Graupel Research Articles

Effect of chlorhexidine gel on the prevention of alveolar osteitis and post‐operative pain following transalveolar extraction of impacted mandibular third molars: A randomized study

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the efficacy of 0.2% chlorhexidine gel with warm saline mouth rinse (WSMR) in the prevention of alveolar osteitis (AO) following transalveolar impacted mandibular third molar (IMTM) extraction after accounting for surgical operative confounding factors.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a parallel design randomized study. Participants were consenting adults randomly assigned to 0.9% WSMR and 0.2% chlorhexidine gel (administered twice daily post‐operatively) groups. All participants were followed up daily post‐operatively for one week. The primary outcome was an incidence of AO, assessed using Blum's criteria. Fischer's exact tests and regression models were used to investigate the effect of interventions on AO.ResultsOne hundred participants were enrolled in the study, with 50 participants in each group. A higher incidence of AO was observed in the WSMR group than the chlorhexidine group (16% vs. 2%, p = 0.01). However, after adjusting for duration of extraction (aOR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.71) and bone operating time (aOR: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.47), the difference was not statistically significant.ConclusionsIn conclusion, the study demonstrates that the application of the 0.2% chlorhexidine gel was not significantly more effective in preventing AO compared with the use of WSMR following transalveolar IMTM extraction after controlling for operative factors.

Comparative Evaluation of Effect of TENS on Controlling Pain Associated with Orthodontic Separator Placement-A Clinical Study.

To assess and contrast the efficacy of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) therapy and topical anesthetic gel in reducing the level of pain associated with the placement of orthodontic separators. A cohort of 40 individuals, aged between 16 and 20 years, who were in need of fixed orthodontic treatment, was chosen for the study. Elastomeric separators were positioned bilaterally adjacent to the first molars in all participants, who were subsequently separated into two distinct cohorts. Those in group I received topical anesthetic gel, while those in group II underwent TENS therapy. After the placement of separators, the assessment of pain was conducted using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at specific intervals: Immediately after placement, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. TENS group showed a significantly lower VAS score compared to the local anesthetic gel group at immediate, 6 hours, and 12 hours. Following the placement of elastomeric separators, it was found that TENS was more successful at reducing pain.

Erythrocyte membrane fluidity: A novel biomarker of residual cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes.

Improving the composition of circulating fatty acids (FA) leads to a reduction in cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in high-risk individuals. The membrane fluidity of red blood cells (RBC), which reflects circulating FA status, may be a valid biomarker of cardiovascular (CV) risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Red blood cell membrane fluidity, quantified as general polarization (GP), was assessed in 234 subjects with T2D, 86 with prior major CVD. Based on GP distribution, a cut-off of .445 was used to divide the study cohort into two groups: the first with higher GP, called GEL, and the second, defined as lower GP (LGP). Lipidomic analysis was performed to evaluate FA composition of RBC membranes. Although with comparable CV risk factors, the LGP group had a greater percentage of patients with major CVD than the GEL group (40% vs 24%, respectively, p < .05). Moreover, in a logistic regression analysis, a lower GP value was independently associated with the presence of macrovascular complications. Lipidomic analysis showed a clear shift of LGP membranes towards a pro-inflammatory condition due to higher content of arachidonic acid and increased omega 6/omega 3 index. Increased membrane fluidity is associated with a higher CV risk in subjects with T2D. If confirmed in prospective studies, membrane fluidity could be a new biomarker for residual CV risk assessment in T2D.

Gallic Acid Treats Hypertrophic Scar in Rabbit Ears via the TGF-β/Smad and TRPC3 Signaling Pathways.

Hypertrophic scars (HSs) develop due to excessive collagen deposition and abnormal fibroblast proliferation during wound healing, significantly impacting patient quality of life. Three dosages of GA ointments were administered to rabbit ear HS models to investigate the potential efficacy and mechanism of gallic acid (GA) on HS. Daily application of ointment was performed on the matrix group, the GA ointment groups, and the silicone gel group for 28 days. (No drug treatment was performed on the skin and model groups as a blank group and vehicle group, and silicone gel ointment was topically administered to the silicone gel group as a positive control group.) Scar specimens were collected for histopathology analysis, RNA sequencing analysis, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analysis at the first, second, and fourth weeks after the treatment. Low-dose and medium-dose GA effectively suppressed HS formation and markedly decreased fibroblast infiltration levels and scar thickness. Moreover, decreased expression of TRPC3 mRNA and TGF-β1, p-Smad2/3, and Smad2/3 protein was observed in the low- and medium-dose GA groups and the silicone gel group. This study provides evidence for the efficacy of GA in treating HS and sheds light on its potential underlying pharmacological mechanisms.

Presurgical Oral Tamoxifen vs Transdermal 4-Hydroxytamoxifen in Women With Ductal Carcinoma In Situ

Oral tamoxifen citrate benefits women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), but concern about toxic effects has limited acceptance. Previous pilot studies have suggested transdermal 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel has equivalent antiproliferative efficacy to oral tamoxifen, with low systemic exposure. To demonstrate that 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel applied to the breast skin is noninferior to oral tamoxifen in its antiproliferative effect in DCIS lesions. This randomized, double-blind, phase 2 preoperative window trial was performed at multicenter breast surgery referral practices from May 31, 2017, to January 27, 2021. Among 408 women with estrogen receptor-positive DCIS who were approached, 120 consented and 100 initiated study treatment. The most common reasons for nonparticipation were surgical delay, disinterest in research, and concerns about toxic effects. Data were analyzed from January 26, 2021, to October 5, 2022. Random assignment to oral tamoxifen citrate, 20 mg/d, and gel placebo or 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel, 2 mg/d per breast, and oral placebo, for 4 to 10 weeks, followed by DCIS resection. The primary end point was absolute change in DCIS Ki-67 labeling index (Ki67-LI). Secondary end points included 12-gene DCIS Score, breast tissue tamoxifen metabolite concentrations, tamoxifen-responsive plasma protein levels, and patient-reported symptoms. Noninferiority of Ki67-LI reduction by 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel was tested using analysis of covariance; within- and between-arm comparisons were performed with paired t tests for mean values or the Wilcoxon rank sum test for medians. Of 90 participants completing treatment (mean [SD] age, 55 [11] years; 8 [8.9%] Asian, 16 [17.8%] Black, 8 [8.9%] Latina, and 53 [58.9%] White), 15 lacked residual DCIS in the surgical sample, leaving 75 evaluable for the primary end point analysis (40 in the oral tamoxifen group and 35 in the 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel group). Posttreatment Ki67-LI was 3.3% higher (80% CI, 2.1%-4.6%) in the 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel group compared with the oral tamoxifen group, exceeding the noninferiority margin (2.6%). The DCIS Score decreased more with oral tamoxifen treatment (-16 [95% CI, -22 to -9.4]) than with 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel (-1.8 [95% CI, -5.8 to 2.3]). The median 4-hydroxytamoxifen concentrations deep in the breast were nonsignificantly higher in the oral tamoxifen group (5.7 [IQR, 4.0-7.9] vs 3.8 [IQR, 1.3-7.9] ng/g), whereas endoxifen was abundant in the oral tamoxifen group and minimal in the 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel group (median, 13.0 [IQR, 8.9-20.6] vs 0.3 [IQR, 0-0.3] ng/g; P < .001). Oral tamoxifen caused expected adverse changes in plasma protein levels and vasomotor symptoms, with minimal changes in the transdermal group. In this randomized clinical trial, antiproliferative noninferiority of 4-hydroxytamoxifen gel to oral tamoxifen was not confirmed, potentially owing to endoxifen exposure differences. New transdermal approaches must deliver higher drug quantities and/or include the most potent metabolites. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02993159.

Evaluation of Myricetin loaded Nanoemulsion Formulation for the Management of Diabetic Wound Healing in Experimental Animals

Myricetin is considered a flavonols under the category of flavonoids. According to recent research, myricetin has different curative effects on diabetes, cancer, and the heart. It has been suggested that myricetin is a more potent antioxidant than quercetin. The present study aimed to investigate the wound healing effect of myricetin loaded nanoemulsion (MYCT-NE) gel formulation in diabetic animals. Myricetin-loaded nanoemulsion was converted in nanoemulsion gel using carbopol 934 and evaluated for diabetic wound healing effect against wound contraction measurement, hydroxyproline estimation, protein estimation, antioxidant assay and histopathological study. On day 18th of treatment, the wound contraction of Faster wound healing was observed in the MYCT-NE gel treated groups compared to the control group, as indicated by a shorter epithelialization duration. Increased collagen turnover was shown by increased hydroxyproline levels in MYCT-NE gel-treated tissue, which sped up the healing of treated wounds. MYCT-NE gel possesses effective antioxidant activity by restoration of the superoxide dismutase SOD, GSH and catalase level in the wound tissues after treatment and healing. The observations showed that the original tissue regeneration was found efficiently in the wound treated with MYCT-NE gel and reference group without edema and congestion. The results obtained in the present study were indicated that MYCT-NE gel accelerates cutaneous diabetic wound healing through reducing oxidative status in experimental animals.

Single Ultrasonic-Assisted Washing for Eco-Efficient Production of Mackerel (Auxis thazard) Surimi.

This study highlights a promising single washing method for producing dark-fleshed mackerel surimi aided by ultrasonication in conjunction with cold carbonated water containing 0.6% NaCl and mixed antioxidants (0.5% EDTA/0.2% sodium erythorbate/0.2% sodium tripolyphosphate) (CSA). Different washing periods (5, 10, and 15 min) with and without ultrasound were tested. Unwashed mince (A1) and conventional water-washed surimi (10 min/cycle, 3 cycles) (A2) were used as controls. A3, A4, and A5 were subjected to ultrasound-assisted washing for 5, 10, and 15 min, respectively, whereas A6, A7, and A8 had non-ultrasound-assisted washing for 5, 10, and 15 min. Results showed that the surimi yield decreased as the ultrasonic treatment time increased from 5 to 15 min (p < 0.05). Increased ultrasonic time resulted in greater protein denaturation, protein oxidation, myoglobin removal, and lipid oxidation in surimi (p < 0.05). Surimi produced by CSA ultrasonication for 5 min (A3), on the other hand, had a comparable overall quality to A2 surimi (p > 0.05). The correspondence gel (A3) outperformed the control gel (A2) in terms of gel strength, whiteness, and water-holding capacity (p < 0.05). The formation of regularly continuous, more organized, and smooth network structures in surimi gel was observed in A2 and A3 gels, whereas sparse and larger pore sizes were noticed in surimi gels produced by longer ultrasonic treatment. All of the surimi gels had identical FTIR spectra, indicating that the functional groups of the protein gel were consistent throughout. As a result, a single 5 min CSA-ultrasonic washing could potentially yield surimi of comparable quality to conventional washing. This could pave the way for the development of dark-fleshed fish surimi, which would require less washing time and produce less waste water.

Effect of Chlorhexidine and Ozone Gel on Microleakage and Shear Bond Strength of Dentin Bonding Agents in Composite Resin Restorations of Primary Teeth

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of two antimicrobial agents on shear bond strength and microleakage of composite resin restorations in primary teeth. Methods: Sixty extracted primary molars and canines were assigned to three different groups according to the dentin surface pretreatment (2% chlorhexidine gluconate gel, ozone gel, and control group) and two subgroups (sound and caries-affected dentin) for shear bond strength tests. For the microleakage test process, a class V cavity was prepared on the buccal surface of the teeth and restored with composite resin. Then, all the teeth were cut buccolingually. The depth of stain penetration in each specimen was measured separately according to the scale. The data have been analyzed using SPSS 24 software. Results: In both sound and caries-affected dentin, ozone gel exhibited higher shear bond strength than chlorhexidine gel and the control group (P&lt;0.001). Chlorhexidine gel had no significant effect on the shear bond strength of sound dentin (P=0.561), but it reduced it in the caries-affected dentin (P&lt;0.001). With both disinfectants, the shear bond strength of the caries-affected dentin was significantly lower than that of the sound dentin. The application of chlorhexidine gel to caries-affected dentin resulted in more microleakage than sound dentin. In addition, the amount of microleakage in the ozone gel group was similar in both types of dentin. Conclusion: In both sound and caries-affected dentin, ozone gel was associated with higher shear bond strength than chlorhexidine gel; furthermore, chlorhexidine increased microleakage and ozone gel decreased it.

Comparing the effects of vitamin A ointment and liposic gel on corneal abrasion prevention during general anesthesia in nonocular surgeries: a double-blind randomized clinical trial

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the effects of vitamin A ointment and Liposic gel on perioperative corneal abrasion (CA) prevention during nonocular surgeries. Design A double-blind randomized clinical trial. Methods In this double-blind randomized clinical trial 50 eligible candidates for nonocular surgeries were purposively selected from XXX teaching hospital, XXX. One patient eye was randomly allocated to the vitamin A group and the other eye to the Liposic gel group. Immediately after anesthesia induction and blinking reflex suppression, eye care was provided using vitamin A ointment in the vitamin A group and Liposic gel in the Liposic gel group. CA was assessed using the fluorescein eye stain test at the end of general anesthesia, at the end of postoperative recovery, and 24 h after surgery. Eye problems were also assessed 24 h after surgery using an eye problems questionnaire. The SPSS software (v. 23.0) was employed for data analysis through the Wilcoxon’s, paired-sample t, and Friedman’s tests as well as the repeated measures analysis of variance. Findings The prevalence of CA in the vitamin A and the Liposic gel groups was 32 and 50% at the end of general anesthesia (P=0.039), 32 and 52% at the end of postoperative recovery (P = 0.018), and 0 and 0% 24 h after surgery (P = 1.00), respectively. There were no significant between-group differences respecting postoperative eye problems (P &gt; 0.05). Conclusion Vitamin A ointment is more effective than Liposic gel in significantly preventing CA among patients undergoing non-ocular surgeries under general anesthesia.

EFFECT OF ROBUSTA COFFEE BEANS AND ARABICA EXTRACT GEL AS INFLAMATION PULP MATERIAL

Background: Reversible pulpitis is a mild to moderate inflammatory pulp condition often treated with pulp capping treatments. Current study states that calcium hydroxide (CaOH2) has drawbacks for a long-time use. One of the alternative pulp capping materials is Robusta and Arabica coffee bean extract gel which contains flavonoid compounds and chlorogenic acid which have immunomodulatory properties that play role in the pulp inflammatory process by increasing the count of lymphocyte. Objective: The goal of this study is to determine and analyse the effect of Robusta coffee bean and Arabica coffee bean extract gel 95% to the of lymphocyte cells count on the 3rd and 5th day of pulp inflammation compared to placebo gel. Materials and Methods: This research is a true experimental with a post-test only control group design. This study used three treatment groups; Robusta coffee bean extract gel 95%, Arabica coffee bean extract gel 95%, and control group placebo gel. Results: Two Way Anova test results obtained p&lt;0.05, showed significant difference. Data analysis was continued with the Post Hoc Bonferroni test which showed that there was a significant difference between the 95% Robusta coffee bean extract gel group and the 95% Arabica coffee bean extract gel group with p&lt;0.05. Conclusion: The administration of Robusta coffee bean extract gel with a concentration of 95% can increase the of lymphocyte cells count in pulp inflammation on the 3rd and 5th days more effectively than the 95% Arabica coffee bean extract gel. Keywords: Arabica Coffee, Direct Pulp Capping, Inflammation, Lymphocytes, Pulpitis, Robusta Coffee

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of BlueM active oxygen gel and Coe-pak dressing on post-operative healing of gingival depigmentation: a study protocol

Introduction Dark colored gingiva is an esthetic concern that cannot be ignored, especially when accompanied by a high lip line or gummy smile. Gingival depigmentation is a periodontal plastic surgical procedure wherein the hyperpigmentation is removed or reduced by various techniques. Protecting the wound from mechanical trauma and stability of the surgical site during the healing process are among the most important advantages of periodontal dressing application after surgery. Aim This study is aimed to comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of reactive oxygen gel species (BlueM gel) and the traditional Coe-Pack dressing on gingival healing and pain after surgical depigmentation. Protocol This split-mouth randomized clinical trial will be conducted on 20 patients aged 18–45 years with maxillary physiologic gingival pigmentation classes (II) (III) and (IV) according to the Dummett–Gupta Oral Pigmentation Index (40 treated sites). The maxilla will be randomly divided into two symmetrical parts—from the right second premolar to the midline and from the midline to the left second premolar—to receive either BlueM gel or Coe- Pack as a dressing after surgical depigmentation with a scalpel. Various indices will be assessed, such as plaque index, papillary bleeding index, pain index, healing index and reepithelization index with toluidine blue, and the follow-up period will be one month. Expected results- A total of 20 patients will be included in this study. Statistically significant differences are expected to show in the pain index and healing index after one, two, three, four, and five days. The BlueM gel group is expected to show a higher significant difference after one, two, three and four weeks in the reepithelization index.

New Functional Alkoxysilanes and Silatranes: Synthesis, Structure, Properties, and Possible Applications.

The aza-Michael reaction of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (1) and -silatrane (2) with acrylates affords functionalized silyl-(3-8) and silatranyl-(9-14) mono- and diadducts with up to a 99% yield. Their structure has been proved with IR and NMR spectroscopies, mass spectrometry and XRD analysis. The hydrolytic homo-condensation of triethoxysilanes 3-5 gives siloxanes 3a-5a, which form complexes with Ag, Cu, and Ni salts. They are also able to adsorb these metals from solutions. The hetero-condensation reaction of silanes 4-8 with OH groups of zeolite (Z), silica gel (S) and glass (G) delivers the modified materials (Z4, S7, G4, G5, G7, G8, etc.), which can adsorb ions of noble metal (Au, Rh, Pd: G4 + Au, G5 + Pd, G7 + Rh). Thus, the synthesized Si-organic polymers and materials turned out to be promising sorbents (enterosorbents) of noble, heavy, toxic metal ions and can be applied in industry, environment, and medicine.

Lightning Evolution in Hailstorms From the Geostationary Lightning Mapper Over the Contiguous United States

AbstractAs two metrics that depict convection features, lightning and hail are generated through different physical mechanisms but are related. The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) provides a unique approach to monitoring and studying the continual evolution of lightning in hailstorms. In this study, 3 years of GLM observations were used to analyze the lightning evolution in hailstorms over the contiguous United States. The lightning rate had two peaks at −2 min (t1) (relative to the hail occurrence time) and 59 min (t3), with a valley at 23 min (t2). The lightning rates of large hail were lower at t1 and higher at t2 than those of small hail. The maximum lightning rate grid generally moved from northwest to southeast but suddenly moved westward around 23 min. Observations of WWLLN confirmed these results but also highlighted differences, such as the high ratio between the WWLLN and GLM lightning rates around t1 and t3. The events per flash and flash duration/area/energy showed opposite variations with lightning rate, and their low values were accompanied by high lightning rate and low detection efficiency of GLM relative to WWLLN. However, the event energy continued to decrease with two local maxima at approximately t1 and t3. Furthermore, if the regional event rate was used in the lightning jump (LJ) algorithm, LJs preceded 71% of the hail reports, and the mean lead time reached 29 min. These results provide new insights into lightning features in hailstorms and verify the performance of the GLM in studying and monitoring hailstorms.

Post-Hoc Exploratory Pooled Analysis of the Impact of IDP-126 Gel on QoL in Moderate-to-Severe Acne.

Acne has psychosocial effects on patient's quality of life (QoL). This post hoc exploratory analysis of pooled phase 3 data assessed the impact of investigational IDP-126 gel (for moderate to severe acne) on the Acne-Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire (Acne-QoL; exploratory endpoint in the trials).&nbsp; Methods: A post hoc exploratory analysis using pooled data (N=309; age &ge;13 years) was conducted to assess if 1) changes from baseline to week 12 in Acne-QoL domain scores significantly differ by treatment; 2) differences were clinically meaningful, and 3) relative importance of acne severity as measured by the Evaluator's Global Severity Score (EGSS) or lesion counts explains the changes in QoL (Acne-QoL).&nbsp; Results: Acne-QoL domain scores significantly (P&lt;0.001, each) improved for patients treated with IDP-126 Gel vs vehicle in all four domains (role-emotional [least squares mean difference {LSMean} 4.1], self-perception [LSMean 3.8], acne symptoms [LSMean 2.6], and role-social [LSMean 2.0]). The proportion of responders was significantly higher (P&lt;0.05, each) in the IDP-126 Gel group vs vehicle across Acne-QoL domains, self-perception (odds ratio [OR]: 4.32), acne symptoms (OR: 3.90), role-social (OR: 3.59), and role-emotional (OR: 2.50). Across all Acne QoL domains, the improvement on the EGSS endpoint (53.8-63.3%) was more likely to influence QoL improvements than the inflammatory (20.1-33.4%) and non-inflammatory lesion (9.5-18.7%) counts.&nbsp; Conclusions:&nbsp;This post hoc exploratory analysis of pooled phase 3 data (moderate to severe acne) suggests that treatment with IDP 126 Gel led to statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements in QoL and improvement in QoL was primarily influenced by EGSS.J Drugs Dermatol. 2023;22(10):1033-1039&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; doi:10.36849/JDD.7812.

Effect of compound chamomile and lidocaine hydrochloride gel on oropharyngeal complications after the use of laryngeal mask airway with positive pressure ventilation

Objective: To evaluate the effect of compound chamomile and lidocaine hydrochloride gel on oropharyngeal complications after the use of laryngeal mask airway with positive pressure ventilation. Methods: A total of 64 patients undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia using laryngeal mask airway (LMA) with positive pressure ventilation in Beijing Tongren Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University From January to March 2023 were prospectively selected and divided into two groups by the random number table method: normal saline group (n=32), with 18 males and 14 females, aged 28-64 (48.4±10.6) years, and the compound chamomile and lidocaine hydrochloride gel group (chamomile gel group, n=32), with 18 males and 14 females, aged 24-64 (46.3±10.8) years. Patients in both groups received total intravenous anesthesia. Before LMA placement, the front, shoulder and back of LMA were lubricated with normal saline and compound chamomile and lidocaine hydrochloride gel in the normal saline group and the chamomile gel group, respectively. The main outcome measure was the incidence of postoperative oropharyngeal mucosal inflammation at different time points after the removal of the laryngeal mask. Secondary outcome measures included oropharyngeal mucositis score, sore throat score, hoarse voice score, cough score and throat dryness score at different time points after LMA removal, the number of LMA insertion times, time of successful insertion and leakage pressure, as well as stress reactions such as cough and agitation before and after LMA removal, and adverse reactions such as tongue numbness and protective pharyngeal reflex limitation during recovery. Results: The incidence of oropharyngeal mucositis in the chamomile gel group was 25.0% (8/32), 31.3% (10/32), 28.1% (9/32) and 3.1% (1/32) at 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h after LMA removal, respectively, which were lower than those of normal saline group [53.1% (17/32), 59.4% (19/32), 59.4% (19/32) and 21.9% (7/32)] (all P<0.05). The oropharyngeal mucositis scores of patients in the chamomile gel group were 0 (0, 0.8), 0 (0, 1.0), 0 (0, 1.0) and 0 (0, 0) respectively at 0.5, 3, 6 and 24 h after LMA removal, which were lower than those in the saline group [1.0 (1.0, 1.8), 1.0 (0, 2.0), 1.0 (0, 2.0) and 0 (0, 0)] (all P<0.05). The cough score of the patients in the chamomile gel group was 0 (0, 0) and 0 (0, 0) at 3, 6 h after LMA removal, which were lower than those of the normal saline group [(0, 0) and 0 (0, 0)] (both P<0.05). The throat dryness score of the patients in the chamomile gel group was 0 (0, 1.0) at 3 h after LMA removal, which was lower than that of the normal saline group [1.0 (0.3, 1.0)] (P=0.019). The time of successful LMA insertion in the chamomile gel group was 25.0 (20.3, 29.8) s, which was shorter than that in the saline group [29.0 (25.0, 32.0) s] (P=0.016). There were no significant differences in the number of LMA insertion, leakage pressure, postoperative sore throat and hoarse voice scores between the two groups (all P>0.05). Likewise, there were no stress reactions such as cough and agitation before and after LMA removal, and no adverse reactions such as tongue numbness and limited protective pharyngeal reflex during recovery. Conclusion: Compound chamomile and hydrochloride lidocaine gel can reduce the incidence of postoperative oropharyngeal mucositis, relieve the symptoms of postoperative oropharyngeal mucositis, pharyngeal dryness and cough, and improve the postoperative comfort of patients using the laryngeal mask airway with positive pressure ventilation.

P-Type Processes and Predictability: The Winter Precipitation Type Research Multiscale Experiment (WINTRE-MIX)

Abstract During near-0°C surface conditions, diverse precipitation types (p-types) are possible, including rain, drizzle, freezing rain, freezing drizzle, ice pellets, wet snow, snow, and snow pellets. Near-0°C precipitation affects wide swaths of the United States and Canada, impacting aviation, road transportation, power generation and distribution, winter recreation, ecology, and hydrology. Fundamental challenges remain in observing, diagnosing, simulating, and forecasting near-0°C p-types, particularly during transitions and within complex terrain. Motivated by these challenges, the field phase of the Winter Precipitation Type Research Multiscale Experiment (WINTRE-MIX) was conducted from 1 February to 15 March 2022 to better understand how multiscale processes influence the variability and predictability of p-type and amount under near-0°C surface conditions. WINTRE-MIX took place near the U.S.–Canadian border, in northern New York and southern Quebec, a region with plentiful near-0°C precipitation influenced by terrain. During WINTRE-MIX, existing advanced mesonets in New York and Quebec were complemented by deployment of 1) surface instruments, 2) the National Research Council Convair-580 research aircraft with W- and X-band Doppler radars and in situ cloud and aerosol instrumentation, 3) two X-band dual-polarization Doppler radars and a C-band dual-polarization Doppler radar from the University of Illinois, and 4) teams collecting manual hydrometeor observations and radiosonde measurements. Eleven intensive observing periods (IOPs) were coordinated. Analysis of these WINTRE-MIX IOPs is illuminating how synoptic dynamics, mesoscale dynamics, and microscale processes combine to determine p-type and its predictability under near-0°C conditions. WINTRE-MIX research will contribute to improving nowcasts and forecasts of near-0°C precipitation through evaluation and refinement of observational diagnostics and numerical forecast models.

Chitosan based macromolecular hydrogel loaded total glycosides of paeony enhances diabetic wound healing by regulating oxidative stress microenvironment

Oxidative stress microenvironment caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation seriously hinders wound healing in diabetes, which brings great burden to global health. Various wound dressings on the market focus on delivering active substances to promote wound healing in diabetes. However, the complex pathological microenvironment of diabetic wounds often leads to the inactivation of delivery factors, which often leads to treatment failure, and thus, emerging therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. In this study, a macromolecular hydrogel synthesized by crosslinking N-carboxyethyl chitosan, hyaluronic acid-aldehyde, and adipic acid dihydrazide, with self-healing and injectable abilities was used to deliver total glycosides of paeony (TGP). The TGP incorporated hydrogel could obviously induce fibroblasts proliferation and secretion of various extracellular matrix proteins and growth factors, induce migration and angiogenesis of vein endothelial cells, and enhance macrophages polarization to M2 phenotype by eliminating accumulated ROS. In diabetic wound models, the ROS-scavenging hydrogel efficiently enhanced proliferation, re-epithelialization, collagen deposition, as well as angiogenesis in the wound area. Besides, the dressing induced the macrophages polarization from M1 phenotype (pro-inflammatory) to M2 phenotype (anti-inflammatory) and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines, thereby enhancing the diabetic wound healing. The wounds treated with TGP incorporated hydrogel almost completely healed 16 days after treatment. However, the residual wound areas in the groups of Con, INTRA, and Gel are 55.2 ± 4.6 %, 33.7 ± 6.5 %, and 34.9 ± 6.1 % on the 16th day, respectively. This hydrogel with pathological microenvironment improvement ability affords a novel therapeutic strategy for enhancing healing of chronic diabetic wound.

Injection of a PMMA-doped MSC spheroid gel for the treatment of painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.

We aimed to develop a biocompatible treatment to overcome the limitations of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) vertebroplasty for osteoporotic compression fracture patients. We synthesized an injectable hydrogel containing PMMA. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) spheroids were included in the injectable PMMA-doped gel (= PMMA-doped spheroid gel). In vitro, the osteogenic/anti-inflammatory effects of the embedded spheroids were investigated by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method. In vivo, we used ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporotic rats with injured femurs to investigate the pain-relief effects. The OVX rats were divided into four groups according to the materials injected (non, PMMA, PMMA gel, and PMMA-spheroid gel) into the lesion. The immunofluorescence (IF) intensity levels of painful markers in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were measured. In vitro, a volumetric ratio of the gel of 8 (gel):2 (PMMA) was non-cytotoxic for MSCs and promoted the expression of osteogenic/anti-inflammatory markers. In vivo, the values of several bone parameters in the PMMA-doped spheroid gel group showed remarkable increases compared to those in the PMMA group. In addition, the IF intensity levels of the painful markers were noticeably decreased in the PMMA-spheroid gel group. We, therefore, suggest that this treatment can be useful for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture patients.

A therapeutic evaluation of various modalities of treatment of keloid-A randomized open label study

Keloid and hypertrophic scar are the result of abnormal growth of fibrous tissue following healing of a cutaneous injury in predisposed individuals. Some treatment options are pressure garments, radiation therapy, excision, intralesional injections, cryotherapy, silicone gel dressing and lasers though no single modality is completely effective.To study the efficacy, to compare and to study the adverse effects of 4 different modalities of treatment of keloid namely, Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and 5-fluoro uracil (5-FU), Intralesional triamcinolone acetonide and silicone gel sheet (SGS) and Intralesional Radiofrequency (RF). Arandomized open label study was conducted in the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat from Nov 2020 to December 2022. 108 patients were allocated to 4 groups, Group 1(TAC), Group 2( + 5FU), Group 3( + SGS) and Group 4(RF). Group 1 received Intralesional injections of Triamcinolone acetonide (alone), Group 2 received Intralesional injections of Triamcinolone acetonide and 5- fluorouracil, Group 3 was given Intralesional injections of Triamcinolone acetonide and topical silicone gel sheet and Group 4 was treated with intralesional radiofrequency.A total of 108 patients of age group 18-52 years were enrolled and was divided into 4 groups consisting of 27 patients each Improvement of pliability, vascularity, pigmentation and height of keloid was maximum in TAC + 5FU group and least was in TAC + SGS group. At the end of 4 weeks, excellent improvement was found highest in 29.6% of TAC+5FU group, 22.2% in TAC alone, 18.5% in RF group and 11.1% in TAC+SGS group. At the end of 8 weeks, excellent improvement was found highest in 51.8% of TAC+5FU group, 44.4% in TAC alone, 40.7% RF group and 25.9% in TAC+SGS group. The difference was statistically significant.Skin atrophy, telangiectasia, hypopigmentation and recurrence were observed more TAC group therapies whereas, ulceration and infection were more frequent with RF treatment, however few cases were also seen TAC+5FU group.In this study in terms of pliability and overall improvement maximum response was seen in group TAC + 5 FU and TAC + SGS was least effective.

Study of Salidroside and Its Inflammation Targeting Emulsion Gel for Wound Repair.

Salidroside has been widely used in anti-tumor, cardiovascular, and cerebrovascular protection. However, there are few reports of its use for wound repair. Herein, salidroside inflammation-targeted emulsion gel and non-targeted emulsion gel were developed for wound repair. The inflammation-targeted emulsion gels showed an overall trend of better transdermal penetration and lower potential than non-targeted emulsion gels (-58.7 mV and -1.6 mV, respectively). The apparent improvement of the trauma surface was significant in each administration group. There was a significant difference in the rate of wound healing of the rats between each administration group and the model group at days 7 and 14. Pathological tissue sections showed that inflammatory cells in the epidermis, dermis, and basal layer were significantly reduced, and the granulation tissue was proliferated in the inflammation-targeted emulsion gel group and the non-targeted emulsion gel group. Regarding the expressions of EGF and bFGF, the expressions of bFGF and EGF in the tissues of the inflammation-targeted group at days 7, 14, or 21 were significantly higher than that of the non-targeted emulsion gel group and the model group, both of which were statistically significant compared with the model group (p < 0.05). These results demonstrated that salidroside has the potential as an alternative drug for wound repair.