Groups Of Different Levels Research Articles

Phân tích đề thi trắc nghiệm khách quan học phần/Module của sinh viên ngành Ykhoa năm thứ 3 tại Trường Đại học Y Dược Thái Bình

Objective: To evaluate the score spectrum of the test, difficulty, and discriminability of questions in the objective multiple-choice tests. Method: Use spectrum analysis for each module. Determining the difficulty of a multiple-choice question is the percentage of students who answered correctly compared to the total number of students participating in answering that question; Discriminability of test questions is the ability of multiple-choice questions to classify students into groups of different levels (good, very good groups and average-weak- poor group). Results: Spectrum of test scores: the average score or higher accounted for 66,93%, of which, good and excellent scores accounted for 30.47%. The score spectrum is also relatively even between classes. There are 35.03% of exam questions with medium difficulty, 41.66% of the exam questions are at the easy level, the questions at the difficult level and the relatively difficult level account for 15.18 and 8.11%, respectively. There are 25.24% of exam questions with low discriminatory level; The levels of good, and average are equivalent with the rate of 15.47% and 15.13% respectively; Questions with a very good level of discrimination account for an overall rate of 43.16%. Conclusion: Determining the score spectrum of the test and assessing the difficulty and discriminability of the questions for the objective multiple-choice test is essential to build a good-quality test, and at the same time help to improve the question bank and eliminate inappropriate multiple-choice questions.

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОРГАНІЗАЦІІ НАВЧАННЯ ІНОЗЕМНОІ МОВИ У РІЗНОРІВНЕВИХ ГРУПАХ СТУДЕНТІВ НЕМОВНИХ СПЕЦІАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

There are many strategies that can be put into practice to meet the needs of all students, but unfortunately, no "magic method" will guarantee every student's academic success. Today, most schools have students of different levels and abilities, which is a challenge for teachers. The teacher's goal is to reach all students by observing them in a variety of ways to achieve effective learning. Almost most students think of English as a subject they have to learn in school and do not realize that English is a language of communication that is used all over the world. A systematic approach is needed to solve these problems. Education should be aimed not at knowledge, but at skills. The article is devoted to the organization of the foreign language learning process in groups of students with different levels of foreign language proficiency. The reasons for the appearance of such groups, as well as the problems that may arise when studying in such an educational environment, are considered. The problem of heterogeneity of groups is successfully solved by using a special technology of multi- level training. In this study, it is noted that in the conditions of teaching foreign language communication of students of higher educational institutions, this technology involves diagnosing the initial level of each student and building individual learning trajectories of students in the zone of their immediate development. Methodical strategies for the implementation of multi-level differentiation are proposed, which will contribute to the effective learning of a foreign language by students of non-linguistic majors. The form of group interaction of students, which will be effective in the learning process in this format, has been determined. The expediency of using educational materials of different levels of complexity during teaching foreign language students in groups of different levels has been confirmed. The article also states that this format of work aroused interest among students, most students began to respond more actively in class. As a result, their foreign language skills improved.

Study on the eye movement characteristics of the badminton practitioners of different levels regarding visual attention.

Badminton is a highly sophisticated, fierce, and competitive tactical game. It requires the same action of hitting a ball with different landing points. Therefore, the complexity of badminton practitioner's sports decision-making is relatively high. Accordingly, it is extremely important to study the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different levels of badminton athletes and the difference between the eye movement characteristics of different sports levels of amateur athletes. Overall, 15 students from the badminton professional training team of the Physical Education College of the Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University and 15 students from the common public sports and badminton course were included as experimental participants in the present study. The laboratory experimental test on the virtual sports situation in badminton was conducted using an eye tracker. The eye movement index of both the badminton professionals and the experimental participants was recorded for statistical analysis, and the following results were obtained: (1) In the cognitive decision-masking task, the reaction time of the professional badminton practitioners was faster than that of the amateur practitioners. Similarly, in the intuitive decision-masking task, the reaction time and accuracy of the former were better than those of the latter. (2) The professional badminton practitioners' group was able to process and integrate the searched information in the process of sports attention selection information; although the amateur group was able to search and filter information, they were passive and could not actively process and assimilate the searched information. (3) The professional badminton practitioners could allocate their attention reasonably and process information in the process of attention transfer, while their amateur counterparts were affected easily by external interference factors. The level of motor intelligence of badminton practitioners in the professional group was higher than that of the amateur practitioners. Thus, these two groups of different levels showed attention transfer. (4) The mental skills of the professional group were higher than those of the amateur group.

THE FULFILMENT OF MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS ON MAIN CHARACTERS IN “ENCANTO” MOVIE: A HUMANISTIC STUDY

The purpose of this study is to find out how the efforts made by the main characters in Encanto Movie (2021) meet their needs and analyse it according to Maslow's theory. This research method is defined as a qualitative method. The author limits the data by classifying into five groups of different levels of needs based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. In this study, it can be concluded that the main character has levels of needs ranging from the most basic to the most important needs. For example, on Maribel, the author found that of Maslow's 5 levels of needs, there are 5 needs so that it can be said that all of her needs have been met and the most important are the needs for love and belonging, and self-actualization. As for Abuela, the author finds that out of these 5 levels of needs, there is only 1 level of need that must be met by her, namely the needs for self-actualization.Keyword: Hierarchy of needs, Family Relation, Humanistic psychology

Youth communication: sociocultural features expectations

The social expectations of young people are presented in correlation with the meanings of communication and socio-cultural characteristics that have age, gender and educational characteristics. The conducted three-dimensional analysis allows us to analyze changes in the communicative expectations of young people. The dominance of the terminal meanings of communication over the instrumental ones, which are based on basic life socio-cultural values, formed by the historically traditional way of common collective life, is revealed. A stable group of expectations is singled out, formed by the background semantic contexts of traditional culture. Differences of a situational nature are expressed in group expectations. In age groups, expectations of attention and understanding are highly significant and the level of expectations decreases with age. Expectations for like-mindedness and relationship retention increase with age. In gender groups, there are both expectations that coincide in men and women, and partially overlapping: the need for attention and understanding, trust is typical for men who share the terminal meanings of communication, in such a group of women, expectations of attention and understanding, like-mindedness and maintaining relationships are important. Contradictory trends in expectations are observed in groups of different levels of education: the expectation of unanimity increases with an increase in the level of education, the expectation of trust decreases with an increase in the level of education for all meanings. It is concluded that there are differences in the structure of expectations in different socio-demographic youth groups, which is due to changes in the socio-cultural parameters of communication. These are growing up, an increase in the level of education, gender traditions against a common semantic socio-cultural rather traditional background.

Urinary Malondialdehyde (MDA) and N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (NAG) Associated with Exposure to Trichloroethylene (TCE) in Underground Water.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is commonly used in various industries. If wastewater in factories is not effectively treated, the inflow into and subsequent contamination of underground water is likely. Our study assessed the association of exposure to TCE in underground water with oxidative stress and renal tubule damage. We selected 579 residents from areas with underground water contaminated with TCE. Each participant was interviewed via a questionnaire. We also assessed their urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCA) levels by gas chromatography (GC)-FID. Urinary malondialdehyde (MDA) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) were taken as indicators of oxidative stress and renal tubule damage. We found about 73% of the residents to have consumed underground water. The average duration of consumption was 26 years, with an average of 1.6 L per day. Currently, only 1.5% of the residents still continuously consume underground water. The consumption of underground water positively correlated with heightened urinary TCA levels (r = 0.554). Heightened urinary TCA levels, in turn, were positively associated with NAG levels (r = 0.180) but negatively associated with MDA levels (r = −0.193). The results held even after we had segmented urinary TCA levels into three groups of different levels. The elimination of the source of heightened TCE levels from various industrial effluents is essential. Residents exposed to TCE-laden underground water should periodically undergo health inspections.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ КОММУНИКАТИВНОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ НА ЗАНЯТИЯХ ПО ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ В АУДИТОРИИ ИНОСТРАННЫХ СТУДЕНТОВ

Modern education is inextricably linked with the intensification of the educational process; classical methods are actively complemented by innovative methods of working with students. Partnerships between Russian and foreign universities are rapidly developing, and the number of foreign students is increasing. The organization of the productive structure of the educational process and the creation of a favorable psychological climate for students coming to Russia, as well as the formation of communicative competence, become the priority tasks of training. This article presents the experience of teaching Russian literature to foreign students under bachelor’s and preparatory faculty programs, with special attention paid to the formation of linguistic, sociolinguistic, socio-cultural, pragmatic and other competencies. The authors had a aims not only to show the specifics of conducting literature classes in a foreign language audience, but also to systematize and describe different types of game tasks that can be used in groups of different levels of Russian language proficiency. The work presents three blocks of game tasks: language, speech and role-playing games, many of them are so organic to the educational process and correspond to the curriculum that they can be used immediately in the classroom without additional training for both the teacher and the student. These games have been tested for five years and have established themselves as an effective tool for updating and consolidating information, developing attention, building logical connections, improving the skill of working in groups and improving the general atmosphere in the lesson. In conclusion, it is emphasized that the use of gaming technologies in teaching contributes to motivating students to acquire knowledge, successfully master the basic material on literature, develop creative abilities and professional skills.

Multi-label correlation guided feature fusion network for abnormal ECG diagnosis

Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities are the most intuitive manifestation in the clinical diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Although significant progress has been achieved in diagnosing ECG abnormalities, current convolutional neural network (CNN) based methods still show a relatively high rate of misdiagnosis. On the one hand, the ECG data an abnormality imbalance problem. On the other hand, the previous work did not consider the multi-label correlations of the ECG abnormalities. The main objective of this paper is to design an ECG abnormal event detection model based on multi-label correlation guided feature fusion. First, the proposed method calculates the correlation of different ECG abnormality labels on the basis of their frequency and Bayesian conditional probability and divides the ECG abnormalities into groups of different levels. The first-level ECG abnormalities are those that have the highest frequency and the second-level abnormalities are those that have a higher probability of other ECG abnormalities given the first-level ECG abnormalities, and so on. Then, the feature fusion strategy uses the multi-label correlation to guide the fusion of features of different levels. Specifically, the features of the first-level ECG signals are integrated into the features of the second-level ECG signals and the features of the former two-level ECG signals are integrated into the features of the third-level ECG signals. Furthermore, a multi-scale receptive field fusion module is proposed to enhance the multi-scale representation ability of the features. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, it is validated against the 1st China physiological signal challenge dataset, and it achieved better results compared with other state-of-the-art methods. This proposed method achieves a precision score of 0.816, a sensitivity score of 0.845 and an F1-score of 0.827, which are better than other methods. The comparative analysis shows that the proposed method demonstrates the effectiveness in abnormal ECG diagnosis.

Natural intoxication caused by protodioscin in lambs kept in Brachiaria pastures.

Protodioscin poisoning of Brachiaria spp. has been a serious problem for lambs in grazing systems. The defoliation process can stimulate the appearance of new leaves and, the younger leaves have a lower concentration of protodioscin. Thus, it was aimed to assess the effect of different leaf offerings on the protodioscin content in forage and if protodioscin can interfere with the dry matter intake (DMI) and on metabolic and productive parameters of lambs. Twelve tester lambs (average weight 17.5 ± 3.48 kg) were divided into four groups of different levels of dry leafy matter (60, 75, 90, or 105 g/kg body weight). In addition to these, 33 regulator lambs were used as needed to adjust the leaf offerings of pasture. The animals were divided and kept in 12 paddocks, each with a tester lamb. The DMI was estimated using chromic oxide as an external marker. In vitro digestibility and degradation kinetics and ruminal, blood, and urinary parameters were measured in the forage sampled by the hand plucking method. The protodioscin concentration in forage was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The DMI increased linearly as a result of the supply of leaves. However, the protodioscin content and its consumption showed a quadratic behavior. There was no effect of leaf supply on in vitro digestibility, in vitro degradation kinetics of forage, and on ruminal, blood, and urinary parameters of lambs. However, a negative correlation was observed between the DMI and the concentration of protodioscin at the highest level of leaf supply. This is due to the fact that in the most intense grazing, there is a stimulus for greater regrowth; therefore, there was an increase in the concentration of protodioscin in forages in older forages. Protodioscin poisoning was confirmed by urinary and blood parameters.

Novel methodology for developing a safety standard based on clustering of experts’ assessments of safety requirements

The practice of developing product or system safety standards is currently conducted with high level of subjectivity, which affects the reliability of development outcomes. The decision to adopt specific safety requirements into the standard is usually based on the knowledge, intuition and experience of the technical expert involved in developing the body of the safety standard made up of those requirements or specifications. This is usually carried out without analyzing risk attributes or factors addressed by each safety requirement constituting a safety standard. This can lead to inaccuracy and lack of reliability due to either under-estimation or over-estimation of risks involved. This research presents unprecedented, novel, structured and objective methodology, that aims to improve the practice of developing safety standards. In order to accomplish the above end, the proposed methodology acts to prioritize the system’ safety requirements of each system’s design elements based on a set of commonly identified risk factors they address. We have investigated the currently existing risk prioritization and multi-criterion decision making techniques, and found that machine learning data clustering approaches can be adequate especially in case of relatively large number of assessed decision alternatives (i.e., the assessed safety requirements). We have elaborated the merits of the proposed clustering-based methodology over existing prominent ones. The proposed methodology starts with analyzing product or system safety to identify common risk factors. A numerical scale is used to enable objective quantification of risk factors’ values for each safety requirement by multiple experts. The obtained experts’ numerical assessments of each safety requirement are then averaged to represent the raw data set containing risk profiles of each safety requirement assessed. This risk factors data set is then used by fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm, to organize them into groups of different level of priorities, so as to prioritize their corresponding safety requirements. We have applied the proposed methodology on a real case study of developing school bus safety standard. The main benefit of the proposed methodology includes its capability to support the safety standards development practitioners and policy makers, as well as technical experts in objectively and systematically carry out the critical decision of adoption, exclusion and update of the safety requirements into the developed safety standard. Additionally, it can efficiently guide safety engineers and inspectors to undertake more reliable and structured risk assessment process. Over and above, the implementation of the proposed methodology is guaranteed to result in more reliable, accurate and risk-informed safety standard.

Exploring the use of grammatical metaphor in Indonesian EFL learners’ academic writing

Grammatical metaphor is considered to be the key linguistic resource in the creation of academic discourse. In a pedagogical context, identification of grammatical metaphor in students’ writing can be used as a measurement of students’ academic literacy level to determine actions to improve the existing situation. In Indonesian EFL context, students’ grammatical metaphor deployment and development has not been much studied, despite its strategic role in improving students’ academic literacy. This paper presents a first step towards understanding Indonesian tertiary students’ linguistic strengths and weaknesses in academic literacy through the identification of ideational grammatical metaphor deployment and development. Using cross-sectional data from first year and third year students in a State Islamic College in a rural area of Indonesia, the students’ academic writing were analyzed for the deployment of experiential grammatical metaphor. The findings show that the two groups of different levels of participants deployed similar types of reconstrual of experiential grammatical metaphor. Process to Thing transcategorisation was the most frequent type of experiential grammatical metaphor reconstrual across the two groups, while Relator to Process was the most frequent logical grammatical metaphor reconstrual in both groups. Third-year students surpassed the first-year group in the frequency and proportion of instances of grammatical metaphor deployment. This study has shown that the development of learners’ academic writing was limited. Thus, it was suggested that a more explicit pedagogy to expose students to grammatical metaphor and more basic lexicogrammar teaching to enable the students to write academic texts is warranted.

Ischemic stroke patients with prestroke dependency: Characteristics and long-term prognosis.

ObjectiveThis paper aims at examining the clinical characteristics of ischemic stroke patients with different levels of prestroke functional dependency, their long‐term outcome, and determinants of five‐year mortality.Materials and methodsWe describe demographics, comorbidity, treatment, as well as long‐term mortality, and functional status of 5899 prestroke‐dependent ischemic stroke patients stratified by dependency level and compared to a concurrent cohort of 14 148 prestroke‐independent patients. The study was based on 2016 survey data from Riksstroke, the Swedish national stroke register, and patients were followed up at three months, 12 months, and either at three or five years. We used Cox regression for mortality predictor analysis and multiple imputation was performed to minimize bias from loss to follow‐up.ResultsWith increasing level of prestroke dependency, comorbidity burden was higher, drug prescription lower, and prognosis less favorable. At three years, the proportion that had died or deteriorated were 82.6%, 87.5%, and 86.3% in moderate, moderately severe, and severe dependency, respectively. In moderate dependency, prognosis was relatively favorable: Three‐month mortality was half of that seen in severe dependency (25.3% versus 49.6%). Differences in overall outcome between groups of varying prestroke functional dependency level were statistically significant (P < .05) at all follow‐up time points.ConclusionsThere was great heterogeneity between groups of different level of prestroke dependency; those of moderate dependency had a relatively favorable prognosis. Patients of different prestroke level of dependency need to be addressed separately, and further research is needed characterizing this group and exploring management strategies.

A Cancer Gene Module Mining Method Based on Bio-Network of Multi-Omics Gene Groups.

The initiation, promotion and progression of cancer are highly associated to the environment a human lives in as well as individual genetic factors. In view of the dangers to life and health caused by this abnormally complex systemic disease, many top scientific research institutions around the world have been actively carrying out research in order to discover the pathogenic mechanisms driving cancer occurrence and development. The emergence of high-throughput sequencing technology has greatly advanced oncology research and given rise to the revelation of important oncogenes and the interrelationship among them. Here, we have studied heterogeneous multi-level data within a context of integrated data, and scientifically introduced lncRNA omics data to construct multi-omics bio-network models, allowing the screening of key cancer-related gene groups. We propose a compactness clustering algorithm based on corrected cumulative rank scores, which uses the functional similarity between groups of genes as a distance measure to excavate key gene modules for abnormal regulation contained in gene groups through clustering. We also conducted a survival analysis using our results and found that our model could divide groups of different levels very well. The results also demonstrate that the integration of multi-omics biological data, key gene modules and their dysregulated gene groups can be discovered, which is crucial for cancer research.

THE REVIEW on the monograph by Archie J. Bahm “Why be moral?” New Mexico. Albuquerque. World books, 1992, 435 p.

At present, a special role is played by socio-philosophical studies of a worldview and methodological nature. There is a need for systematization and generalization of knowledge of the humanities and natural sciences about a person on a united integrative scientific and philosophical basis. This makes it possible to take a fresh look at the solution of the urgent problems facing society in the modern transitional era, when old values lose their significance, and new ones are only just beginning to take shape in public consciousness. A person should be in the center of attention not only as a natural or socially active being, but also as a responsible person. In connection with the foregoing, the original conception of the integrated personality of the contemporary American humanist philosopher Archie J. Bahm (1907–1996), set forth in his monograph “Why be moral?” (1992) and who is a representative of a special philosophical trend – organicism. His works have no translational analogues in domestic literature. In this digest for the first time we conduct a brief study of the main provisions of his personality theory and its relations with social groups of different levels to which one belongs in a democratic society. This is especially actual in the light of the transition of Russian society from an authoritarian orientation to democratic forms of government, taking into account its national identity and its own historical experience.

ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ АСПЕКТИ ПРОБЛЕМИ СУПЕРЕЧНОСТЕЙ І КОНФЛІКТІВ У ПРАЦЯХ МИСЛИТЕЛІВ СТАРОДАВНЬОГО СВІТУ

Introduction. The history of humankind has shown the imminence of conflicts since ancient times. They existed and will exist everywhere as long as exist the collaboration between people. The great amount of different works, written by psychologists, philosophers and sociologists are devoted to the research of conflicts. Long ago, people have realized the connection between the attempt of conflicts explanation and understanding of human and society essence. Thus, roots of conflictology reach the sources of social philosophy. Purpose. The purpose of this article is the coverage of main psychological conflict problems in the works of Ancient world thinkers.Methods. In the process of work theoretical analysis and systematization of scientific-theoretical and methodical sources were used.Results. The present issue finds justification in works of both national and international scientists. Researchers are trying to formulate the main paras of conflict situations appearing in the system of legal relations, to classify them, and to explain their active solving necessity. These scientists should be pointed out: Baieva, Barabasha, Bobrovnyk, Herasinu, Yezerov, Zerkina, Krivtsovu, Nebrat, Novikovu, Svyrydiuk, Senyk, Tykhomyrova, Skakun, Stavytskoi, Tsvika.Originality. It’s impossible to avoid the conflicts, but there are different ways of mitigating their devastating impact on collaboration between people, shipments, social groups of different levels, including countries. There is way to learn how to choose effective strategies of solving conflict situations that even allow to develop constructive relations. Thus, development of conflictological issue, thinking on nature and functions of social conflicts, their specialties of determination, impact of different objective and subjective conditions, explanation of the methods of their effective prevention, resolving take great importance and value.Conclusion Despite the fruitful ideas about the nature of conflict, formulated by classic philosophy, there used to be serious gaps in the examination of the conflict core till the end of ХІХ century:Conflicts were considered only in general, with philosophical ideas, like a struggle between good and evil as natural being;Only conflicts of macro-level were considered. It means between classes, countries, nations. Conflicts in small groups remained beyond scientist’s attention.Main assets of conflict as the phenomenon of social life weren’t considered, resulting in absence of own conflict theory and conflictology.

Supplier-Customer Geographic Distance and Audit Fee

Audit fees have always been a topic of concern in the field of accounting research at home and abroad. As far as the existing literature is concerned, the research on audit fees is mostly concentrated on the characteristics of the firm and the characteristics of the audited entities. In recent years, as the supply chain has become the focus of attention, customer characteristics have gradually been taken into account in the scope of factors affecting audit fees. This paper selects the geographical distance between the customer and the company as a customer feature for research, and introduces geographical location factors into the field of audit fees, and explores what impact the distance between customers and the company would have on the audit fees. Earlier studies indicated that the two key factors affecting audit fees are auditor efforts and litigation risks. This paper uses the data of the top five customers disclosed by the Shanghai-Shenzhen A-share listed companies in 2009-2016 to analyze the information asymmetry of long-distance customer affects these two key factors to explore the impact on audit costs. The study found that: 1) The farther the listed company is from the main customers, the higher the audit fee is, and vice versa. 2) The impact of listed company customer distance on audit fees is different between groups in different levels of customer concentration and different levels of analyst attention. This paper provides evidence that different customer geographic characteristics have different impacts on audit fees.

Association between Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Level and Cognitive Impairment in Patients with White Matter Lesions: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objectives: We aimed to observe the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-[OH] D) and different cognitive domains, and to evaluate the predictive value of 25-(OH) D level for cognitive impairment in patients with white matter lesions (WML). Methods: The differences in clinical data including 25-(OH) D were analyzed between cognitive normality (n = 87) and impairment (n = 139) groups, and variant cognitive domains were analyzed between groups of different levels of serum 25-(OH) D. Risk factors for cognitive impairments were evaluated with multivariate logistic regression analysis; a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 25-(OH) D levels was used to examine the association between 25-(OH) D and WML with cognitive dysfunction. Results: As the severity of WML increased, the proportion of patients with a low level of serum 25-(OH) D increased (p < 0.05). The total MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment) scores and all domain scores except naming were significantly lower in patients with low levels of serum 25-(OH) D than in patients with high levels of serum 25-(OH) D (p < 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that serum 25-(OH) D levels were independently correlated with cognitive impairment. In the ROC analysis, the optimal cut-off value for 25-(OH) D was 17.53 with 76% sensitivity and 70% specificity (AUC =0.751, 95% CI: 0.674–0.819, p < 0.05). Conclusion: We observed that vitamin D deficiency is associated with multiple areas of cognitive impairment and that it is an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment in WML.

The education logistic in digital school

The authors propose to consider the digital transformation of education as logistics view, looking at educational logistics like an activity to provide the student with all the necessary educational resources. Usually the problems of education are considered from the standpoint of pedagogy, didactics, and psychology. Logistics is usually associated with the tasks of supply of products. However, logistics is the solution of optimization problems of different processes. The subject of optimization can be the educational process. The advantage of the logistics approach in education is that it is possible to move away from the traditional humanitarian aspects of the relations of the participants of the educational process in order to focus on structural problems and management features. Traditional educational logistics involves the logistics of study groups. Pedagogy works to align all students in the study group. All curricula are based on the study group as a unit of development. If the student fails to integrate into the study group, then he or she is individually pulled up by personal teacher, or picked up by another study group. Digital technologies allow to develop the personal educational logistics — individual development of each student as a new task of new education. Digital technologies blur the boundaries of educational organizations, so there is a wide range of groups of different levels and composition. Instead of fitting the student to the study group, it is possible to fit the groups to the student.

Burnout syndrome among medical residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundBurnout is a psychological syndrome that is very common among medical residents. It consists of emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonalization (DP) and reduced personal accomplishment (PA).ObjectiveTo estimate burnout among different medical residency specialties.MethodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A search of bibliographic databases and grey literature was conducted, from inception to March 2018. The following databases were accessed: Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar and Scopus, and 3,575 studies were found. Methodological quality was evaluated by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Methodology Checklist for Cross-Sectional/Prevalence Study. In the final analysis, 26 papers were included. Their references were checked for additional studies, but none were included.Results4,664 medical residents were included. High DP, EE and low PA proportions were compared. Specialties were distributed into three groups of different levels of burnout prevalence: general surgery, anesthesiology, obstetrics/gynecology and orthopedics (40.8%); internal medicine, plastic surgery and pediatrics (30.0%); and otolaryngology and neurology (15.4%). Overall burnout prevalence found for all specialties was 35.7%.ConclusionThe prevalence of burnout syndrome was significantly higher among surgical/urgency residencies than in clinical specialties.PROSPERO registrationCRD42018090270.

Prognostic Value of White Blood Cells Detected for the First Time After Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Primary Operable Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of white blood cells detected for the first time after adjuvant chemotherapy in primary operable non-small cell lung cancer.Methods:From January 2010 to May 2016, data from 208 patients who underwent surgery for non-small cell lung cancer were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A white blood cell count detected for the first time after adjuvant chemotherapy greater than 7.00 was an independent predictor of poor disease-free survival (Hazard ratio: 1.736, 95% confidence interval: 1.267-2.378; P = .001) and overall survival (Hazard ratio: 1.802, 95% confidence interval: 1.305-2.471; P = .000). In a further study, after myelosuppression, survival analysis indicated that the patients with white blood cell counts <2.5 had poorer survival than patients with blood cell counts 2.5 to 4.0, P = .031. When the analysis was stratified by the type of histology, patients with a white blood cell count >7.00 and increased white blood cell after chemotherapy compared to pretreatment had a poorer prognosis than patients with white blood cell ≤7.00 and no increase in white blood cell, P = .000 and P = .002, respectively. We further evaluated the prognosis of the 2 groups in different levels of white blood cell. In the group of patients with white blood cell ≤4.0, patients with chemotherapy cycles ≤2, and >2 showed no differences (Hazard ratio: 2.346, 95% confidence interval: 0.288-19.073, P = .425). In the group of patients with white blood cell of 4.0 to 7.0, the prognosis of patients with chemotherapy cycles ≤2 and patients with chemotherapy cycles >2 showed no difference (Hazard ratio: 0.560, 95% confidence interval: 0.248-1.261, P = .161). In the group of patients with white blood cell >7.0, patients with >2 chemotherapy cycles had a better prognosis than patients with chemotherapy cycles ≤2 (Hazard ratio: 0.573, 95% confidence interval: 0.338-0.971, P = .037)Conclusions:The level of white blood cells detected for the first time after adjuvant chemotherapy is an independent risk factor for non-small cell lung cancer, especially for patients with nonadenocarcinoma. In addition, the level of white blood cells after postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and its change compared with pretreatment might also provide useful information regarding the best choice of cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy.