Hand Grip Strength Group Research Articles

Association of hand-grip strength and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease index in older adults.

[Purpose]This study examined the association of hand-grip strength (HGS) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) index in older adults.[Methods]This was a cross-sectional study involving 538 older adults with mean age of 74.3±6.4 years. Body composition parameters including height, percent body fat, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), was determined using body composition analyzer. HGS was assessed using a dynamometer, and NAFLD was diagnosed by the simple NAFLD score (SNS), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS), and fibrosis 4 calculator (FIB-4). Based on relative HGS, subjects were classified as High HGS, Mid HGS, and Low HGS group. Based on SNS, HSI, NFS and FIB-4 score, subjects were classified as High risk and Low risk group. Logistic regression analyses were used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of HGS levels for having steatosis and fibrosis.[Results]There were linear decreases in NAFLD index such as SNS (P<.001), HSI (P<.001), NFS (P=.001), and FIB-4 (P=.041) across incremental HGS levels. Compared to the High HGS group (reference), the Low HGS group had significantly higher ORs of having SNS (OR=4.583, 95% CI=2.608-8.054, P<.001), HSI (OR=11.697, 95% CI=5.261-26.005, P<.001), and NFS (OR=1.709, 95% CI=1.005-2.907, P=.048).[Conclusion]The current findings suggest that a lifestyle intervention consisting of a normal weight and physical fitness should be promoted as a preventive means against NAFLD associated with HGS.

Determining functional activity profiles in patients with upper extremity disorders: is there effect modification by hand-grip strength?

PurposeThe purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of hand-grip strength (HGS) on the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score in women with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UEMDs) living in rural communities and examine whether upper extremity diseases affected upper extremity functional activity in each group (normal/low HGS) and whether grip strength (GS) was an effect modifier in upper extremity functional activity.MethodsA total of 239 women older than 60 years who had completed a medical workup for epicondylitis, rotator cuff tears, and/or hand osteoarthritis were included in the final study. Functional activity was assessed by DASH, and muscle strength was measured by GS. Low HGS was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (HGS <18 kg in women). Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between HGS and the DASH score. A multiple regression analysis was performed after defining DASH as a dependent variable and dividing subjects into two groups (low HGS and normal HGS). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Statistics V.24.ResultsHGS in the participants correlated with the DASH score (r=−0.320, P<0.001). In the low HGS group, waist circumference (B=−0.526, P=0.010) and the DASH score were significantly correlated. In addition, DASH scores were statistically significantly increased as the number of upper extremity diseases increased to 2 (B=11.592, P=0.016) and 3 (B=15.716, P=0.001). The DASH score in the normal HGS group was correlated with the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score (β=2.680, P<0.001) after adjusting covariates.ConclusionWe found that HGS in UEMD patients affected health-related quality of life as measured by the DASH. Maintaining hand muscle strength may improve patient functional activity in age-related UEMDs.

Sex-age-specific handgrip strength and mortality in an incident hemodialysis cohort: The risk explained by nutrition and comorbidities.

To investigate associations of sex-age-specific handgrip strength by a dynamometer with all-cause mortality and the percent excess risk explained (%ERE) by comorbidities and nutritional indicators in incident maintenance hemodialysis patients. Prospective cohort of 413 adult patients (165 women, 248 men, 299 <60 years and 114 ⩾60 years) with <6 months (82% <3 months) on dialysis enrolled in PROHEMO in Salvador, Brazil. Low and high handgrip strength groups were based on sex-age-specific cutoffs (17.8 kg for women <60 years, 13.8 kg for women ⩾60 years, 29.5 kg for men <60 years, and 21.9 kg for men ⩾60 years). We used Cox regression to estimate the mortality hazard ratio. The %ERE was determined by the equation (HR1 - HR2)/(HR1 - 1) × 100, in which HR1 represented the hazard ratio in a model with a smaller number of covariates and HR2 represented the hazard ratio in a subsequent model with the inclusion of new covariates plus the variables included in the previous model. The mortality hazard ratio comparing low and high handgrip strength was 2.58 (95% confidence interval: 1.73, 3.85) in the model with sociodemographic factors and vintage and 2.25 (95% confidence interval: 1.49, 3.43) with addition of comorbidities, corresponding to a %ERE of 21%. The hazard ratio was 1.98 (95% confidence interval: 1.29, 3.06) after addition of nutritional indicators corresponding to %ERE of 38%. Results stratified by age and gender followed similar patterns. These results provide support for the assessment of handgrip strength in all maintenance hemodialysis patients for early identification of those who may require special care to improve nutritional status and survival.

The influence of hand grip strength on surgical outcomes after surgery for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis: a preliminary result.

Although a number of prognostic factors have been demonstrated to be associated with surgical outcome of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS), no study has investigated the relation between hand grip strength (HGS) and treatment outcome of DLSS. The purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of HGS on surgical outcomes after surgery for patients with DLSS. This is an observational study. Patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the study. Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), EuroQOL (EQ-5D), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores for back or leg pain were assessed. A total of 172 consecutive patients who underwent spine surgery for DLSS were included in the present study. Patients were assigned to either high HGS group (≥26 kg for men and ≥18 kg for women, n=124) or low HGS group (<26 kg for men and <18 kg for women, n=48) based on their preoperative HGS performance. Oswestry Disability Index, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain were assessed and compared between two groups preoperatively, 3 and 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome measure was baseline-adjusted ODI scores 6 months after surgery. The secondary outcome measures, including the overall ODI score, EQ-5D score, VAS score for back and leg pain, were assessed at each time point during the 6-month follow-up period. As primary outcome, baseline-adjusted ODI scores were significantly lower in the high HGS group than in the low HGS group 6 months after surgery. In the secondary outcome measurements, the ODI, EQ-5D, and VAS scores for back and leg pain improved significantly with time after surgery in both groups. The effects of HGS group on the overall changes in the ODI and EQ-5D scores during the 6-month period were significantly different between the two groups; however, they were not significantly different on VAS score for back and leg pain. The pattern of change in the ODI during the follow-up period was significantly different between the two groups. Patients with preoperative high HGS display better surgical outcome in terms of disability and health status 6 months after spine surgery. Preoperative HGS can act as a predictor of surgical outcome in patients with DLSS.

Relationship between hand grip strength and peak VO2 in community‐dwelling elderly outpatients

AbstractBackgroundHand grip strength and peak oxygen uptake (VO2) are important components of frailty. However, the relationship between these two variables among community‐dwelling elderly people is still unclear. The present study aimed to investigate this relationship.MethodsParticipants were 190 Japanese community‐dwelling elderly outpatients (61 men and 129 women, mean age 78.0 years). Hand grip strength of participants' was measured using a Smedley‐type hand dynamometer. Peak VO2 levels were assessed with a cardiopulmonary exercise test. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) and usual walking speed were assessed physiologically and physically. Sample size was calculated using G*Power 3.1.9.2.ResultsThere were significant correlations between hand grip strength and age (r = −0.22), peak VO2 (r = 0.40), SMI (r = 0.51), and usual walking speed (r = 0.29). There were significant differences in age, peak VO2 and SMI after participants were divided into normal and low hand grip strength groups according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia threshold, whether both sexes were combined or considered separately. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that peak VO2, SMI and age were independent determinants of hand grip strength after adjusting for potential confounders (Exp(B) = 0.871; 0.475; 1.065). Longitudinal analysis after 6 months of exercise training showed the percentage of change in hand grip strength and peak VO2 were correlated positively (r = 0.22) for 92 participants.ConclusionPeak VO2 is independently associated with hand grip strength among community‐dwelling elderly outpatients.

Hand-Grip Strength as an Effective Predictor of Surgical Outcomes in Malignancy

Patients with gastrointestinal tract and intra-abdominal malignancy have a significant number of complications and very limited life expectancy. By defining patients at high risk preoperatively, it can help us guiding in deciding surgical interventions and explaining prognosis for patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of hand-grip strength (HGS) as a predictor of surgical outcomes in gastrointestinal tract and intra-abdominal malignancy patients with reference to complications and mortality. This was a prospective cohort study of 60 patients with gastrointestinal tract and intra-abdominal malignancy from November 2014 to December 2015 at the Department of General Surgery at SSG Hospital, Vadodara. Hand-grip strength was noted preoperatively using a hand-grip strength dynamometer. Patients were divided in two groups of 30 patients with one group having normal HGS (> = 25) and the other with low HGS (< 25) Compared to normal HGS group, patients with low HGS had higher number of complications (21 vs. 8) and mortality (12 vs. 2). ICU stay and overall hospital stay were also longer in low HGS group patients. Hand-grip strength is a simple and effective predictor of surgical outcomes in malignancy patients with low cost and ease of use as a routine preoperative tool.

Muscle strength is associated with lower diastolic blood pressure in schoolchildren

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) provides protection against the elevated blood pressure in overweight youth. Less is known regarding any similar protective effect of muscular fitness. We investigated how handgrip strength, an easy to implement measure of muscular strength, interacted with CRF and BMI to determine blood pressure in youth. We measured systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, handgrip strength (HG), CRF and body mass index (BMI) in n=7329 10–16year-olds (47% girls). We defined elevated blood pressure as >91st percentile and Good HG as >33rd percentile. Participants were classified as Fit or Unfit and as Normal or Overweight/Obese based on international standards.The prevalence of elevated SBP was 23%, and 44% of participants had elevated DBP. In unfit participants Good HG was associated with lower SBP (z=0.41 (95%CI: 0.20–0.61) and DBP (z=0.29 (95%CI: 0.12–0.47). In Overweight/Obese participants, DBP was z=0.24 (95%CI: 0.14–0.34) lower in the Good (versus Low) HG group. Overweight/Obese participants with Good HG also had a 32% lower risk of elevated DBP (OR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.57–0.82). This association was attenuated but remained important after adjusting for BMI (20% risk reduction, OR: 0.80, 95%CI: 0.63–1.01).Muscular fitness appears to play some protective role against the risk of elevated blood pressure; particularly for the more prevalent measure: elevated DBP (44%). Effects may be restricted to Overweight / Obese or unfit youth, who have an increased risk of elevated BP and also may be less likely to engage in traditional cardiorespiratory fitness training. Research to determine the effects of muscular fitness training on blood pressure is warranted in these subgroups.

205 Hand grip strength and DXA in adults with cystic fibrosis

Objectives We have previously shown that hand grip strength (HGS) in 245 adult CF patients was significantly reduced compared to healthy reference values, declined with worsening clinical status, and may be a better indicator of nutritional status than body mass index (BMI) [1]. We extended this work to determine if reduced HGS was associated with lower bone mineral density (assessed by DXA Z scores) and lower fat-free mass (FFM). Methods 103 whole body DXA's and 172 DXA Z scores were performed within 6 months of HGS measurements taken using a standardised protocol. We grouped results into those with HGS 85% predicted (high HGS group). Results This cohort had 81 males and 91 females with mean values for age 28.5 years, BMI 22.4 kg/m2 and FEV1% predicted of 62.8%. Z scores in males within the low and high HGS groups were measured as –1.7 vs –1.1 (spine), –1.3 vs –0.5* (hip), and –1.4 vs –0.6* (neck of femur; NOF). Z scores in females within the low and high HGS groups were measured at –1.0 vs –0.4* (spine), –0.9 vs –0.2 (hip), and –1.0 vs –0.4* (NOF). *Denotes p value of Conclusion HGS was significantly reduced in those with lower DXA Z scores but BMI was not. HGS is more closely correlated with DXA than BMI and may be a useful additional test to assess nutritional status and disease severity in CF.

Effect of slow and fast pranayama training on handgrip strength and endurance in healthy volunteers.

Pranayama has been assigned very important role in yogic system of exercises and is said to be much more important than yogasanas for keeping sound health. Also different pranayamas produce divergent physiological effects. To study the effect of 12 weeks training of slow and fast pranayama on handgrip strength and endurance in young, healthy volunteers of JIPMER population. Present study was conducted in the Department of Physiology, JIPMER in 2011-12 (1.06.11 to 1.04.12). Total of 91 volunteer subjects were randomised into slow pranayama (SPG) (n=29), fast pranayama (FPG) (n=32) and control groups (CG) (n=30). Supervised pranayama training (SPG - Nadisodhana, Pranav pranayama and Savitri pranayama; FPG - Kapalabhati, Bhastrika and Kukkuriya pranayama) was given for 30 minutes thrice a week for 12 weeks to both slow and fast pranayama groups by certified yoga trainer. Hand grip strength (HGS) and endurance (HGE) parameters were recorded using handgrip dynamometer (Rolex, India) at baseline and after 12 weeks of pranayama training. Longitudinal changes in each group were compared by using Student's paired t-test. Delta changes in each group were analysed by ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc analysis. In SPG significant improvement occurred only in HGE parameter from 83.95±45.06 to 101.62±53.87 (seconds) (p<0.001) whereas in FPG, significant improvement was observed in HGS from 33.31±9.83 to 37.9±9.41 (Kilograms) (p=0.01) as well as in HGE from 92.78±41.37 to 116.56±58.54 (seconds) (p=0.004). Using Students unpaired t-test difference between the groups in HGS is found to be 1.17±5.485 in SPG and in FPG is 4.59±7.26 (p=0.39); HGE difference in SPG is 1.77±21.17 and in FPG is 2.38±43.27 (p>0.05). Pranayama training decreases sympathetic activity, resulting in mental relaxation and decreased autonomic arousal thereby, decreasing force fluctuations during isometric contraction. This is reflected as improvement in HGS and HGE.

Evaluation of Dietary Intake and Exercise in the Elderly According to Hand Grip Strength

Background: The prevalence of chronic disease is increased by sarcopenia, which is change in body composition induced by aging resulting in loss of muscle mass and increase in fat mass. The purpose of this study was to identify any difference between dietary habits, patterns of snacking, and exercise between elderly subjects with normal and abnormal hand grip strength. Methods: A cross sectional study of 135 elderly members from a senior welfare center was carried out and data were collected through interviews by using a structured questionnaire which included factors such as education level, BMI, dietary habit, pattern of snacking, and exercise associated with hand grip strength. The subjects were classified into abnormal and normal groups based on hand grip strength. Results: The results showed significant differences in education level, age, and BMI among the two groups. Subjects among the normal hand grip strength group showed greater frequency in food intake and snacking than in the abnormal group. They also showed, although not statistically significant, higher intake of food and snacks containing calcium, vitamin D-rich dairy, legumes, and eggs while they scored lower in resistance exercise. Conclusion: The results indicate that in order to increase muscle strength in the elderly, it is necessary to prevent being underweight by proper dietary habit, and exercise.

Preventive Effect of Protein-Energy Supplementation on the Functional Decline of Frail Older Adults With Low Socioeconomic Status: A Community-Based Randomized Controlled Study

Chronic undernutrition is a common condition in older people with low socioeconomic status and is clearly an important component of frailty. However, it is uncertain whether protein-energy supplementation can prevent functional decline in this group. Eighty-seven frail older adults (usual gait speed, <0.6 m/second; Mini Nutritional Assessment, <24) were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Participants were randomly assigned to either an intervention group, which was provided two 200-mL cans of commercial liquid formula (additional 400 kcal of energy, 25g of protein, 9.4g of essential amino acids, 400mL of water) per day for 12 weeks, or the controls group, which did not receive this supplement. The primary outcomes were the change of the Physical Functioning and Short Physical Performance Battery. Usual gait speed, timed up-and-go test, hand grip strength, and one-legged stance were also measured as secondary outcome variables. Physical Functioning increased by 5.9% (1 point) in the intervention group, although no change was observed in the control group (p =.052). Short Physical Performance Battery remained stable in the intervention group, although it decreased by 12.5% (1 point) in controls (p = .039). Usual gait speed decreased by 1.0% in the intervention group versus 11.3% (0.04 m/second) in controls (p = .039). Timed up-and-go improved by 7.2% (1.1 seconds) in the intervention group and worsened by 3.4% (0.9 seconds) in controls (p = .038). There were no differences between groups in hand grip strength or one-legged stance performance. The results indicate that protein-energy supplementation administered to frail older adults with low socioeconomic status shows evidence of reducing the progression of functional decline.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HAND GRIP STRENGTH AND HAND BONE MINERAL DENSITY IN CHILDREN WITH INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS

We thought that grip strength in patients with IDDM would be associated with hand BMD of patients and we thought that patients with IDDM have lower hand BMD than normal subjects.Therefore in this study, the evaluation of the relationship between hand grip strength and hand bone mineral density in healthy children and in children with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was studied. The hand grip strength, hand and axial bone mineral density of patients were also compared to age-matched healthy controls.We studied 31 consecutive outpatients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus defined in accordance to the World Health Organization criteria, who attended to the diabetic outpatient clinic. Thirty two healthy children were included as control group.There were no differences in the age, body mass index, bone age, serum Ca and P levels between the diabetic patients and the controls (p &gt; 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in hand grip strength, total hand and axial bone mineral density (p &gt; 0.05). There were significant correlations between hand grip strength and hand bone mineral density r = 0.824, p = 0.000), axial bone mineral density (r = 0.714, p = 0.000), bone age (r = 0.830, p = 0.000) and duration of insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in the diabetic group (r = 0.463, p = 0.009).When linear multiple regression analysis was performed hand grip strength and bone age were independent predictors of hand BMD (p &lt; 0.05).We found that hand grip strength significantly correlated with the hand and axial bone mineral density in patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. We suggest that strengthening exercises should be encouraged to increase bone mineral density in these patients.