Oil Group Research Articles

Zinc oxide-ozonated olive oil as a new root canal filling material in primary molars: a clinical randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesThe complex root canal anatomy of primary teeth keeps it very tricky to attain appropriate cleansing by biomechanical instrumentation, so obtaining an obturating material with excellent antimicrobial properties is a challenge in current clinical pulpectomy practice. So, this study aimed to assess the clinical and radiographic performance of zinc oxide-ozonated olive oil as a primary root canal filling material.Materials and methodsNinety non-vital primary molars in children ranging from 4 to 8 years were allocated into three groups in which root canals were filled with zinc oxide-ozonated olive oil, zinc oxide-olive oil, and zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE) according to each group after pulpectomy procedure. Clinical and radiographic evaluations were done at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up periods. Statistical analysis was performed for the collected data.ResultsAll study groups showed a significant improvement regarding clinical signs and symptoms during follow-up periods. Ozonated-olive oil group revealed a significant increase in furcation radiodensity and a decrease in periodontal ligament space at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up intervals compared to other groups.ConclusionZinc oxide-ozonated olive oil and zinc oxide-olive oil paste had shown good clinical and radiographic success for primary teeth pulpectomy.Clinical relevanceThe intricate torturous primary root canal anatomy, in addition to the child’s negative behavior, interferes with the complete debridement, so the long-lasting antibacterial effect of the primary root canal filling material aids in the pulpectomy success.

Assessing Galleria mellonella as a preliminary model for systemic Staphylococcus aureus infection: Evaluating the efficacy and impact of vancomycin and Nigella sativa oil on gut microbiota

BackgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that can cause various infections. The Galleria mellonella has been used as a preliminary test for infection model. The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of G. mellonella as a microbiome model and compare the efficacy of vancomycin and antimicrobial activity of Nigella sativa (NS) on the gut flora. MethodsG. mellonella larvae were subjected to metagenomic analysis. The larvae's guts were collected, homogenized in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and the gut contents isolated for bacterial DNA extraction. Larvae were assigned into the following groups: negative control (PBS only); positive control (MRSA only); vancomycin treated group; NS oil treated group and combination (vancomycin and NS oil) treated group. Larvae were cultured, inoculated with S. aureus, and treated with vancomycin and NS oil. Larval activity, cocoon formation, growth, melanization, and survival were monitored. The toxicity of vancomycin and NS oil was tested, and S. aureus burden and natural microbiota were determined. Hemocyte density was measured. Statistical analysis was conducted using R. ResultsEnterococcus related species dominated approximately 90 % of the gastrointestinal tract of the larvae. The survival rate following treatment was 85 % with vancomycin, 64 % with NS oil, and 73 % with a combination of both. The count of Enterococcus Colony Forming Units (CFUs) was significantly lower in the vancomycin treatment group (8.14E+04) compared to those treated with NS oil (1.97E+06) and the combination treatment (8.95E+05). Furthermore, the S. aureus burden was found to be lower in the NS oil (1.04E+06) and combination treatment groups (9.02E+05) compared to the vancomycin treatment group (3.38E+06). Hemocyte densities were significantly higher in the NS oil (8.29E+06) and combination treatment groups (8.18E+06) compared to the vancomycin treatment group (4.89E+06). ConclusionsThe study supported the use of G. mellonella model as a preliminary test to assess the effect of different antimicrobials against S. aureus and gut microbiota. NS oil showed more selectivity against S. aureus and protectiveness for the natural Enterococcus gut flora.

Waste orange seeds (Citrus sinensis seed) transformation, a viable industrial bio-oil: Oil extraction, physicochemical characterization and vital instrumental analyses studies

The processing of Petroleum-based oil has contributed to environmental challenges such as climate change. Recently, research attention has been shifted to oil extraction from different non-edible seeds as a suitable substitute. Accordingly, this study examines the physiochemical characterization, and the effect of extraction temperature on the yield of waste Citrus sinensis seed [orange seed (OS)] bio oil. Studies on the prevalent functional group, fatty acid methyl ester compositions and thermal oxidative stability were carried out using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GCMS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), respectively. The oil content of the OS bio oil was 46.26%w/w. The high iodine number (31.47 mg/100 g) and low pour point (4.50 °C) of the OS bio oil showed its high content of unsaturated fatty acid. The FTIR functional group of the OS bio oil showed predominantly alkane of CH stretching, aldehydes, esters, and carboxylic acid. The chemical composition of the OS bio oil as determined by GCMS (massHunter/library/NIST 14.1) showed the occurrence of octadecadienoic and oleic acids as poly-saturated and saturated fat found in plant glycosides and vegetable fats and oil. The DSC thermal stability analysis showed the possible existence of mixed triglycerides. Finally, the result from the physiochemical characterization compositions, and functional group the OS bio oil indicated its potential as a suitable substitute for petroleum-based oil.

Impact of different drying approaches on VOCs and chemical composition of Mentha spicata L. essential oil: A combined analysis of GC/MS and E-nose with chemometrics methods

Given the significance spearmint (Mentha spicata L.), there is an increased demand for dry medicines and high-quality aromatic mint. In this study, a non-destructive technique based on electronic nose was used in combination with a GC/MS method and chemometrics to determine the quality of spearmint essential oil under eight drying methods. It was found that hot air drying (HAD) method yielded the highest amount of essential oil and its compounds. So that its highest amount was obtained in HAD1a method and equal to 1.380%. However, the amount decreased with increasing drying temperature and air velocity. In addition, sun drying performed worst its value was equal to 0.663%. The highest percentage of the obtained essential oil compounds was related to the three main components of carvone (64.30–7.45%), limonene (24.21–6.59%), and carveol (18.34–1.92%). Furthermore, the Nu-SVM classification algorithm with the sigmoid function provided an accuracy of 0.975 for classifying eight essential oil groups. In light of the limited knowledge about the effects of drying on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of medicinal plants, a new method for essential oil evaluation was proposed in this study. The results could provide a theoretical reference to choose the best drying method and quickly determine the quality of mint essential oils.

Effects of Varied Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Postpartum Mental Health and the Association between Prenatal Erythrocyte Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels and Postpartum Mental Health.

We investigated the postpartum mental health of women who had consumed perilla oil or fish oil containing various omega-3 fatty acids for 12 weeks starting in mid-pregnancy. The association between fatty acids in maternal erythrocytes and mental health risk factors was also examined. Healthy Japanese primiparas in mid-pregnancy (gestational weeks 18-25) were randomly divided into two groups and consumed approximately 2.0 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids in either perilla oil (the ALA dose was 2.4 g/day) or fish oil (the EPA + DHA dose was 1.7 g/day) for 12 weeks. Maternal mental health was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as the primary measure and the Mother-to-Infant Bonding Scale (MIBS) as the secondary measure. Data from an observational study were used as a historical control. Maternal blood, cord blood, and colostrum samples were collected for fatty acid composition analysis. In addition, completers of the observational studies were enrolled in a case-control study, wherein logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between maternal fatty acids and EPDS score. The proportion of participants with a high EPDS score (≥9) was significantly lower in the perilla oil group (12.0%, p = 0.044) but not in the fish oil group (22.3%, p = 0.882) compared with the historical control (21.6%), while the proportions between the former groups also tended to be lower (p = 0.059). No marked effect of omega-3 fatty acid intake was observed from the MIBS results. In the case-control study of the historical control, high levels of α-linolenic acid in maternal erythrocytes were associated with an EPDS score of <9 (odds ratio of 0.23, 95% confidence interval: 0.06, 0.84, p = 0.018 for trend). The results of this study suggest that consumption of α-linolenic acid during pregnancy may stabilize postpartum mental health.

Protective Effect Of The Antioxidant Butylated Hydroxytoluene (Bht) On Some Physiological And Biochemical Variables Of Male Rats Exposed To Stress By Starvation.

This study investigated the effect of Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) on some physiological and biochemical parameters of rats subjected to stress by starvation, and 56 mature males were divided into eight groups.(Control, Olive Oil, Starvation, BHT Concentration (100 mg/kg), BHT Concentration (50 mg/kg), Starvation + BHT concentration (100 mg/kg), starvation + BHT concentration (50 mg/kg), starvation + olive oil. The results showed that the olive oil group and BHT groups at a concentration (50, 100 mg/kg) There was no significant difference in most of the treatments within the studied variables. In contrast, the starvation group showed a significant decrease in the concentration of (Total protein, Albumin, Lipase Enzyme, Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme (LDH), and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). The control group, while the starvation + BHT group, did not show a concentration (100,50 mg/kg) Significant difference compared with the control group in all the variables as mentioned earlier, which shows clearly the protective effect of BHT against the negative effect of starvation by maintaining its concentrations within its normal level. Keywords: BHT; Starvation; Total Protein; Albumin; Lipase Enzyme; LDH; TAC.

Effect of nanomaterials functionality on the acidic crude oil: Wettability and oil recovery studies

Chemical enhanced oil recovery often involves the injection of chemicals, such as surfactants, polymers, nanoparticles, and macromolecules. These chemicals are to alter the rock-oil-water interactions and mobilize the oil towards the production well. However, they often pose considerable challenges in the harsh environment of the oil-wet reservoirs, such as chemical instability, and high retention/adsorption of chemicals in the near-wellbore. Herein, we investigated the effect of functionalized silica nanofluids on improving oil recovery in the carbonate reservoir as a function of the oil acidity. To do so, we synthesized two types of silica nanofluids functionalized with sulfonate and carboxylate groups. We used two crude oils with different total acid numbers (TAN) of 0.4 and 5.7 mg/KOH. All experiments were ran at 100 °C and salinity of 67–240 kppm to simulate the harsh reservoir conditions of the Saudi Arabia. Spontaneous imbibition oil recovery studies were conducted to assess their effects on oil recovery. Contact angle and interfacial tension were performed at different conditions to examine the oil recovery mechanism. Further, in order to corroborate the previous research and comprehend the principles underlying the oil recovery, we also examined the electrokinetic zeta potential in parallel. Also, to better understand how oil and nanofluid functional groups interact, we conducted a surface complexation model study. In addition, molecular simulation (density functional theory and molecular dynamics) are employed to gain atomistic insights on the implicated molecular interactions between nanosilica particles with calcite surface in seawater brine. DFT simulations predicted that both functionalized nanosilica can form thermodynamically stable complexes with a dry and hydrated calcite surface. Further, MD simulations reveal that a good amount of both functionalized nanosilica are interacting with calcite surface in the diffuse electric double layer of the calcite-brine interface. However, the carboxylated functionalized nanosilica particles interact with rock stronger than sulfonated ones. Further, the carboxylated nanosilica could form stable complexes with naphthenic acids mediated by calcium ions, which supports the synergy effect observed experimentally. The results shed light on much more complex mechanisms behind the oil recovery rather than the common peripheral understanding. This work provides a good insight into the applicability of nanofluids for enhanced oil recovery for further research and field trials.

Essential oil in bentonite: Effect of organofunctionalization on antibacterial activities

Essential oils are natural molecules with intense bioactivity, mainly antimicrobial activity, and are used in several industries such as health and food. However, the high volatility of the essential oils limits their application. Therefore, the incorporation of essential oils into solid materials is a strategy to maintain their properties. In this study, the incorporation of nerolidol at 5–50% v/v concentrations in raw and organophilic bentonites was investigated. The antibacterial activities of the oil/clay hybrids against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were evaluated using the direct contact test. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry patterns confirmed the intercalation of the oil in sodium bentonite, resulting in a 1.26–1.50 nm increase in basal spacing (d), and in cetyltrimethylammonium clay (CTAB-Bent), which showed a d value of 3 nm. Thermogravimetry indicated that the maximum amount of nerolidol incorporated was 41% by mass (1.84 mmol g−1) in the NE50/CTAB-Bent sample, suggesting a good affinity between the species. The Fourier transform infrared spectra were in concordance with the interactions between the oil and OH groups and the organic groups in the raw and organophilic samples, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy suggested that the layered structure of the samples was maintained without the formation of exfoliated phases. The antibacterial of the hybrids revealed 100% inhibition of both bacteria. The promising results associated with the slow release and effective antibacterial action of the oil-clay hybrids indicate that the obtained materials can be used in the manufacture of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and healthcare products.

Daily consumption of γ-oryzanol-fortified canola oil, compared with unfortified canola and sunflower oils, resulted in a better improvement of certain cardiometabolic biomarkers of adult subjects with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThis study was undertaken to examine the effects of daily consumption of γ-oryzanol (ORZ)-fortified canola oil, as compared with plain canola and sunflower oils, on certain cardiometabolic indicators.MethodsNinety-two adult subjects from both sexes with T2D were randomly assigned to one of the three groups to receive: (a) ORZ-fortified canola oil (Group 1; n1 = 30); (b) unfortified canola oil (Group 2; n2 = 32); or (c) sunflower oil (Group 3; n3 = 30) for 12 weeks. The participants were instructed to use only the given oils for all cooking (but frying) purposes. Anthropometric, dietary and biochemical assessments were done initially and finally.ResultsThough body mass index (BMI) significantly decreased in all three groups, only in Groups 1 and 2 waist circumference (WC) showed a significant decrement (-2.6 ± 0.1 and -2.2 ± 0.1 cm in Groups 1 and 2 respectively, p < 0.001 for both) which was accompanied by a significant reduction of blood pressure just in Group 1. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) showed a significant decrease only in ORZ-fortified canola oil group (−7.7 ± 0.4 mg/dL, p = 0.039 and −0.7 ± 0.1%, p < 0.001, respectively). However, insulin resistance, as judged by HOMA-IR, did not change significantly. In addition, serum triglyceride (TG) concentrations decreased in all three groups but only in ORZ-fortified canola oil was this decrement statistically significant (-17.9 ± 2.1 mg/dL, p = 0.005). Other components of serum lipid profile did not change significantly in either group.ConclusionsConsumption of either sunflower or canola oils for 12 weeks improved certain studied biomarkers. However, only ORZ-fortified canola oil resulted in a significant decrease of blood pressure, WC, FBG, HbA1c and TG. These findings can help both clinicians and public health authorities for dietary recommendations to subjects with T2D and presumably the whole community.Trial registration: number at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05271045).

Vitamin D: An effective therapy against methotrexateinduced cardiotoxicity

Purpose: To determine the potential cardioprotective effect of vitamin D (VD) against methotrexate (MTX) induced cardiotoxicity.Methods: A total of thirty-five (35) rats were randomly assigned to five equal groups. Control groupreceived no treatment; MTX group received intraperitoneal (IP) injection of MTX in a single dose of 20 mg/kg on day 8; VD group received 200 IU/kg VD daily dissolved in sunflower oil orally; sunflower oil (SO) group received 1 mL/kg/day SO orally; MTX + VD group received a single dose of MTX (20 mg/kg, IP) on day 8 and VD (200 IU/kg, orally) for 21 days. Myocardial tissue samples were harvested and used for clinical chemistry, histopathological, and ultrastructural evaluation.Results: Histopathological damage in MTX group was more severe than in control group under both light and electron microscopy. Expression of transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) and caspase-3 markers was significantly higher in MTX group (p &lt; 0.05). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity in cardiac tissue was lower in MTX group, whereas malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased significantly (p &lt; 0.05). In MTX + VD group, VD treatment alleviated histopathological damage and significantly lowered TRPM2 and caspase-3 expressions (p &lt; 0.05). Vitamin D also reduced tissue MDA levels, and increased GSH-Px activity albeit non-significantly (p &gt; 0.05),Conclusion: These findings suggest that VD exerts an ameliorative effect on MTX-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Therefore, TRPM2 channel affords a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of diseases related to chemotherapy-induced oxidative stress.

Comparative Effectiveness of Olive Oil and Breast Milk on Nipple Soreness in Breastfeeding Mothers.

Background: Breastfeeding has health benefits for both mothers and children. Nipple problems may result in the child being weaned prematurely before the recommended 6 months minimum period of exclusive breastfeeding. Purposes of the Study: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of topically applying olive oil and breast milk in treating nipple pain and soreness in breastfeeding mothers during the early postpartum period. Methods: A quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a maternity ward of a medical center in northern Taiwan. Eighty breastfeeding mothers were recruited, and randomly assigned to the olive oil or breast milk group. Visual analogue pain scale (intensity of nipple pain) and nipple soreness scores were collected at 24, 48, and 72 hours after delivery. Differences in postintervention outcomes between groups were examined using the Generalized Estimating Equation model. Results: The results indicated that both olive oil and breast milk groups reported a significant increase in the intensity of nipple pain and nipple soreness at 24, 48, and 72 hours after delivery. However, differences in the outcome measurements between olive oil and breast milk groups were statistically insignificant at p-value >0.05. Conclusion: This study found that olive oil had similar effects on nipple pain and soreness to breast milk. In addition, most breastfeeding mothers provided positive feedback on using olive oil. Olive oil can be a safe, accessible, and alternative choice for breastfeeding mothers in treating nipple pain and soreness, especially early in the breastfeeding period. The Clinical Trail Registration Number: NCT03568370.

Therapeutic Benefits of Tuna Oil by In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Using a Rat Model of Acetic Acid-Induced Ulcerative Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC), an inflammation of the colon lining, represents the main form of inflammatory bowel disease IBD. Nutritional therapy is extremely important in the management of ulcerative colitis. Fish oil contains long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have beneficial effects on health, including anti-inflammatory effects. This study aims to investigate the benefits of bluefin tuna oil extracted by the Soxhlet method in vitro by determining the anti-radical and anti-inflammatory activities and in vivo by evaluating the preventive and curative effects. The experiments were carried out using two doses of oil (100 and 260 mg/kg) and glutamine (400 and 1000 mg/kg) on the acetic acid-induced UC model. UC has been induced in Wistar rats by intrarectal administration of a single dose of 1 mL acetic acid (5% v/v in distilled water). The obtained results indicate that tuna oil and glutamine have a significant anti-free radical effect. Tuna oil has a marked anti-inflammatory power based on membrane stabilization and inhibiting protein denaturation. The reduction of various UC parameters, such as weight loss, disease activity score DAS, and colonic ulceration in rats pre-treated with tuna oil and glutamine, demonstrate that these treatments have a significant effect on UC. Total glutathione GSH, superoxide dismutase SOD, and catalase activities are significantly restored in the tuna oil and glutamine groups, while lipid peroxidation has been markedly reduced.

Effects of olive oil on hepatic steatosis and liver enzymes: A systematic review

Hepatic steatosis, a key feature of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, is prevalent in various conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of olive oil on various hepatic health-related indicators. Six randomized controlled trials using olive oil for eating or cooking were included, totaling 344 individuals with a median age of 43 years and a mean baseline body mass index of 29.4, with 57.6% being male. Study durations ranged from 4 weeks to 6 months. In all four studies assessing hepatic steatosis grading through ultrasound, significant reductions were observed in the olive oil groups. Significant decreases in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were reported in two studies. In conclusion, olive oil shows promise in ameliorating hepatic steatosis; however, further investigations are warranted to explore the potential effects of different olive oil types or olive polyphenols on chronic liver ailments.

Effects of Breeds on the Content of Functional Nutrition in Eggs.

The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in the content of functional nutrients in eggs, performance parameters, and egg quality parameters of different chicken breeds. In Trial 1, 150 41-week-old hens of each breed, including the Dwarf Layer, White Leghorn, Silky fowl, Beijing-you chicken, and Shouguang chicken, were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and 2.5% flaxseed oil (FSO) groups to compare the difference in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in eggs. The contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and total n-3 PUFA in eggs were increased (p < 0.05) in the FSO groups. The ALA (4.28%), DHA (2.03%), and total n-3 PUFA (6.46%) contents in eggs of Dwarf Layer were the highest among the five breeds (p < 0.05). To further verify if other functional nutrients also have such differences, 600 24-week-old White Leghorn and Dwarf Layer were allocated to four groups: CON, FSO, 0.02% selenium-enriched yeast (SEY), and 0.20% marigold flower extract (MFE), in Trial 2. The content of functional nutrients in eggs was significantly increased (p < 0.05) after feeding these additions. After feeding FSO, the eggs of the Dwarf Layer had a higher n-3 PUFA content than the White Leghorn (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in selenium and lutein content in different breeds. Performance and egg quality were not negatively impacted by FSO, SEY, or MFE.

Thermal and spectroscopic profiles variation of cold-pressed raspberry seed oil studied by DSC, UV/VIS, and FTIR techniques

The characteristics of six cold-pressed raspberry seed oils, investigated by melting and crystallization phase transition analysis using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV–VIS and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, as well as the fatty acid composition, was the aim of this study. Two groups of oils samples were investigated: commercial (I-group) and laboratory-pressed (L-group). UV/VIS and FTIR spectra of raspberry seed oil revealed important wavelength and wavenumber ranges to indicate qualitative differences between I- and L-group. Regardless of the scanning rates, DSC melting curves were more suitable for detecting differences in raspberry seed oils than crystallization profiles. Based on the Principal component analysis of UV–VIS, FTIR and DSC data two groups of oils were distinguished. Fatty acids by GC analysis confirmed differences between oils, since the commercial oils exhibited a lower ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids than L-group oils. The obtained results provide practical information on the usefulness of DSC profiles and FTIR spectra for the comprehensive characterization of cold-pressed raspberry seed oils, especially in the field of B2B industries that need rapid and non-targeted instruments to confirm the authenticity of the purchased product.

Study on the Performance and Mechanism of Cold-Recycled Asphalt Based on Permeable Recycling Agent.

In order to investigate the influence of recycling agent composition on the recycling effect of aged asphalt in the cold recycling process, the design and optimization of cold recycling agent composition were performed through the central composite design-response surface method combined with the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test and the bending beam rheometer (BBR) test. The molecular weight distribution and component changes in aged asphalt before and after the addition of a cold recycling agent were also analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and hydrogen-flame ionization test. The results showed that the permeable cold recycling agent has a recycling effect on the aged asphalt, but its effectiveness is greatly affected by recycling agent composition. The best recycling effect was achieved when the ratio of aromatic oil and penetrant in the cold recycling agent was 61.2:38.8, respectively. In terms of the recycling agent and aromatic functional groups in the aromatic oil, the aromatics in the recycling agent are derived from the aromatic oils, and the penetrant is only fused and permeated with the aromatic oils. After the admixture of the cold recycling agent, the penetrant in the recycling agent allows the aromatic oil to enter the aged asphalt at room temperature. The light components volatilized by aging are replenished, allowing the aged asphalt to recover some of its properties.

JURASSIC PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN THE LUSITANIAN BASIN, PORTUGAL: NEW INSIGHTS BASED ON OIL – SOURCE ROCK CORRELATIONS

New stable carbon isotope and biomarker data for oils and source rock extracts from the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal, were studied in order to investigate the petroleum systems which are present there. The new analytical data was combined with data presented in previous publications, and oil‐oil and oil‐ source rock correlations were carried out. Three genetic groups of oils (Groups 1, 2 and 3), belonging to three different petroleum systems, were identified:Group 1 oils occur in the northern sector of the Lusitanian Basin and were generated by the Coimbra Formation (Sinemurian) source rock. Reservoir rocks for oils in this group are the Coimbra, Água de Madeiros (upper Sinemurian – lower Pliensbachian), Boa Viagem (Kimmeridgian –Tithonian) and Figueira da Foz (upper Aptian – Cenomanian) Formations. Other potential source rocks in the northern sector of the basin, such as the Polvoeira Member of the Água de Madeiros Formation and the Marly Limestones with Organic Facies (MLOF) Member of the Vale das Fontes Formation (Pliensbachian), had biomarker characteristics which differed from those of the Group 1 oils and did not therefore generate them.Group 2 oils occur in the central and southern sectors of the basin. The source rock is the Cabaços Formation (middle Oxfordian), and reservoir rocks are the Montejunto (middle‐upper Oxfordian) and Abadia (Kimmeridgian) Formations.Group 3 is represented by an oil sample from the central sector of the Lusitanian Basin. Both the source rock and the reservoir rock for the oil are the Montejunto Formation.Geochemical data combined with the regional tectono‐stratigraphic history suggest that the generation‐migration‐accumulation of most of the oil (critical moment) in the Coimbra – Coimbra ‐ Água de Madeiros ‐ Boa Viagem ‐ Figueira da Foz (!) petroleum system occurred in the early Campanian. For the Cabaços – Montejunto ‐ Abadia (!) and Montejunto – Montejunto (!) petroleum systems, the critical moment occurred in the late Cenomanian.

Effects of repeatedly heated cooking oil consumption in mice: a study on health implications

Background: Cooking oils are a major part of human diets, but repeated use of heated oils can have detrimental effects on consumer health. This study aims to investigate the impact of different heating grades of vegetable oils on the hemato-biochemical parameters and vital organs like the heart, liver, kidney, and intestine in mice. Methods: Thirty mice were randomly assigned to different treatment groups, including a control group (diet only), unheated cooking oil (UHCO) group, single heated cooking oil (SHCO) group, three times repeatedly heated cooking oil (3RHCO) group, and repeatedly heated cooking oil (ReHCO) group. Blood and organ samples were collected on day 31 to investigate hemato-biochemical parameters and histo-morphological alterations in response to the oil treatments. Results: The oil-treated groups showed significant (P&lt;0.05) decreases in the total erythrocyte, leukocyte, and hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, serum levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, glucose, and creatinine increased significantly (P&lt;0.05), while low-density lipoprotein and protein levels dropped markedly in the treatment groups. Severe histo-morphological alterations were also found in the liver (hepatocytic degeneration with hydropic change in the 3RHCO and ReHCO groups), kidney (glomerular atrophy with increased glomerular space, tubular degeneration, and lymphocytic infiltration in the SHCO, 3RHCO, and ReHCO groups), and colon (lymphocytic infiltration in the mucosal layer of ReHCO group). Conclusions: These findings suggest that the consumption of heated oils can have severe adverse effects on consumers' health, leading to alterations in blood chemistry and damage to vital organs.

Association between dietary consumption patterns and the development of adolescent overnutrition in eastern Ethiopia: new perspectives.

Overnutrition among adolescents is becoming a major public health concern, with all the adverse consequences associated with unhealthy eating behaviors. Hence, clear evidence linking dietary consumption with the risk of overnutrition is crucial for targeted dietary recommendations using a robust statistical approach. This study assessed the link between dietary consumption patterns and the risks of overnutrition among adolescents in Ethiopia. A community-based survey was conducted on a random sample of 510 adolescents selected using a stratified random sampling via proportional allocation. Dietary consumption was captured using a validated and contextualized 80-item food frequency questionnaire over the past month through a face-to-face interview. Weight and height were measured under a standard procedure. Body Mass Index for Age Z-score (BAZ) was calculated, and BAZ above +1 was considered overnutrition. The frequency measures were standardized into daily equivalents, and dietary patterns were derived using exploratory factor analysis after checking for assumptions. A bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted with an odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals. A total of 510 participants were enrolled. Four major dietary patterns ("cereals, energy, and discretionary calory," "fat, oil, and milk groups," "proteins and vegetables," and "fruits"), explaining 66.6% of the total variation, were identified. The overall prevalence of overnutrition was 29.0% (27-31%), where 22.5 and 6.5% were overweight and obese, respectively. Physical inactivity (AOR = 6.27; 95% CI: 2.75-14.3), maternal literacy (AOR = 111.3; 95% CI: 50.0-247.8), habit of snacking (AOR = 1.80; 95% CI: 0.69-4.67), skipping meals (AOR = 2.05; 955 CI: 0.84-5.04), cereals and discretionary food dietary pattern (AOR = 2.28; 95 CI: 0.94-5.55), and protein-rich and vegetable dietary pattern (AOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 0.97-5.46) were important factors associated with odds of overnutrition. Overnutrition is a public health concern affecting one-third of adolescents, and it is closely linked with dietary consumption patterns, eating behaviors, wealth status, literacy, and level of physical activity. Therefore, public health interventions targeting unhealthy eating and lifestyles are urgently needed to curb the increasing burden of overnutrition among adolescents and its future complications.

Effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil on full-thickness excisional skin wound healing in rats

The aim was to investigate the effects of common centaury (Centaurium erythraea) oil and laurel (Laurus nobilis) seed oil in a full-thickness excisional skin wound model in rats. In the study, 18 adult male Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n=6) as control (CO) group, common centaury oil (CCO) group, and laurel seed oil (LSO) group. Under general anesthesia, a full-thickness excisional wound (2.25 cm²) was created on the caudal of the interscapular region on the back of the rats. Treatments were applied topically once a day in all groups. Wound area measurements revealed that the use of CCO accelerated wound healing, while the use of LSO has disturbed. In the histopathological results, blood vessel formation, fiber synthesis, granulation and mononuclear cells in the wounds were higher in the CCO group than the other groups, and higher in the LSO group than the CO group. Biochemical results revealed differences between groups in TP, GLU and UREA values (p &lt; 0.05). As a result of this study, it was determined that the topical use of common centaury oil accelerated wound healing, while laurel seed oil adversely affected wound healing in the experimental excisional full-thickness skin wound model in rats.