Alcohol Consumption In Group Research Articles

Trajectories of alcohol consumption in relation to all-cause mortality in patients with cardiovascular disease: a 35-year prospective cohort study.

Background and AimsResearch into alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients' prognosis has largely ignored the longitudinal dynamics in drinking behaviour. This study measured the association between alcohol consumption trajectories and mortality risk in CVD patients.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingUK‐based Whitehall II Study.ParticipantsA total of 1306 participants with incident non‐fatal CVD (coronary heart disease/stroke) events.MeasurementsUp to eight repeated measures of alcohol intake were available for each patient from the most recent assessment phase pre‐incident CVD and all subsequent phases post‐incident CVD, spanning up to three decades. Six trajectory groups of alcohol consumption were identified using group‐based trajectory modelling and related to the risk of all‐cause mortality, adjusting for demographics and changes in life‐style and health status.FindingsThree hundred and eighty deaths were recorded during a median follow‐up of 5 years after patients' last alcohol assessment. Compared with patients who consistently drank moderately (≤ 14 units/week), former drinkers had a greater risk of mortality (hazard ratio = 1.74, 95% confidence interval = 1.19–2.54) after adjustment for covariates. There was no significantly increased risk of mortality in long‐term abstainers, reduced moderate drinkers, stable or unstable heavy drinkers. Cross‐sectional analyses based only on drinking information at patients' last assessment found no significant differences in mortality risk for abstainers, former or heavy drinkers versus moderate drinkers.ConclusionsCardiovascular disease patients who consistently drink ≤ 14 units/week appear to have a similar risk of mortality to those who are long‐term abstainers, which does not support a protective effect of moderate drinking on total mortality. Cardiovascular disease patients who stop drinking appear to have increased mortality risk compared with continuous moderate drinkers, but this may be linked to poor self‐rated health before cardiovascular disease onset.

Association of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with asthma: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) in asthma patients.DesignA longitudinal follow-up study using a retrospective cohortSettingThe 2002–2013 Korean National Health Insurance Service-Health Screening CohortParticipants and interventionsThe...

Effect of different alcohol consumption levels on the left atrial size: A cross-sectional study in rural China.

Previous studies have investigated the relationship between alcohol and ventricular structure; however, few studies have evaluated the relation between alcohol consumption and the atrium size. In this study, we aimed to test the association between alcohol consumption and left atrium (LA) size in the general population. A population-based sample of 10,211 subjects aged ≥35 years and free from hypertension at baseline were followed from January 2012 to August 2013. Left atrial enlargement (LAE) was defined as the ratio of LA diameter to body surface area exceeding 2.4 cm/m2 in both the sexes. Independent factors for LAE were estimated by multiple logistic regression analyses. The study included 10,211 participants (4,751 men and 5,460 women). Left atrial diameter/body surface area (LAD/BSA) was higher in the moderate and heavy alcohol consumption groups than in the non-drinker group (non-drinker, 20.5±0.03 cm/m2; moderate, 20.8±0.09 cm/m2; and heavy, 20.6±0.06 cm/m2; p<0.001). Both the groups of moderate and heavy drinkers had a higher incidence of LAE than the non-drinker group (6.9% of non-drinkers, 9.9% of moderate drinkers, and 8.4% of heavy drinkers; p<0.001). After adjusting for related risk factors, multiple logistic regression analyses showed that moderate drinkers had an approximately 1.4-fold higher risk of LAE [odds ratio (OR): 1.387, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.056-1.822, p=0.019] compared with the non-drinkers, and the heavy drinkers had an approximately 1.2-fold higher risk of LAE (OR: 1.229, 95% CI: 1.002-1.508, p=0.047) compared with that of the non-drinkers. Both heavy and moderate drinkers had increased odds for LAE compared with participants with no alcohol consumption in the general population.

Breaking the technical barrier of microvascular anastomosis with high-speed videography: A prospective cohort study

BackgroundMicrosurgical anastomosis is technically difficult especially for less-experienced surgeons. Traditionally, surgeons in training could only accomplish these surgeries under intensive guiding and supervision from senior surgeons. This study presents and characterises a new method for microsurgical trainees to objectively evaluating the quality of vascular anastomosis intraoperatively. Materials and methodsWe conducted a prospective study to determine the utility of patency test of vascular anastomosis with assistance of high-speed video recording (PTHVR) to evaluate the quality of vascular anastomosis during microsurgery. To determine whether the use of PTHVR outperformed traditional supervision from senior surgeons (historical control), we compared the outcomes of microsurgeries including free flap transfer and replantation between the two groups. ResultsA total of 211 patients were enrolled, of which 98 underwent surgery under traditional supervision and 113 underwent surgery with PTHVR. Of the 211 patients, 102 underwent digit replantation (48%), 22 underwent limb replantation (10%), and 87 underwent free flap transfer (42%). There was no statistical difference between the two groups in age, gender, BMI, pre-existing comorbidities, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and duration of surgery. Use of PTHVR as an intraoperative guide significantly decreased the rate of re-exploration surgeries (PTHVR, 8.0% [9/113]; control, 23.5% [23/98]; P = 0.002) and replantation/free flap failures (PTHVR, 8.8% [10/113]; control, 19.4% [19/98]; P = 0.029) compared with historical control under traditional supervision. ConclusionsPTHVR is a useful tool for improving the success rate of microsurgery for less-experienced surgeons when compared with traditional supervision mode.

Inhibition of ferroptosis reduces susceptibility to frequent excessive alcohol consumption-induced atrial fibrillation

Both long-term and short-term alcohol consumption can cause internal homeostasis imbalance, and they have been proved to be related to the initiation and development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic oxidative death which also regulate the cell death homeostasis, but whether it involves in AF induced by alcohol consumption remains unclear. Here, we report a study on the effect of ferroptosis on susceptibility to AF at different alcohol consumption frequencies. We divided the mice into single or frequent excessive alcohol consumption group which given sterile drinking water or alcohol by gavage at different frequencies. Meanwhile, the experimental group was given an intraperitoneal injection of ferroptosis inhibitor (Fer-1) before alcohol drinking. It was found that once exposure to 5 g/kg/d frequent excessive alcohol consumption, compared with the single excessive alcohol consumption group, the mice serum non-heme iron concentration, accumulation of iron and oxidative stress reaction in atrial tissues were increased, while the body weight, heart weight and heart weight to tibia length (HW/TL) ratio were decreased. In addition, the inducibility rate of AF increased, while RR interval, effective refractory periods (ERPs) and 90 % action potential duration (APD90) shortened, as well as QTc interval prolonged. Furthermore, the protein and mRNA expression levels of GPx4, FTL, FTH1, Kv1.5, Kv2.1, Kv4.3, Cav1.2, Serca2α, p-PLB were down-regulated, while PTGS2 was up-regulated. Most of the changes can be partially or completely reversed by Fer-1. These results suggest that frequent excessive alcohol consumption activates ferroptosis and increases the inducibility rate of AF. Nevertheless, inhibition of ferroptosis can balance iron overload disorders and reduce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), eventually decrease the susceptibility to AF. Our results highlight the importance of guidance and warnings for unhealthy alcohol-abuse lifestyle.

Elevated customary alcohol consumption attenuates opioid effects

BackgroundRegular alcohol consumption is on the rise among older adults and has the potential of altering the subjective experience of pain and response to pain medications. This study examined the cognitive, analgesic and side effect response to oxycodone in middle age and older adults with elevated levels of customary alcohol consumption in a human laboratory setting. MethodsAfter refraining from alcohol for one day, eligible participants underwent baseline assessment cognition and side effects by means of questionnaires that were repeated at three time points (90 min, 5 and 8 h) following administration of a 10 mg oral dose of oxycodone. Response to pain stimulus (Cold Pressor Test (CPT)), pupil size, and plasma oxycodone were also measured. ResultsOne hundred twenty-eight adults (age 35–85) completed the study day. Compared to those with lower customary alcohol consumption, participants with elevated alcohol consumption showed attenuated opioid-induced pupil constriction and cognitive decline on objective measures of working memory, sustained attention, inhibitory control, coordination on a simulated driving task, and subjective dysphoric effects with enhanced subjective euphoric effects. Oxycodone pharmacokinetics, pain tolerance to CPT, and Berg balance were impacted comparably between alcohol consumption groups. Women endorsed greater negative drug effects, whereas men endorsed positive drug effects. ConclusionIndependent of subject's age, elevated customary alcohol consumption attenuates opioid central effects (i.e., pupil miosis, impaired cognition) and gender influences subjective drug effects. Clinicians should consider alcohol consumption and gender when prescribing opioid medications.

Gender Differences in the Association Between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Diabetes.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and diabetes in a Chinese population based on a cross-sectional analysis of patient data from a large tertiary care hospital in China and analyses whether there are any gender differences in this association.MethodsA total of 794 (615 men and 179 women) inpatients were involved in this study. Polysomnography (PSG) was used to diagnose OSA, and overnight PSG testing was performed on each subject included in this study. All study subjects were also diagnosed with whether they had diabetes by an endocrinologist in the hospital.ResultsAfter adjusting for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption and body mass index (BMI) groups, the results showed that the number of apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) events was a risk factor for diabetes, with a 9% (95% CI: 1–17%) increase in the risk of diabetes per unit increase, while subjects with higher (per unit increase) lowest oxygen saturation value monitored during the subject’s sleep (LSaO2) with a 13% (95% CI: 4–22%) decrease in the risk of diabetes. Stratified analyses by gender, after adjustment, in men, OSA and its associated monitoring indicators were statistically significantly associated with diabetes [OR for severe OSA was 2.269 (95% CI: 1.164, 4.425), P=0.016, and OR for severe hypoxemia was 2.228 (95% CI: 1.145, 4.334), P=0.018], while not in women.ConclusionOur study found a significant association between OSA and diabetes in a Chinese clinical-based population as well as a dose–response relationship between the severity of AHI and severe hypoxemia (LSaO2 < 80%) and blood glucose, the association has gender difference and was only present significant association in men, which demonstrated that diabetes prevention and blood glucose screening and management should be enhanced for Chinese men with OSA.

Peculiarities of alcohol consumption in female urban population of different social and professional status

The aim of the work is to study the prevalence of alcohol consumption and features of alcoholic behavior among working urban women with different professional and social status. The situation with the involvement of various groups of women in alcohol consumption is analyzed on the basis of quantitative and qualitative long – term studies conducted by the team of Sector of Sociology of Deviant Behavior of ISRAS – FCTAS RAS. The article analyzes the features of alcoholic behavior – the regularity and intensity of alcohol consumption, the structure of consumed alcoholic beverages – among women leaders, specialists with higher education without subordinates, women employees and workers of various qualifications. The main motives of alcohol consumption in these groups were revealed. It is shown that, despite the recorded positive trend of recent years towards a decrease in alcoholism among women in large cities, the nature of alcohol consumption in some socio-professional groups of women has changed significantly. Business women with a high social status who drink alcohol have a heavier alcohol habits. The article considered the influence of the epidemic of coronavirus infection and the self-isolation regimeintroduced by the government of the Russian Federation in spring of 2020 on alcoholic behavior of women with different socio-professional status. It was found that according to many indicators of alcoholic behavior, business women represent a high-risk group. The factors contributing to the alcoholization of business women are identified, the role of alcohol in their life, the motives of consumption are considered. It is shown that significant factors of alcoholization of business women and women-leaders are the need to follow the business culture with its inherent practice of alcohol consumption, the desirability of a woman’s compliance with opposing social norms, as well as work stress. In an effort to adapt to the current difficult conditions, business women resort to alcohol.

Urine proteomics signatures associated with alcohol drinking among residents attending the National Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Early Detection Program in Linqu, Shandong province

The liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry was used to detect the urinary proteomics of 223 residents aged 40-69 years old who participated in the National Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Early Detection Program in Linqu County, Shandong Province from November 22 to December 7, 2018, and analyze the alcohol consumption related proteomic profiles and individual urinary protein. There were significant differences in urinary protein profiles between alcohol consumption group and non-alcohol consumption group. The expression of 26 urinary proteins was up-regulated and 20 urinary proteins were down-regulated in alcohol consumption group (P<0.05). The differentially expressed proteins had enzyme inhibitor activity and phospholipid binding function, and mainly enriched in pathways involving proximal tubule bicarbonate regeneration, complement and coagulation cascade, and cholesterol metabolism. The protein expressions of complement factor I (CFI), angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and protein C inhibitor (SERPINA5) were positively correlated with daily alcohol consumption.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Absolute and Relative Values of Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Elderly Women.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) increases with age, obesity, low physical activity, and decreased muscle strength. Although many studies have reported on grip strength and MetS, few studies have been conducted on leg strength. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of MetS according to absolute and relative leg strength values in middle-aged and older women. The participants were 1053 women who visited the healthcare center: middle-aged (n = 453) and older (n = 601). MetS was diagnosed using the criteria established by the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the World Health Organization’s Asia Pacific guidelines for waist circumference. For leg strength, knee flexion and extension were performed using isokinetic equipment. Grip strength was measured using a grip dynamometer and classified into quartiles. Analysis of prevalence using logistic regression showed that MetS was present in 21.2% of middle-aged and 39.4% of older women. The lowest relative leg extension increased 2.5 times in the middle-aged and 1.5 times in older women (p < 0.05). However, leg flexion did not have a significant prevalence in either age group. The prevalence of MetS in middle-aged and older women with the lowest relative grip strength increased 1.5 and 1.2 times, respectively. Conversely, the lower the absolute leg extension strength, the lower the MetS prevalence was at 0.520 in middle-aged and 0.566 in older women (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the prevalence of MetS increased in women with low relative grip and leg strengths. Specifically, the lower the relative leg extension muscle strength, the higher the prevalence of MetS. In addition, the prevalence of MetS increased in the high-frequency alcohol consumption and non-physical activity group.

Detection of Helicobacter pylori infection by 14 C urea breath test in asymptomatic adults: A pilot study in Kanbauk village tract

As Helicobacter pylori infection is highly prevalent estimated to be affecting more than 50% of the world's populations and implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastric diseases including gastric cancer, early detection of infection even before symptoms appears to be one of the most important strategies in management. This study was aimed to detect infection by 14C urea breath test and to describe the risk factors in asymptomatic adults at Kanbauk village-tract, located in Southern Myanmar. It was a community-based, cross-sectional prevalence study conducted between 4 and 9 October 2019. After thorough history taking, physical examination, obtaining informed consent, and fasting for 5 h, H pylori infection was detected by 14C urea breath testing. Among 149 volunteers, infection was detected in 68.46% of the study population. The prevalence of H pylori infection in male patients was 66.7% and in female patients was 75%. There was no statistically significant association between H pylori infection and gender (P = 0.36). The mean age of H pylori infected patients was 37.4 years (SD ± 9.14) and it did not differ significantly (P = 0.421). Subjects who never attended government school were found out to have a significant association with H pylori infection (P = 0.006). Other factors such as family income, household numbers, smoking, betel chewing habit, alcohol consumption, BMI and blood groups were found to be no significant risk factors for H pylori infection. The prevalence of H pylori in Kanbauk village tract was comparable to two different community studies conducted in Myanmar.

Association between alcohol consumption status and obesity-related comorbidities in men: data from the 2016 Korean community health survey

BackgroundThis study was performed to investigate the association between the amount of alcohol consumption or binge drinking and obesity-related comorbidities in Korean men.MethodsA total of 103,048 men aged 19 years or older were investigated in the 2016 Korean Community Health Survey. The participants were divided into five groups according to the standard number of alcoholic drinks consumed per week.ResultsOf the total participants, 20.7% were in the high alcohol consumption group, consuming more than 28 drinks per week. After adjustment for clinical factors, high alcohol consumption was significantly associated with higher odds ratios (ORs) of obesity (OR, 1.449; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.412 to 1.591; P < 0.0001), hypertension (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.636 to 1.894; P < 0.0001), and dyslipidemia (OR, 1.356; 95% CI, 1.247 to 1.474; P < 0.0001). In contrast, mild to moderate alcohol consumption was associated with a lower risk of diabetes (OR, 0.799; 95% CI, 0.726 to 0.88; P = 0.0015) and high alcohol consumption was not associated with a higher risk of diabetes (OR, 0.945; 95% CI, 0.86 to 1.039; P = 0.0662). Among drinkers, except for social drinkers, binge drinking was significantly associated with higher risks of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia.ConclusionsHigh alcohol consumption was associated with higher risks of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in Korean men. In contrast, high consumption was not associated with a higher risk of diabetes. In particular, binge drinkers were associated with higher risks of obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia compared to non-binge drinkers.

Burden of increased blood glucose due to modifiable risk factors among men in India

Background and aimsWorldwide, many diabetes cases are occurring mainly due to lifestyle risk factors. Hence, to quantify and compare the attributable burden of key modifiable risk factors associated with increased Blood Glucose (BG) among Indian states and districts. MethodsThe study used the National Family Health Survey (2015–16) data to estimate Population Attributable Risk (PAR) for increased BG (>140 mg/dl) among men aged 15–54 years in 640 districts of 36 States/Union Territories (UTs), India. We have considered three key modifiable factors such as high Body Mass Index (BMI), use of tobacco and alcohol. Population Attributable Risk techniques were employed to address the attributable burden of increased blood glucose due to modifiable risk factors. ResultsSubstantial variations were found in the burden of increased BG due to high BMI, alcohol and tobacco use in India. The overall burden of increased BG due to high BMI, tobacco and alcohol in India was 28.5%, 2.1% and 6.4%, respectively. Regional variations in BG were found in high BMI, tobacco and alcohol consumption groups. The high burden of increased BG related to the above key modifiable risk factors mostly seen in North-Eastern’ districts due to alcohol, Southern and Northern’ districts was due to high BMI. However, the higher burden due to tobacco was reported in Central, Eastern and North-Eastern’ districts. ConclusionThree modifiable risk factors are contributing significantly to increased BG among men. Since there are regional differences in their contributions, state/district, specific targeted interventions may be necessary to control increased BG among men in India.

Expression of MicroRNAs (miR-15b, miR-16, miR-138, miR-221, and miR-222) as Biomarkers of Endothelial Corpus Cavernosum Dysfunction in a Diabetic Alcoholic Murine Model.

IntroductionMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and are related to endothelial dysfunction (EnD). Recently, miRNAs have also been explored as potential biomarkers and target molecular therapy of erectile dysfunction (ED). Could the miRNAs be the tip of the iceberg of chronic arterial disease foreshadowed by the ED?AimTo investigate the expression of miR-15b, miR-16, miR-138, miR-221, and miR-222 in corpus cavernosum (CC) and peripheral blood in a rat model of endothelium dysfunction secondary to diabetes (DM) and alcohol consumption to assess potential endothelial lesion biomarkers.MethodsTwenty males Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control group (C), alcohol consumption group (A), diabetic group (D), diabetic-alcohol consumption group (D + A). DM was alloxan-induced and alcohol consumption was through progressive increase of ethanol concentration in drinkable water. After 7 weeks, miRNAs expressions from CC and blood sample were evaluated by real-time PCR. Functional assessment of CC was performed in an acetylcholine endothelium-dependent relaxation pharmacological study.Main Outcome MeasuremiRNA expression in CC and blood were evaluated; pharmacological study in CC strips was conducted to validate EnD.ResultsWe found that 3 miRNAs (miR-16, miR-221, and miR-222) were downregulated in the CC in the D+A group, while all 5 miRNAs were downregulated in the blood of D and D + A groups. The endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was significantly decreased in groups A, D, and D + A. Diagnostic accuracy estimated by AUC, to discriminating groups A, D, and D + A from controls, was superior to >0.9 in all plasmatic miRNAs.ConclusionmiRNAs downregulation was identified in both CC and blood notably in DM associated with alcohol consumption animals (D + A), the greatest endothelial injury potential group. Serum miRNAs have also demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy properties in predicting CC relaxation dysfunction labeling EnD. RB Tiraboschi, FSL Neto, DP da Cunha Tirapelli, et al. Expression of MicroRNAs (miR-15b, miR-16, miR-138, miR-221, and miR-222) as Biomarkers of Endothelial Corpus Cavernosum Dysfunction in a Diabetic Alcoholic Murine Model. Sex Med 2021;9:100326.

Impacts of Maternal Diet and Alcohol Consumption during Pregnancy on Maternal and Infant Gut Microbiota.

(1) Background: Maternal diet and alcohol consumption can influence both maternal and infant’s gut microbiota. These relationships are still not examined in the Chinese population. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of alcohol consumption and maternal diet during pregnancy on maternal and infant’s gut microbiota. (2) Methods: Twenty-nine mother-child dyads were enrolled in central China. Fecal samples of mothers during late pregnancy and of newborns within 48 h were collected. The V3–V4 regions of 16S rRNA sequences were analyzed. A self-administrated questionnaire about simple diet frequency in the past week was completed by mothers before childbirth. The demographic information was finished by mothers at 24 h after childbirth. (3) Results: Among these 29 mothers, 10 mothers reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy. The PCoA (β-diversity) showed significant difference in maternal gut microbiota between the alcohol consumption group vs. the non-alcohol consumption group (abund-Jaccard, r = 0.2, p = 0.006). The same phenomenon was observed in newborns (unweighted-UniFrac full tree, r = 0.174, p = 0.031). Maternal alcohol consumption frequency showed positive associations with maternal Phascolarctobacterium (p = 0.032) and Blautia (p = 0.019); maternal Faecalibacterium (p = 0.013) was negatively correlated with frequency of alcohol consumption. As for newborns, a positive relationship showed between Megamonas (p = 0.035) and newborns with maternal alcohol consumption. The diet was not associated with both maternal and infant’s gut microbiota. (4) Conclusions: Maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy influenced the gut microbiota on both mothers and the newborns. Future research is needed to explore these relationships in a lager birth cohort. Understanding the long-term effect of alcohol consumption on maternal and newborns’ gut microbiota is needed.

RELATIONSHIP OF BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTORS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES AND ARTERIAL STIFFNESS IN WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS WITH MEDICAL EDUCATION

Objective: to study the relationship of behavioral RF of CVD with arterial stiffness and daily dynamics of central aortic pressure in women of different age groups. Materials and methods: 161 women were examined, which were divided into 3 groups: 1st group – 52 young women from 18 to 30 years old (23.8±5.3 years old); 2nd group – 54 women from 31 years old until menopause (41±5.9 years); Group 3 – 55 women in the postmenopausal period (55.4±5.8 years). All volunteers underwent questionnaires, anthropometry, the study of arterial stiffness with the Doppler method and the method of volume sphygmography, daily monitoring of blood pressure with an assessment of vascular stiffness and central aortic pressure. Results : the strongest relationship between smoking and arterial stiffness was detected in the 3rd group, with the number of cigarettes per day being more important. Moderate alcohol consumption in group 1 is associated with an increase in the rate of increase in blood pressure in the aorta (dp / dt) max (R = 0.35, p = 0.01) and an improvement in the daily dynamics of central and peripheral pressure. A strict limitation of the caloric content of the consumed products is associated with a decrease in the carotidfemoral velocity of the cfSPV pulse wave (R = -0.2, p = 0.01) and an improvement in the characteristics of the reflected wave in all groups. Only in the 1st group, the use of 400 grams or more vegetables and fruits per day is associated with an improvement in rigidity. Low physical activity in the 3rd group is associated with an increase in the Weissler coefficient (R = 0.28, p = 0.04) and AASI (R = 0.29, p = 0.03). Conclusion : behavioral RF of CVDs are interrelated with various indicators of arterial stiffness and changes in central and peripheral pressure in women of different ages. The most significant indicators can be used as markers for the development of subclinical changes in the vascular wall in women, depending on their risk factors in order to start preventive measures in a timely manner.

Effect of alcohol consumption on the risk of adverse events in atrial fibrillation: from the COmparison study of Drugs for symptom control and complication prEvention of Atrial Fibrillation (CODE-AF) registry.

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between alcohol consumption and atrial fibrillation (AF)-related adverse events in the AF population. A total of 9411 patients with nonvalvular AF in a prospective observational registry were categorized into four groups according to the amount of alcohol consumption-abstainer-rare, light (<100 g/week), moderate (100-200 g/week), and heavy (≥200 g/week). Data on adverse events (ischaemic stroke, transient ischaemic attack, systemic embolic event, or AF hospitalization including for AF rate or rhythm control and heart failure management) were collected for 17.4 ± 7.3 months. A Cox proportional hazard models was performed to calculate hazard ratios (HRs), and propensity score matching was conducted to validate the results. The heavy alcohol consumption group showed an increased risk of composite adverse outcomes [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.66] compared with the reference group (abstainer-rare group). However, no significant increased risk for adverse outcomes was observed in the light (aHR 0.88, 95% CI 0.68-1.13) and moderate (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.63-1.33) groups. In subgroup analyses, adverse effect of heavy alcohol consumption was significant, especially among patients with low CHA2DS2-VASc score, without hypertension, and in whom β-blocker were not prescribed. Our findings suggest that heavy alcohol consumption increases the risk of adverse events in patients with AF, whereas light or moderate alcohol consumption does not.

“Ahí voy a estar hasta que Dios me preste vida”. Mujeres en grupos de Alcohólicos Anónimos durante la emergencia sanitaria por el COVID-19

Introduction: women have increased the consumption of alcohol, affecting their well-being, to this is added the situation of lag they face in receiving specialized treatment, treating their ailments in mutual-help groups, this scenario affects social and gender inequalities. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbates these conditions, affecting specific life situations of women and their health. Objective: to understand the experience of women who receive support for their recovery due to problems due to alcohol consumption in groups of Alcoholics Anonymous in the context of COVID-19. Method: qualitative study. Sampling by opportunity defined the participation of four women from “AA”. During May 2020, telephone interviews were conducted under informed consent. A thematic analysis was developed and Atlas.ti was used. The perspective on collective health and gender guided the analysis. Results: when analyzing the information, three categories were identified. The first contextualizes the recovery experiences of women. The following categories reveal the situations experienced in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and physical distancing. The findings were: gender roles and stereotypes are reaffirmed by expressing harassment and discrediting; family burdens and worries increase; participation in its recovery decreased. Discussion and conclusions: in the context of COVID-19, the participation of AA women in their recovery decreased, putting their well-being at risk, despite the fact that international organizations recommended continuing the care of people with mental health problems and incorporating community actions.

NPY-Y1 receptors in dorsal periaqueductal gray modulate anxiety, alcohol intake, and relapse in Wistar rats

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is likely the main endogenous anxiolytic neuromodulator involved in alcohol intake. NPY-Y1, a receptor for NPY, is highly expressed in the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a mesencephalic structure involved in integrating nervous activity to the performance of active and passive defensive behaviors related to fear and anxiety. Interestingly, anxiety and fear are some of the prevailing emotional negative states during alcohol abstinence. Moreover, an inverse relationship between NPY activity and alcohol consumption has been frequently reported, mainly in the extended amygdala. Nevertheless, both the roles of NPY and that of the receptor involved in these actions have been scarcely studied. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the pharmacological effect of NPY and NPY-Y1 receptor blockade into the dorsal periaqueductal gray (D-PAG) in an alcohol consumption and relapse paradigm in adult male Wistar rats.Ninety-six rats at postnatal day 42 (PND-42) were classified as having low and high anxiety (LA and HA), respectively, through the elevated plus maze test (EPM). Then, those animals were randomly divided into alcohol naïve (AN) and forced alcohol consumption (FAC) groups. A cannula was implanted in D-PAG to microinject vehicle (VEH), NPY, or BIBP-3226 (a selective NPY-Y1 receptor antagonist). A defensive burying behavior test (DBB) was performed to assess the anxiety-like state during withdrawal, followed by a 24-hour free choice voluntary alcohol intake test. Under our experimental conditions, NPY microinjection decreased alcohol consumption in HA rats, whereas NPY-Y1 receptor blockade in D-PAG produced a notably anxiogenic effect and higher alcohol intake and relapse. In conclusion, NPY in the D-PAG, most likely acting on NPY-Y1 receptors, induced a significant anxiolytic effect and prominently inhibited alcohol consumption and relapse in Wistar rats.

Relationships of early esophageal cancer with human papillomavirus and alcohol metabolism.

BACKGROUNDIt is well known that an alcohol consumption habit together with inactive heterozygous aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is an important risk factor for the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). It remains controversial whether human papillomavirus (HPV) infection contributes to the occurrence/development of ESCC. There has been no study in which the relationship between ESCC and HPV in addition to alcohol dehydrogenase-1B (ADH1B) and ALDH2 genotypes was evaluated.AIMTo evaluate relationships between HPV infection and development of esophageal cancer, particularly early esophageal cancer, based on ADH1B/ALDH2 polymorphisms.METHODSWe conducted an exploratory retrospective study using new specimens, and we enrolled 145 patients who underwent endoscopic resection for superficial ESCC and had been observed for more than two years by both physical examination and endoscopic examination in Hokkaido University Hospital. Saliva was collected to analyze genetic polymorphisms of ADH1B/ALDH2. We performed in situ hybridization for resected specimens to detect HPV by using an HPV type 16/18 probe.RESULTSHPV was detected in 15 (10.3%) of the 145 patients with ESCC. HPV-positive rates in inactive ALDH2*1/*2 and ALDH2*1/*1 + *2/*2 were 10.8% and 9.8%, respectively (P = 1.00). HPV-positive rates in slow-metabolizing ADH1B*1/*1 and ADH1B*1/*2 + *2/*2 were 12.0% and 10.0%, respectively (P = 0.72). HPV-positive rates in the heavy or moderate alcohol consumption group and the light or rare consumption group were 11.1% and 8.7%, respectively (P = 0.68). HPV-positive rates in the heavy smoking group and the light or no smoking group were 11.8% and 8.3%, respectively (P = 0.59). The 3-year incidence rates of secondary ESCC or head and neck cancer after initial treatment in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups were 14.4% and 21.4% (P = 0.22), respectively.CONCLUSIONIn the present situation, HPV status is considered to be less important than other risk factors, such as alcohol consumption, smoking habit, ADH1B/ALDH2 polymorphisms, and HPV status would therefore have no effect on ESCC risk management.