competition. In the absence of policy interventions, standardised contracts produced by trade associations can become captured in ways not dissimilar to public regulation.

Decentralization of South Eastern Nigeria’s Local Governments and Achievement of Mandates Enshrined in Nigeria’s 1999 Constitution

In recent times, there has been sustained interest in how local governments in Nigeria can satisfactorily provide the critical needs of the people within their jurisdiction as stipulated in the 1999 constitution. Decentralization is enshrined in the constitution as a means of realizing these needs yet local governments have not been able to satisfactorily achieve them. This study examines the extent local governments apply the three components of decentralization; namely, political, bureaucratic, and fiscal. Relying on cross-sectional survey, the researchers obtained data, using adapted decentralization tool kit from World Bank Group. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test. We found that the three components of decentralization are not completely applied toward achieving local government mandates.

Distance of doing business and outward foreign direct investment: An empirical study of China

AbstractDifferences between the business environment in the home country and the host country are an important factor when enterprises consider their location choice with regard to outward foreign direct investment (OFDI). However, this is ignored by much existing literature. Based on the trade‐off framework of international firms between exporting and participation in OFDI under the condition of heterogeneous enterprises, this paper constructs a theoretical model of the impact of distance of doing business (DDB) on OFDI. We take China's OFDI as an example and use the World Bank Group's Ease of Doing Business Index to construct the DDB indicator, as well as test the impact of the DDB on China's OFDI by combining the macro‐location panel data of China's OFDI between 2004 and 2017. The results showed that increasing DDB significantly reduces the scale of China's OFDI. The effect is robust. The mechanism is that DDB significantly decreases the success rate of OFDI and increases the cost of OFDI, thereby decreasing the scale of OFDI. Further analysis then finds that official acts, such as building partnerships, and folk acts, such as increasing cultural identity, can significantly reduce the negative effect of DDB on OFDI.

Islamic Banking Under Vision of Green Finance: The Case of Development, Ecosystem and Prospects

The Central Asia-Pacific Conference of the Pakistan Securities Commission - World Bank Group IOSCO Asia Pacific specifically examined "Bridling Islamic Finance for a Green Future" the capability of Islamic money to help environmental change relief and transformation endeavors, including the utilization of Islamic monetary instruments to fund green exercises, including sustainable power, regular assets and energy proficiency projects. It inspected the political, administrative and institutional components fundamental for the feasible utilization of Islamic means to battle environmental change. Furthermore, the meeting introduced a progression of contextual investigations on the new utilization of green sukuk to back projects in Pakistan and Indonesia, as well as the conceivable replication of these instruments in other endlessly developing business sectors. This report intends to sum up the substance of the conversations examined at the gathering. The innovative methodology no longer works inside the ongoing peculiarity of environmental change. While it has been some time since the world has perceived the significance of tending to environmental change, ongoing environment occasions have featured the requirement for pressing activity. The monetary area assumes a fundamental part given how much monetary assets expected to help environmental change alleviation and variation drives. Given the tension on open spending plans, activating confidential area finances through creative instruments becomes fundamental. There are serious areas of strength for a between Islamic money and green money. The meeting featured the genuine hole between Islamic money and green money, or all the more by and large economical money. One issue that has been featured all through has been the normal fit between Islamic money and green money considering its fundamental standards of shared hazard and manageability, which could demonstrate pivotal to supporting speculations to battle environmental change, which frequently include inventive exercises and advances. Islamic money has encountered fast development, and today absolute Sharia-consistent resources are assessed at around $2 trillion. This offers huge potential to help the environmental change plan. Decrease green financial advancement in endless monetary areas, for example, transport and energy squander. A reasonable message from the meeting was that the greener the economy, the better the environmental change peculiarity will be made do. This prompts the quest for adjusted monetary improvement programs that fit well with the essential standards of Islamic funding, which depends on the idea of Maqasid al-Shariah. Development in structures means a lot to expand the degree of subsidizing for projects that benefit the climate. The UN Commission on Trade and Development (UNSTAD) gauges that by 2030, a yearly speculation of $5 trillion to $7 trillion will be expected to support the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in non-industrial nations. There should be a drawn-out multilateral way to deal with tending to environmental change, and Islamic money can make a critical commitment by offering different funding arrangements and taking advantage of a more extensive financial backer base. Islamic green money requires a steady biological system to become quicker. The green security market has filled dramatically lately, and Islamic money has the chance to profit by this worldwide pattern. There is a misinterpretation that green bonds are more complicated and costly to issue, and this should be remedied. The green security market is an illustration of how the ordinary capital market has moved its concentration to tending to environment worries in monetary and speculation matters. The Islamic capital market section of Follows is reasonable for the distribution of the green sukuk and, all the more as of late, for the sovereign green sukuk. There are a lot of cases on how Sukuk has been utilized to help ensured green tasks. Key perspectives stick out, for example, working with factors with the execution of lines, the arrangements gave, as well as the involvement in the utilization of sukuk. Principles and rules as key structure blocks for Islamic Green Finance. The fundamental structure and environment are possibly significant drivers for defeating Islamic money and green industry. Controllers are looking for a superior comprehension of the key factors that work with the capital market environment for manageable supporting. This incorporates the improvement of manageable resource classes like green securities/sukuks, assets and records. The gathering featured a portion of the structure impedes that could end up being useful to make ready for Islamic green money. This incorporates examining norms and rules, as well as establishing a climate for Islamic green money, for example the job of global foundations and controllers in making the essential environment.

Energy Saving in Transition Economies: Environmental Activities in Manufacturing Firms

This study seeks to explore the relationship between active environmental activities and energy saving in firms operating in a set of Transition countries. For this purpose, we exploit the enterprise survey data collected by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), the European Investment Bank (EIB) and the World Bank Group (WBG). Employing a probit regression model, the main finding shows a positive relation between environmental practices and energy saving, controlling several firms’ characteristics such as size, affiliation, credit line, ownership status and age. The results are also confirmed when we perform the robustness check. Interestingly, medium and small firms appear to save more energy than large ones.