Group WO Research Articles

The concept and context of citizenship in India

Citizenship is the most privileged kind of nationality since it allows people to live in the state in a pleasant, honourable, and harmonious manner. The term citizenship refers to the relationship between an individual and a state that entitle an individual with rights, duties, privileges and other benefits whereas noncitizens and migrated residents are denied or only partially provided. Thus, Citizenship is the privilege of the marked citizens to get benefits from the government of India through welfare and developmental programmes but crores of unmarked citizens (people from various countries have been settling in India without citizenship) are getting same benefits and privileges on par with citizens as they are living in India. Thus, the government of india have introduced CAA and NRC which are useful to identify the unmarked citizens and to make the needful acts to control unmarked citizens. If the government is failed to control the unmarked citizens, then the actual target group (Below Poverty Line people) won’t get the privileges.In this context the paper examines its central themes—concept, context and present status of citizenship in India. The objectives of this paper are firstly to analyse the concept of citizenship; secondly, to elaborate the neutral laws of citizenship along with misconceptions of citizenship acts in India particularly in the context of minorities and refugees about rendering their citizenship in India. The study has collected secondary data both qualitative and quantitative data and analysed with descriptive analysis method.

Influence of three Ni-Ti cleaning and shaping files on postinstrumentation endodontic pain: A triple-blinded, randomized, controlled trial.

Aim:This randomized, controlled trial evaluated the incidence of postinstrumentation pain on using two different rotary Ni–Ti and one reciprocating Ni–Ti cleaning and shaping systems.Materials and Methods:Asfter sample size estimation, a total of 152 patients were randomized to three groups (Group WO [WaveOne], Group PU [ProTaper Universal], and Group Mt [Mtwo]). Selection of patients was based on root curvature, periapical lesion, vitality, gender, and diagnosis of the patient. A similar clinical protocol was followed and endodontic treatment was performed. Pre- and post-instrumentation pain scores (2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 36, and 48 h) were recorded using visual analog scale score. Kruskal–Wallis test was done for overall comparison of the groups. Bonferroni-corrected Mann–Whitney test was done for pair-wise comparisons and Friedman test was done to compare pain between time points in each file system (P < 0.05).Results:All preinstrumentation pain values were higher than postinstrumentation pain values (P < 0.05). At 48 h, patients in Group WO experienced more pain compared to the other two groups. Pain scores of nonvital teeth were significantly higher when compared to vital teeth. Among nonvital teeth, patients in Group WO had early onset of pain at 6 h and lasted till 48 h, whereas pain started at 12 h and lasted till 36 and 48 h for Group Mt and Group PU, respectively.Conclusion:Patients treated with WaveOne files experienced more pain when compared to the other files. Nonvital teeth experienced more pain compared to vital teeth. Group Mt had the lowest postinstrumentation pain.

TRAMP prostate tumor growth is slowed by walnut diets through altered IGF-1 levels, energy pathways, and cholesterol metabolism.

Dietary changes could potentially reduce prostate cancer morbidity and mortality. Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) prostate tumor responses to a 100 g of fat/kg diet (whole walnuts, walnut oil, and other oils; balanced for macronutrients, tocopherols [α-and γ]) for 18 weeks ad libitum were assessed. TRAMP mice (n=17 per group) were fed diets with 100 g fat from either whole walnuts (diet group WW), walnut-like fat (diet group WLF, oils blended to match walnut's fatty acid profile), or as walnut oil (diet group WO, pressed from the same walnuts as WW). Fasted plasma glucose was from tail vein blood, blood was obtained by cardiac puncture, and plasma stored frozen until analysis. Prostate (genitourinary intact [GUI]) was weighed and stored frozen at -80°C. Plasma triglyceride, lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma multianalyte levels (Myriad RBM Rat Metabolic MAP), prostate (GUI), tissue metabolites (Metabolon, Inc., Durham, NC, USA), and mRNA (by Illumina NGS) were determined. The prostate tumor size, plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), high density lipoprotein, and total cholesterol all decreased significantly (P<.05) in both WW and WO compared to WLF. Both WW and WO versus WLF showed increased insulin sensitivity (Homeostasis Model Assessment [HOMA]), and tissue metabolomics found reduced glucose-6-phosphate, succinylcarnitine, and 4-hydroxybutyrate in these groups suggesting effects on cellular energy status. Tissue mRNA levels also showed changes suggestive of altered glucose metabolism with WW and WO diet groups having increased PCK1 and CIDEC mRNA expression, known for their roles in gluconeogenesis and increased insulin sensitivity, respectively. WW and WO group tissues also had increased MSMB mRNa a tumor suppressor and decreased COX-2 mRNA, both reported to inhibit prostate tumor growth. Walnuts reduced prostate tumor growth by affecting energy metabolism along with decreased plasma IGF-1 and cholesterol. These effects are not due to the walnut's N-3 fatty acids, but due to component(s) found in the walnut's fat component.

Dentinal Damage and Fracture Resistance of Oval Roots Prepared with Single-file Systems Using Different Kinematics

IntroductionVertical root fracture is a common finding in endodontically treated teeth, notably oval roots. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of instrumentation kinematics and the material of instrument construction of single-file systems on dentin walls and fracture resistance of oval roots. MethodsSixty-five roots with oval canals were allocated into a control group (n = 5) and 3 experimental groups of 20 roots each. Group WO was instrumented with the WaveOne primary file (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland), group PT-Rec was prepared with F2 ProTaper files (Dentsply Maillefer, Baillagues, Switzerland) used in a reciprocating motion, and group PT-Rot was prepared with F2 ProTaper files used in a rotation motion. For crack evaluation, half of the samples (n = 30) were embedded in acrylic resin, and the blocks were sectioned at 3, 6, and 9 mm from the apex. The sections were examined under a stereomicroscope and scored for crack presence. The other half of the specimens (n = 30) were obturated using lateral condensation of gutta-percha and AdSeal sealer (Meta Biomed Co, Ltd, Chungbuk, Korea). The specimens were then subjected to a load of 1 mm/min to determine the force required to fracture the roots. ResultsWaveOne instruments induced the least amount of cracks and exhibited greatest resistance to fracture compared with ProTaper F2 files whether used in reciprocating or rotating motions. ConclusionsThe alloy from which the material is manufactured is a more important factor determining the dentin damaging potential of single-file instruments than the motion of instrumentation.

The effect of interfacial tension on secondary drop formation in electro-coalescence of water droplets in oil

The coalescence of water droplets in oils may be enhanced by application of an electric field. This approach is commonly used in the crude oil and petroleum industry to separate water from crude oil. However, the process could lead to the formation of fine secondary droplets during the process of coalescence. This is obviously undesirable, as it becomes more difficult to separate finer water droplets. In this work the effects of interfacial tension, manipulated by the use of surfactants, and electric field strength on the formation of secondary droplets are investigated. Two competing processes of necking and pumping determine whether secondary droplets are formed. The dimensionless groups Weber Number (describing droplet deformation and necking due to the electric field) and Ohnesorge Number (describing the pumping of water into the continuous phase in the process of coalescence) may be coupled to give a new dimensionless group WO, describing the volume fraction of secondary droplets that are formed. WO Number describes the ratio of the electrical stress energy that causes necking over the energy required for pumping the viscous fluid out of the droplets. For a wide range of interfacial tensions, brought about by the use of non-ionic and anionic surfactants and electric field strengths, a good unification of data is obtained. The outcome of this work will be useful for optimizing the design of the electro-coalescence systems.

Vibrational spectra of sodium gadolinium tungstate NaGd(WO 4) 2 single crystals: Observation of spatial dispersion

Room temperature polarized Raman scattering and infrared reflectance spectra of a NaGd(WO 4) 2 single crystal have been measured. The IR spectra interpretation was aided by a Kramers-Krönig analysis, and fitted to the independent oscillator model. All 13 theoretically expected Raman-active bands have been identified and assigned, as well as 7 out of 8 expected IR active bands. Splitting of bands in both Raman and IR clearly indicates a lowering of the crystal symmetry due to occupation disorder in the 4 a site, that randomly accommodates either an Na + or a Gd 3+ ion. The reflectance IR spectra reveal a spatial dispersion, namely a dependence of the transverse optical (TO) polariton frequencies, on the propagation direction in the crystal. The crystal vibrational modes are correlated to the internal modes of the tungstate group WO 4 2−, and to the internal modes of the molecular skeleton. A detailed correlation map of the symmetry analysis is presented.

APIs with an Appetite

Dear KV, This may sound funny to you, but one of my co-workers recently called one of my designs fat. My project is to define a set of database APIs that will be used by all kinds of different front-end Web services to store and retrieve data. The problem is that a one-size-fits-all approach can’t work because each customer of the system has different needs. Some are storing images, some are storing text, sound, video, and just about anything else you can imagine. In the current design each type of data has its own specific set of APIs to store, search, retrieve, and manipulate its own type of data. If I constrain the API too much, then some group won’t be able to use it and will build its own local API. That means we will lose the advantages of having a central store for all different types of data. As it stands now, there are about 500 different API calls in the library. Is that too fat?

Neovascular membranes associated with idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis.

To report the visual outcome in patients with a neovascular membrane (NVM) associated with idiopathic juxtafoveolar telangiectasis (IJFT). We performed a retrospective, noncomparative analysis of 26 eyes of 16 patients with an NVM associated with bilateral IJFT (Gass classification group 2A). Eyes were divided into 2 groups: group WO (n = 11) included eyes with IJFT without evidence of an NVM on initial examination; eyes in group W (n = 15) had an NVM at the initial diagnosis of IJFT. In group WO, the initial visual acuity and the time between the initial examination to the diagnosis of an NVM were evaluated. Characteristic fundus findings, including the presence or absence of a chorioretinal anastomosis, intraretinal pigmentary plaques, and crystalline deposits, as well as the final visual acuity were reviewed for both groups. The initial visual acuity for eyes in group WO ranged from 20/20 to 20/70 (median, 20/30); in group W, from 20/20 to 4/200 (median, 20/70). The average time from initial diagnosis of IJFT to the development of an NVM was 73 months (range, 5-142 months). In group WO, chorioretinal anastomosis and concurrent perivascular retinal pigment epithelial hyperplasia were observed before the development of an NVM. The final visual acuity for all eyes ranged from 20/40 to 2/200 (median, 20/200). Eighty-one percent of eyes (21/26) had a final visual acuity of 20/200 or worse. The stable final visual acuity in patients with an NVM associated with IJFT is generally poor, with 80% of eyes in this series having a final visual acuity of l20/200 or worse. In patients with IJFT, the presence of a chorioretinal anastomosis and retinal pigment epithelial hyperplastic plaques always preceded the development of an NVM.

Effects of verbal pretraining and overt verbalization on discrimination learning in preschool children

Three groups of preschool children received relevant verbal pretraining followed by a simultaneous discrimination learning task in which two irrelevant dimensions varied within settings. In Group B, the irrelevant dimensions varied between settings in pretraining, whereas in both Group W and Group WO, the irrelevant dimensions varied within settings during pretraining. The latter groups differed only in that Group WO was required to name the relevant dimensional values overtly during discrimination learning. Discrimination performance in Group W was significantly superior to that in Group B and did not differ from that in Group WO. The results are consistent with either or both of the following assumptions: (1) Irrelevant dimensional responses were extinguished during pretraining in Group W; (2) stimulus novelty increased the occurrence of irrelevant dimensional responses during discrimination learning in Group B.