Group Therapy Research Articles

Examining the Effect of "Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Group Therapy" on Social Functioning in Individuals with Schizophrenia: Randomized Controlled Study

The aim of the randomized controlled study was to examine the effect of instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) group therapy on social functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. A total of 30 individuals with schizophrenia were randomly assigned to two groups, intervention group (n = 15) and control group (n = 15). All participants received standard mental health services, while the intervention group also received 45 minutes of IADL group therapy. The intervention group had significant improvements, compared to the control group in the areas of IADL, social engagement, and interpersonal behavior. IADL group therapy is recommended for use in patients with schizophrenia.

Veterans' perspectives on two transdiagnostic group workshops to improve military to civilian reintegration: A comparative thematic analysis.

Veterans deployed in the post-9/11 wars in Iraq and Afghanistan (Operations Enduring Freedom, Iraqi Freedom, and New Dawn) face a multitude of challenges reintegrating into civilian life after military service. There is a need for evidence-based support programs to address the wide-reaching cognitive, psychological, and physical symptoms that can impede civilian reintegration. The present study incorporates quantitative and qualitative methods to assess veterans' experiences with two reintegration treatments (Short-Term Executive Plus-Home [SH] and Present Centered Group Therapy for Reintegration [PCGT-R]) within the context of a larger randomized clinical trial. A total of 131 veterans ages 24-65 years, drawn from the SH (n = 66) and PCGT-R (n = 65) treatment arms, completed quantitative feedback forms and qualitative interviews. Quantitative surveys indicated SH was more highly rated than PCGT-R in terms of program satisfaction (p < .01), helpfulness (p = .03), and connection to other Veterans Affairs (VA) services (ps < .05). Thematic qualitative analysis indicated that both interventions provided beneficial social support and that both groups appreciated online implementation. They also revealed that SH veterans acquired more emotion regulation and impulse control skills and reported greater willingness to engage in further VA treatments, than PCGT-R veterans. Dropout did not differ significantly between groups, and the most highly cited reasons for dropout among both groups were scheduling conflict and dislike of group formats. Findings emphasize the opportunity for group and skills-based interventions focused on reintegration to increase support and access to VA care among veterans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Development of Psychological Support Programs for Military Personnel Considering Combat Experience (Ukrainian Case)

Introduction: Russian aggression against Ukraine has revealed the need not only to counter direct military aggression, but also in the development of effective programs for psychological support of those soldiers who directly performed their duties on the contact line. The purpose of the article is to explore approaches to the development of psychological support programs for military personnel (on the example of Ukraine).Methods: To realize this goal, the method of content analysis of professional scientific literature and the method of comparison were used, that allowed us to trace changes in the understanding of the ways of reintegrating veterans of into society and peaceful life.Results: It was found that the inclusion of educational elements in psychological support programs will contribute to accelerate the recovery process and allow for the partial involvement of servicemen to their rehabilitation. The main components of psychological support programs psychological support programs include individual and group psychotherapy, psychotherapeutic interventions, reintegration programs, educational activities, and accessibility of assistance. The experience of Ukraine has shown that the use of collective support and active involvement of specialists in the development and testing of reintegration programs has a positive impact.Conclusions: To further implement effective programs of psychological support and reintegration psychological support and reintegration programs, it is necessary to provide additional social guarantees to help servicemen find their place in civilian life after completing their service.

Self Help Groups as a Support System: Their Influence on Stress Levels in New Nursing Students

New students must adapt to a new environment because of the differences in the nature of education in Senior High School (SMA) and college. If students are unable to meet the demands in college, it can cause stress. One of the therapeutic activities that aims to improve and maintain mental health in students is Self Help Group (SHG) therapy . The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Self Help Group (SHG) on stress levels in new students of the Nursing Study Program at the University of Muhammadiyah Gresik. This study uses a one group pretest-posttest approach. The population is 48 new students of the Nursing Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Gresik, class of 2023. The sampling technique uses total sampling , with the research sample being all new students of the Nursing Study Program. Data collection uses questionnaires and Self Help Group (SHG) therapy observation sheets. Data analysis uses the parametric statistical test of the paired T-test (Paired Sample T-Test). The results of the study on stress levels before being given Self Help Group (SHG) therapy were that almost half of the students experienced severe stress as many as 21 (48.8%) and after being given Self Help Group (SHG) therapy, almost half of them experienced a decrease in severe stress levels in new students as many as 16 (37.2%) students. The results of the Paired Sample T-Test statistical test obtained a ρ value of 0.038 &lt;α 0.05. There is an influence of Self Help Group (SHG) on stress levels in new students of the Nursing Science Study Program, Muhammadiyah University of Gresik.

Occupational therapy practice in psychiatric day hospitals: A scoping review

Introduction: The aim of this scoping review was to explore whether clear guidelines for the practice of occupational therapists in psychiatric day hospitals exist, both locally and globally. Methodology: Searches were conducted in January 2024; 38 articles were screened and 22 were identified for data extraction. Articles were imported onto Covidence software. Data charting was done, and data were exported into a Microsoft Excel sheet, where content analysis was performed based on the review’s objectives. Synthesis of the results was done through discussion and reported according to the PRISMA for Scoping Reviews guidelines. Results: Thirty-eight articles were included but only 22 were relevant. Group therapy, individualised therapy, vocational and community workshops were identified as common modes of intervention in psychiatric day hospitals. Occupation-based activities are integral to intervention. However, there was no explicit definition regarding the role of occupational therapy and practice guidelines for psychiatric day hospitals. Conclusion: The general scope of occupational therapy remains the same for overnight hospitals, day hospitals and community-based centres. It is mainly occupation-centred, function-orientated, and patient-centred. However, there remains ambiguity on specific practice principles and guidelines that clearly define the role of occupational therapists in day hospitals. There is a need for occupational therapy practice guidelines specific for psychiatric day hospitals. Implications for Practice The study provides valuable insights into the current knowledge and availability regarding the role and scope of practice for occupational therapy in the rapidly expanding psychiatric day hospital setting, emphasising areas for further development. Tangible evidence was identified on therapeutic principles, practice approaches, program content, and guidance for resource allocation in psychiatric day hospitals, which can be translated into practical guidelines. Ultimately, the results inform occupational therapy service delivery, solidify the profession’s role in psychiatric care, and contribute towards National Health Insurance (NHI) policy development.

Jungian Psychodrama and Nursing Education.

Nursing, by its philosophy, is the process of providing quality care with an existential, humanitarian and holistic approach. In this context, nursing education aims to develop the intellectual, emotional and social skills of students to the greatest extent by reinforcing them with ideals. The psychodrama method, which can be a significant part of the therapeutic process of individuation and self-realisation, may be seen as a way for this. Psychodrama, which is a group psychotherapy method, is practiced worldwide under different styles and schools for the therapeutic processes of individuals. Jungian psychodrama is an approach that combines analytical psychology and drama therapy and aims to discover and transform the inner worlds of individuals. This article discusses the fundamental concepts and principles of Jungian psychodrama, the relationships of psychodrama with the profession of nursing, education in this profession and how Jungian psychodrama can be employed in nursing.

Short-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic injection of low dose of sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate injection for type GOV1 gastric varices combined with endoscopic variceal ligation for esophageal varices.

To explore the short-term efficacy and safety of endoscopic low dose injection of sclerotherapy and cyanoacrylate for gastric varices (GVs) combined with endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) for esophageal varices (EVs) in cirrhosis with type GOV1 varices. A total of 521 patients with cirrhosis and GOV1 varices, who were divided into emergence endoscopy treatment layer and secondary prophylaxis for rebleeding layer, were selected. All patients underwent combined therapy or EVL alone (ligation therapy) for the treatment of type GOV1 varices. The baseline between the two groups with significant differences were used as covariates for 1:1 propensity score matching. The early rebleeding rate was compared and the risk factors for rebleeding were identified in each layer. After propensity score matching, a total of 122 patients were included in the emergence endoscopy treatment layer, and 234 patients were included in the secondary prophylaxis layer. The early rebleeding rates in the combined therapy group vs. ligation therapy group was 4.92% vs. 16.39% (P = 0.04) and 2.56% vs. 1.71% (P = 0.65) in the emergency endoscopy layer and in the secondary prophylaxis layer, respectively. The median length of hospital stay after endoscopy was 8days vs. 9days (P = 0.004) and 7days vs. 6days (P = 0.47), in each layer respectively. There was no significant difference in the adverse reactions of endoscopic treatment. EVL treatment (OR: 3.84; 95% CI: 1.05-13.96; P = 0.04) and discontinuation of NSBB (non-selective beta-blocker) use after discharge (OR: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.20-10.67; P = 0.02) were independent risk factors for early rebleeding after endoscopy in the emergency endoscopy layer. Combined therapy is comparable with ligation therapy in the short-term efficacy and safety of in cirrhosis patients with secondary prophylaxis for rebleeding while it is superior to EVL alone in cirrhosis in the emergency endoscopy treatment as it could reduce the early rebleeding rate and shorten the length of hospital stay.

Neuropsychological Functions in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Patients and the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy

Neuropsychological Functions in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder Patients and the Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Group Therapy

A modified intensive, comprehensive aphasia program (mICAP) has better reported outcomes than usual care: a randomized controlled trial

ABSTRACT Background Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Programs (ICAPs) are a new model of service delivery that show promising pre-post outcomes but have yet to be compared with usual care. Aim To compare the clinical effectiveness of a modified Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program (mICAP) to usual care in a parallel two arm study utilizing stratified block randomisation. Methods & Procedures Participants were a referred sample with post stroke aphasia from ten local speech pathology departments. Assessments were completed prior to, immediately after, and follow up at 3 months after the mICAP. While 269 participants with aphasia were approached for the study, only 52 were eligible to be randomised with 113 participants approached not meeting selection criteria and 99 of eligible participants declining to participate. Block randomization was based on matched moderate/mild versus severe aphasia pairs. Three of the 26 mICAP participants withdrew. In the experimental arm of the mICAP (the LIFT program), participants with aphasia and their family attended goal directed tailored therapy three times weekly for 8 weeks. Therapy included 14 hours each of impairment therapy, functional communication therapy, and computer therapy and 7 hours of group therapy and a challenge task. The main outcome measures were the self-reported Assessment for Living with Aphasia (ALA) and Content Information Units (#CIU’s) in connected speech. Outcomes & Results Linear Mixed Modelling was completed on the remaining 42 participants’ data and found a significant benefit for the mICAP on the ALA Total score (p= .014; 95% CI= −21.48- −2.57) ALA Aphasia domain (p = .027; 95% CI= −3.23 - −0.203), ALA Environment domain (p = .017; 95% CI= −4.70 - −0.493) immediately post intervention with maintenance of effects for the ALA Aphasia domain in the follow up period (p = .014; 95% CI= −3.64 - −0.438). Family members in the mICAP reported significant reduction in caregiving burden in the follow up period (p= .017; CI= −14.12 - −1.52.). There were no significant differences on the other main outcome measure of Content Information Units (95% CI= −34.94 – 55.15). Conclusions For those suitable and interested, the mICAP was more beneficial than usual care for participants with aphasia and their family members. However, lack of significant differences in discourse and other language functions, suggests that individual elements of mICAPs and their evaluation require review. Based on these results, the LIFT program has been refined to become the Comprehensive High-dose Aphasia Therapy (CHAT) program.

Comprehensive redesign of a rehabilitation program at Runnymede Healthcare Centre.

The redesign of the rehabilitation program at Runnymede Healthcare Centre (RHC) was designed to enhance patient care, staff satisfaction, and rehabilitation capacity. Aligned with RHC's strategic vision to become a centre of excellence for ageing and wellness, the initiative introduced a range of initiatives such as group therapy models, specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound rehabilitation goals, and enhanced leadership practices under the healthy engagement of older adults in rehabilitation therapy philosophy. Evaluation was integral to the initiative, with patient satisfaction, staff engagement, and key performance indicators continuously measured. Patient satisfaction scores, operational efficiency metrics, and staff engagement scores improved considerably. This project exemplifies how structured change management and embedded evaluation can lead to sustained improvements in patient care, staff experience, and rehabilitation outcomes.

Modified dialectical behavior therapy–informed transdiagnostic intervention for emotional disorders: protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAnxiety and depressive disorders, characterized by high incidence and functional impairments, are emotional disorders with shared etiological and maintenance mechanisms. Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is a promising approach for the transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders. Developing a brief DBT intervention can facilitate the adoption of evidence-based therapy.MethodsThis protocol is for a 3-year single-blinded, two-arm randomized controlled trial. Individuals with depressive or anxiety disorder will be randomly allocated to a modified DBT–informed transdiagnostic psychotherapy group or a treatment-as-usual group. The intervention group will receive DBT individual therapy for 15 weeks. Power analyses revealed that the cohort should include a minimum of 250 participants. Preintervention, postintervention, and follow-up (after 3 months) assessments will be conducted. Primary outcomes will be severities of depression and anxiety rated by blind assessors. Intent-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be conducted using the hierarchical linear model. Effect sizes will be estimated using Cohen’s d.ResultTo the best of our knowledge, the proposed study will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of a modified DBT intervention in managing transdiagnostic emotional disorders in Chinese individuals.ConclusionThis intervention is expected to improve clinical outcomes, daily functioning, and quality of life. The trial will enrich the empirical evidence for transdiagnostic interventions, facilitating the implementation of evidence-based therapy and reducing the high prevalence and challenges (e.g., disability) of emotional disorders in the Chinese population.Trial registration numberNCT05989451

Effectiveness of a multi-component sleep-mood group intervention on improving insomnia in university students - a pilot randomized controlled trial.

Sleep and mental health problems are very common in university students. The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a multi-component sleep-mood intervention on improving sleep and mental health in university students with clinically significant insomnia symptoms, and to investigate possible mediators. Thirty-five participants were randomized to the Sleep Mood Intervention: Live Effectively (SMILE) intervention (n = 23), or wait-list group (n = 12). SMILE is a multi-component group therapy and includes elements of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), mindfulness, and lifestyle modifications, in four weekly two-hour sessions. The primary outcome was insomnia severity. Secondary outcomes were severity of depression and anxiety, and quality of life (QoL). Dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep and pre-sleep arousal were assessed as mediators. Intention-to-treat analysis showed significant time x treatment interaction on insomnia symptoms p = .02, partial η²=0.15, d = 0.84 [95% CI: 0.63 to 1.14], with significantly lower insomnia severity for SMILE compared to waitlist at post-test. No significant effects were found on depression d = 0.02 [95% CI: -0.35 to 0.37], anxiety d = 0.15 [95% CI: -0.16 to 0.53], and QoL d = 0.09 [95% CI: -0.25 to 0.42]. Dysfunctional beliefs mediated the effect on insomnia severity, but pre-sleep arousal did not. This integrated group intervention is associated with reductions in insomnia symptoms in university students. Since no significant effects were detected on mood and QoL, future studies with larger sample size may explore the effects of this intervention on these outcomes. Registry: Overzicht van Medisch-wetenschappelijk Onderzoek. NL-OMON46359. Date of registration: September 18th, 2018.

Терапия расстройств пищевого поведения: от исследований к практике

&lt;p&gt;This digest reviews recent significant changes that can play a role in the treatment of eating disorders. It also contains proposals on improving the efficacy of treatment in general and investigation of the outcome of intensive treatment and psychodynamic group therapy for patients with eating disorders.&lt;/p&gt;

Virtual connection and real community: the qualitative experience of participating in a videoconferencing-based psychotherapy group for postpartum depression and anxiety

BackgroundGroup psychotherapy, an effective treatment for common postpartum mental disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety), has increasingly been delivered virtually since the pandemic. This study aims to understand experiential aspects of participating in videoconferencing-based group psychotherapy in the postpartum period.MethodsOur urban academic ambulatory hospital has delivered group psychotherapy for women (cis and trans) and non-binary individuals of female sex with postpartum depressive and anxiety symptomatology via videoconferencing since 2020. One therapist-facilitator conducts weekly 60-min group therapy sessions with 5-6 participants for eight weeks. Group participants were invited to complete a semi-structured qualitative interview on their experience. Using an interpretive description approach, we conducted reflexive thematic analysis to code anonymized transcripts and construct themes. Facilitator interviews were used for triangulation and additional context.ResultsOf 134 patients in video psychotherapy groups over 11 months, 14 completed an interview, as did all group facilitators (n = 3). Overall, participants felt the experience with videoconferencing group therapy was beneficial for their mental health. Three themes were constructed: (1) “Moving Towards a New Normal”: The group helped participants normalize feelings and experiences around transition to parenthood, and accessing health care virtually was now considered to be normal practice, although some wanted an element of choice. (2) “Virtual Connection, Real Community”: Connections were made virtually, yet participants felt a real sense of community. Facilitators played an important role fostering an environment in which participants could create lasting bonds. Participants noted challenges with feeling comfortable virtually and provided pragmatic and structural suggestions for enhancing the creation of community. (3) “Trade-offs to Virtual Engagement”: Participants made positive and negative trade-offs (e.g. no informal interactions, travel, isolation at home, childcare challenges) to maximize their experience and were able to be more authentic in their self-presentation to the group.ConclusionsPeople with postpartum depression and anxiety who participated in videoconferencing-based group psychotherapy appreciated the sense of community within their groups to normalize their experience transitioning to parenthood. Participants had to make trade-offs to access virtual groups, but felt the experience was worthwhile and helped improve their mental health. Findings will help inform continued delivery of virtual group mental health services.

Patient Experiences With Group Teletherapy for the Treatment of Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study.

The authors sought to understand patient experiences with group teletherapy to inform improvements in service delivery. From December 2022 to October 2023, semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 adults with depression or bipolar disorder who had received outpatient group teletherapy in the past 2 years. A rapid thematic analysis was conducted by using a matrix to identify patterns and synthesize data. A logic model from the patients' perspective was developed by extracting common themes related to elements of effective group teletherapy. Telehealth allowed for more empowered engagement in group teletherapy and enabled better access and longitudinal attendance for many patients, compared with in-person group therapy. However, many patients reported a reduced sense of emotional intimacy and connectedness with telehealth, and some reported that technology challenges and distractions contributed to feelings of disconnection. Patients were divided in their modality preferences, but many expressed an interest in receiving at least some of their group therapy sessions by telehealth. Although group teletherapy has the potential to meet patients' needs and preferences, more work is needed to improve the quality of the experience for patients.

Effect of group psychotherapy on self-care skills in schizophrenia

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a serious neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorder that places a considerable strain on the healthcare system on a national, regional, and global scale. This study's objective was to measure the level of self-care among individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, to develop, implement, and evaluate the impact of 3 month group therapy on self-care skills in this specific group of patients. The sample comprised 120 individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, with 60 assigned to study group (receiving group therapy) and 60 to control group (without group therapy). The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and The Exercise of Self-Care Agency Scale (ESCAS) were administered to all subjects. The study group observed a substantial decrease in the mean score of positive symptoms, negative symptoms, and symptoms of general psychopathology from baseline assessment to follow-up assessment.ResultsDuring the follow-up assessment, the study group exhibited a reduction in the mean of PANNS subscales by more than half and increase more than double in total score of ESCAS compared to the baseline assessment. Consequently, only the study group achieved a 70% increase in self-care in follow-up assessment. Increased self-care was more likely in patients who participated in the program, as indicated by the regression model.ConclusionsIndividuals with schizophrenia who underwent group therapy exhibited a significant decrease in positive, negative symptoms, and symptoms of general psychopathology. In addition, the implementation of group therapy led to a noticeable improvement in self-care skills compared to those without group therapy.

Communication-oriented group therapy for non-progressive dysarthria: A randomised controlled trial in an inpatient setting

Purpose To examine the effectiveness of communication-oriented group therapy for non-progressive dysarthria regarding functional speech and communicative participation. Method Prospective two-arm randomised controlled trial, targeting communication-oriented dysarthria group therapy (DGT). A non-specific social group program served as the control condition/group (CG). Participants’ speech was assessed immediately before and after completing the respective three week program, using a standardised diagnostic test (objective outcome measure). Participants rated the extent of their communication participation immediately before and after group therapy, as well as three months after program completion (subjective outcome measure). Result Fifty-six persons aged 40–88 years with mild to severe dysarthria (median duration 29 days) from an inpatient facility participated. Prior to the intervention, self-rated communication participation correlated with severity of dysarthria. Immediately after the intervention, DGT participants achieved significantly higher scores than the CG on both outcome measures. After three months, the difference between groups in the subjective outcome measure was no longer significant. Conclusion Participation in DGT resulted in improved speech and better communication participation. Results suggest that three weeks may be too short to ensure maintenance of treatment gains. Also, reduced opportunity for social interaction due to COVID-19 restrictions may have influenced the results.

BH, tech collaboration aims to transform telehealth, online group therapy

A behavioral health organization and a provider of virtual classrooms and online solutions have collaborated to offer patients evidence‐based mental health and addiction treatment through an interactive and online option. Officials, who announced the partnership in September, said the effort delivers personalized individual and group treatment plans in a secure, compliant and engaging online space.

Improvement in symptoms of anxiety and depression in individuals with type 2 diabetes: retrospective analysis of an intensive lifestyle modification program

BackgroundType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder that has a notable influence on mental well-being, contributing to elevated morbidity and mortality rates. Depression and anxiety disorders are the most common mental health concerns among patients with T2D worldwide. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the impact of an online intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) on mental health outcomes (depression and anxiety) in patients with T2D in India.Materials and methodsThis retrospective pre-post analysis included adult patients (aged > 18 years) diagnosed with T2D who were enrolled in a diabetes management program in India between June 2021 and June 2023. The intervention consisted of lifestyle modifications such as a customized plant-based diet, regular physical activity, psychological support through group and individual therapy, and medical management. Data were extracted from the electronic database of the clinic, including anthropometry, medical history, biochemical parameters, symptoms of depression, and anxiety (assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 (GAD-7) scale) at the start and end of the six-month intervention period.ResultsOf the 1061 eligible patients (177 with prediabetes), 40.3% were female. The mean age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1c levels were 52 ± 10.4 years, 9.8 ± 7.8 years, and 8 ± 1.7%, respectively. The prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety (ranging from mild to severe) was 46% and 44.3%, respectively, which reduced to 28.7% and 29.2%, respectively, post-intervention.ConclusionIntegrated ILI successfully improved the symptoms of anxiety and depression, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes diet, physical activity, psychological support, and medical management in enhancing mental health outcomes among patients with T2D. Future prospective studies are needed to explore the long-term effects of such interventions and develop effective strategies for promoting mental health in diverse populations.Trial registrationThe study was approved by the Freedom from Diabetes Research Foundation Institutional Ethics Committee (approval number FFDRF/IEC/2024/7) and registered in the Clinical Trials Registry of India (CTRI/2024/03/064596, registered on March 21, 2024).

Fostering trust - a qualitative outcome study of psychodynamic group and individual psychotherapy for refugees with PTSD.

Background: Refugees and asylum-seekers have an elevated risk of mental health issues, such as depression and posttraumatic stress. Qualitative outcome studies can contribute by offering insight into patients' experiences of what they find beneficial and how they undergo the process of recovery. This study aligns with the small body of qualitative research focusing on refugees' perspectives of psychotherapeutic treatment for PTSD.Objective: This study investigates and compares the treatment experiences of refugees with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in psychoanalytic group therapy (PAGT) and individual psychodynamic therapy (PDT) within an outpatient context in Sweden.Method: 10 former patients were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed and interpreted according to the principles of grounded theory.Results: The findings reveal distinct categories for each treatment modality, being reborn for PDT and building a home for PAGT. Being reborn involved persistent intrapersonal change and lasting improvement in posttraumatic symptoms. Building a home involved a sense of belonging, support and temporary relief from posttraumatic symptoms. Participants from both treatment modalities underscored the significance of cultivating trust in therapeutic relationships.Conclusions: The study emphasises the necessity for tailored therapeutic approaches, contributing valuable insights to the limited research on effective mental health interventions for this population.