Group Set Research Articles

The effects of aligner anchorage preparation on mandibular first molars during premolar-extraction space closure with clear aligners: A finite element study

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of different aligner anchorage preparations on mandibular first molars during premolar-extraction space closure with clear aligners and to assess the effects of different modes of Class II elastics on mandibular first molars. Finite element models were constructed on the basis of cone-beam computed tomography data from an orthodontic patient. The models comprised maxilla, mandible, maxillary and mandibular teeth without first premolars, periodontal ligaments, attachments and aligners. Tooth displacement tendencies were calculated using different aligner anchorage preparations and Class II elastics on the models from the same patient. Three group sets were designed on the basis of the positions of aligner cutouts and buttons (mesiobuccal, distobuccal and lingual). Four groups were established in each of the 3 group sets. Four groups were created: (1) no elastic traction+ no anchorage preparation, (2) anchorage preparation only, (3) elastic traction only, and (4) elastic traction+ anchorage preparation. Different aligner anchorage preparations (0°, 1°, 2°, 3°) were applied on mandibular second premolars and molars. The Class II traction force was set to 100 g. With clear aligners, mandibular first molars were subject to mesial tipping, lingual tipping and intrusion. In the condition of no elastic traction, aligner anchorage preparation resulted in distal tipping, buccal tipping, and extrusion effect on mandibular first molars. Aligner anchorage preparation was more effective in the distal and lingual cutout groups than in the mesial cutout group. In the condition of Class II elastic traction, the bodily movement of mandibular first molars was achieved with a 3° anchorage preparation for the mesial cutout group and a 1.7° anchorage preparation for distal and lingual cutout groups. Absolute maximal anchorage was achieved with a 2° anchorage preparation for distal and lingual cutout groups. Clear aligner therapy caused mesial tipping, lingual tipping and intrusion of mandibular first molars during premolar-extraction space closure. Aligner anchorage preparation effectively prevented mesial and lingual tipping of mandibular molars. Distal and lingual cutout modes were more effective than mesial cutout modes in aligner anchorage preparation. For each aligner stage (0.25 mm), 1.7° aligner anchorage preparation and Class II elastics with distal or lingual cutouts led to the bodily movement of mandibular first molars, whereas 2° anchorage preparation reached absolute maximal anchorage.

Dirichlet Sub-Laplacians on Homogeneous Carnot Groups: Spectral Properties, Asymptotics, and Heat Content

Abstract We consider sub-Laplacians in open bounded sets in a homogeneous Carnot group and study their spectral properties. We prove that these operators have a pure point spectrum and prove the existence of the spectral gap. In addition, we give applications to the small ball problem for a hypoelliptic Brownian motion and the large time behavior of the heat content in a regular domain.

C1,α-regularity of quasilinear equations on the Heisenberg group

In this article, we reproduce results of classical regularity theory of quasilinear elliptic equations in the divergence form, in the setting of Heisenberg Group. The considered cases encompass a very wide class of equations with isotropic growth conditions that are generalizations of the p-Laplacian and include equations with polynomial or exponential type growth. Some more general conditions have also been explored.

Relationship between serum iPTH and peritonitis episodes in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Peritonitis is considered as one of the most serious complications that cause hospitalization in patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). There is limited evidence on the impact of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) on the first peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis episode. We aimed to investigate the influence of serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) on peritonitis in patients undergoing PD. This was a retrospective cohort study. Patients undergoing initial CAPD from a single center in China were enrolled. The baseline characteristics and clinical information were recorded. The primary outcome of interest was the occurrence of the first PD-associated peritonitis episode. Five Cox proportional hazard models were constructed in each group set. In group set 1, all participants were divided into three subgroups by tertiles of the serum concentration of iPTH; in group set 2, all participants were divided into three subgroups based on the serum concentration of iPTH with 150pg/ml interval (<150, 150-300, and >300pg/ml). Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for each model. The multivariate linear regression analysis elimination procedure assessed the association between the clinical characteristics at baseline and the iPTH levels. Restricted cubic spline models were constructed, and stratified analyses were also conducted. A total of 582 patients undergoing initial PD (40% women; mean age, 45.1±11.5years) from a single center in China were recruited. The median follow-up duration was 25.3months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, in the fully adjusted model, a higher serum iPTH level (tertile 3, iPTH>300pg/ml) was significantly associated with a higher risk of PD-associated peritonitis at 3years [tertile 3: hazard ratio (HR)=1.53, 95%CI=1.03-2.55, p=0.03; iPTH>300pg/ml: HR=1.57, 95%CI=1.08-2.27, p=0.02]. The hazard ratio for every 100pg/ml increase in serum iPTH level was 1.12 (95%CI=1.05-1.20, p<0.01) in the total cohort when treating iPTH as a continuous variable. An elevated iPTH level was significantly associated with an increased risk of peritonitis in patients undergoing CAPD.

Development and Validation of Models to Predict Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Gastric Cancer Using Logistic Regression and Gradient Boosting Machine Methods.

To identify important features of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and develop a prediction model for early gastric cancer (EGC) using a gradient boosting machine (GBM) method. The clinicopathologic data of 2556 patients with EGC who underwent gastrectomy were used as training set and the internal validation set (set 1) at a ratio of 8:2. Additionally, 548 patients with EGC who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as the initial treatment were included in the external validation set (set 2). The GBM model was constructed, and its performance was compared with that of the Japanese guidelines. LNM was identified in 12.6% (321/2556) of the gastrectomy group (training set & set 1) and 4.3% (24/548) of the ESD group (set 2). In the GBM analysis, the top five features that most affected LNM were lymphovascular invasion, depth, differentiation, size, and location. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristics of set 1 were 0.566, 0.922, 0.516, and 0.867, while those of set 2 were 0.810, 0.958, 0.803, and 0.944, respectively. When the sensitivity of GBM was adjusted to that of Japanese guidelines (beyond the expanded criteria in set 1 [0.922] and eCuraC-2 in set 2 [0.958]), the specificities of GBM in sets 1 and 2 were 0.516 (95% confidence interval, 0.502-0.523) and 0.803 (0.795-0.805), while those of the Japanese guidelines were 0.502 (0.488-0.509) and 0.788 (0.780-0.790), respectively. The GBM model showed good performance comparable with the eCura system in predicting LNM risk in EGCs.

The Toda Flow as a Porous Medium Equation

We describe the geometry of the incompressible porous medium (IPM) equation: we prove that it is a gradient dynamical system on the group of area-preserving diffeomorphisms and has a special double-bracket form. Furthermore, we show its similarities and differences with the dispersionless Toda system. The Toda flow describes an integrable interaction of several particles on a line with an exponential potential between neighbours, while its continuous version is an integrable PDE, whose physical meaning was obscure. Here we show that this continuous Toda flow can be naturally regarded as a special IPM equation, while the key double-bracket property of Toda is shared by all equations of the IPM type, thus manifesting their gradient and non-autonomous Hamiltonian origin. Finally, we comment on Toda and IPM modifications of the QR diagonalization algorithm, as well as describe double-bracket flows in an invariant setting of general Lie groups with arbitrary inertia operators.

Large minimal invariable generating sets in the finite symmetric groups

For a finite group G, let mI(G) denote the largest possible cardinality of a minimal invariable generating set of G. We prove an upper and a lower bound for mI(Sn), which show in particular that mI(Sn) is asymptotic to n/2 as n → ∞.

Cauchy–Szegö commutators on weighted Morrey spaces

AbstractIn the setting of quaternionic Heisenberg group , we characterize the boundedness and compactness of commutator for the Cauchy–Szegö operator on the weighted Morrey space with , , and . More precisely, we prove that is bounded on if and only if . And is compact on if and only if .

A Study on Economic Analysis of Independent Pillar Type Agrophotovoltaic and High Value-Added Crop Cultivation

This study entailed an economic feasibility analysis for a 100 kW agrophotovoltaic model based on the empirical data of a 20 kW independent pillar type agrophotovoltaic system and crop growth evaluation data. The blueberry growth investigation indicated the absence of any significant difference in transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter, sugar content, and acidity of the experimental and control groups. However, the sugar content of the second harvested blueberries was higher than that of the first harvest. In addition, the number of fruit set in the experimental group was 663.1, and that in the control group was 767.1. This is attributable to the delayed blooming time of blueberry flowers owing to the decrease in solar radiation caused by the shading of the agrophotovoltaic modules. The average income per 20a of blueberries, a high value-added crop, was calculated to be 20,517,000 won. The average annual power generation of 100 kW agrophotovoltaic, total generation cost, and net profit were calculated to be 130,481 kWh, 22,313,000 won, and 9,872,000 won, respectively. In addition, the revenue from the high-value-added crops of the agrophotovoltaic system was 20,517,000 won, and the net profit through power generation was calculated as 9,872,000 won, thereby indicating higher profits through crops.

Nonmeasurable products of absolutely negligible sets in uncountable solvable groups

Abstract It is shown that, for any uncountable solvable group ( G , ⋅ ) {(G,\cdot\,)} and any nonzero σ-finite left G-quasi-invariant measure μ on G, there exist two G-absolutely negligible subsets A and B of G such that the product A ⋅ B {A\cdot B} is not measurable with respect to μ.

Horizontally quasiconvex envelope in the Heisenberg group

This paper is concerned with a PDE-based approach to the horizontally quasiconvex (h-quasiconvex, for short) envelope of a given continuous function in the Heisenberg group.We provide a characterization for upper semicontinuous, h-quasiconvex functions in terms of the viscosity subsolution to a first-order nonlocal Hamilton– Jacobi equation. We also construct the corresponding envelope of a continuous function by iterating the nonlocal operator. One important step in our arguments is to prove the uniqueness and existence of viscosity solutions to the Dirichlet boundary problem for the nonlocal Hamilton–Jacobi equation. Applications of our approach to the h-convex hull of a given set in the Heisenberg group are discussed as well.

Влияние индивидуальных особенностей пациента и биометрических параметров глаза на различие показателей точечной тонометрии и тонометрии по Маклакову

Relevance. The main modifiable risk factor for the development and progression of glaucoma is intraocular pressure (IOP). For over two hundred years, there has been a search for a method for determining the level of IOP, which took into account the properties of the surface of the cornea and iatrogenic factors. Purpose. To assess the influence of individual characteristics of the eyeball on the difference in ophthalmotonometry, measured by the Maklakov's applanation method and using point contact tonometry (iCare). Material and methods. The work involved 226 patients aged 45 to 89 years (342 eyes) with a diagnosis of primary openangle glaucoma (POAG) (71 eyes) or suspected glaucoma (202 eyes). The study also used data on the observation of healthy eyes (69 eyes). The study is analytical, observational, case-control. The leading diagnoses at the time of the study were: primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and suspected glaucoma. Also, data on observation of healthy eyes were used in the work. Clinical refraction varied of ±6.0 diopters and astigmatism ±3.0 diopters. All patients underwent ophthalmic tonometry measurement using the Maklakov applanation method (with a load of 5, 10 and 15 g) and iCare point contact tonometry (Tiolat, Finland). Results. The results of point contact tonometry were relatively underestimated relative to the tonometric indicators by Maklakov's tonometry: 5 g – 4.1±4.0 (4.0 [1.0; 7.0]), 10 g – 9.7±4.0 (10.0 [6.5; 12.5]), 15 g – 14.7±4.2 (15.0 [12.0; 18.0]). Conclusion. The reasons for the difference from the Maklakov's tonometer require further study; they can be associated both with the measurement method, the patient's body position, the characteristics of the group set, and various approaches to the calibration of the tested tonometers. A positive point is the higher numbers of ophthalmotonus in Maklakov's tonometry, since this is the main screening method of ophthalmotonometry on the territory of the Russian Federation. Keywords: intraocular pressure, elastotometry, rebound tonometry, point contact tonometry, ophthalmotonometry, Maklakov's tonometer

Precisely monotone sets in step-2 rank-3 Carnot algebras

A subset of a Carnot group is said to be precisely monotone if the restriction of its characteristic function to each integral curve of every left-invariant horizontal vector field is monotone. Equivalently, a precisely monotone set is a h-convex set with h-convex complement. Such sets have been introduced and classified in the Heisenberg setting by Cheeger and Kleiner in the 2010’s. In the present paper, we study precisely monotone sets in the wider setting of step-2 Carnot groups, equivalently step-2 Carnot algebras. In addition to general properties, we prove a classification in terms of sublevel sets of h-affine functions in step-2 rank-3 Carnot algebras that can be seen as a generalization of the one obtained by Cheeger and Kleiner in the Heisenberg setting. There is however a significant difference here as it is known that, unlike the Heisenberg setting, there are sublevel sets of h-affine functions on the free step-2 rank-3 Carnot algebra that are not half-spaces.

Suspected Mycotic Aneurysm of the Aortic Arch in the Setting of Group B Strep Bacteremia

Mycotic Aneurysms are aneurysms (or pseudoaneurysms) which result from an infectious etiology. Group-B Strep (GBS) associated mycotic aneurysms are exceedingly rare and current literature varies on presentation and diagnostic criteria. This case is a rare presentation of a likely mycotic aortic arch pseudoaneurysm induced from GBS Bacteremia and cervical osteomyelitis in a 60-year-old male.

Personality traits among major depressive disorder in southern Thailand: a hospital-based case–control study

BackgroundResidual depression can cause functional impairment. This study aimed to assess personality traits among individuals with depression, to compare the results with personality traits found in outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings, and to study the association between personality traits and the age-onset of depression, duration of treatment, and the presence of depressive residual symptoms.MethodsA case–control study surveyed Thai individuals with depression and outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings at an outpatient clinic of Songklanagarind hospital, in 2022. The questionnaires were: (1) demographic data, (2) the PHQ-9 Thai version, and (3) the International Personality Item Pool-NEO (IPIP-NEO) Thai version. The difference between personality traits and the assigned clinical group were analyzed using the Student’s t-test and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. A generalized linear model was performed to examine differences of personality traits between the assigned clinical group (case–control), and the presence of depressive residual symptoms. The association between personality traits and treatment profiles was assessed by using an analysis of the variance test and the Kruskal–Wallis test.ResultsIn regards to 73 individuals with depression in the case group, and 73 gender-and age-matched outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings in the control group; 78.1% of cases and 82.2% of controls were female. Thirty-eight (52.1%) cases had depressive residual symptoms. Regarding the IPIP-NEO Thai version, there was a statistically significant difference in Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Conscientiousness domains between the case and the control groups. In comparison to the control group, the case group scored higher on the Neuroticism domain, and lower on the Extraversion and Conscientiousness domains. Every 0.18-point reduction in the Neuroticism score and every 0.09-point increment in regards to the Openness score were associated with a 1-year increment of age-onset of depression. This study found an association between a higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Conscientiousness with the presence of depressive residual symptoms.ConclusionDifferent personality profiles were found between individuals with depression and outpatients without psychiatric disorders recruited from general practitioner settings. Individuals with depressive residual symptoms featured a higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Conscientiousness. A higher score of Neuroticism and a lower score of Openness were associated with age-onset of depression, but no personality traits were associated with treatment duration.

CSR SPENDING IN INDIA: EXPLORING THE LINKAGES WITH BUSINESS GROUP AFFILIATION AND PRODUCT PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION

The present study aims to examine the influences of group affiliations status on the CSR spending of a firm and also to test how the group size and interaction of group size and product portfolio diversification influences the CSR spending. The sample of the present study covers 1,513 Indian firms coming under the ambit of CSR reporting, represented through the unbalanced panel data set of 4,459 firm-years from the year 2014 to 2019. The baseline model regresses CSR spending on the group affiliation status and set of controlling variables which are having the impact on CSR spending by using panel least squares regression model. The baseline model is extended to test the impact of group size and interaction of group size and product portfolio diversification on the CSR spending. Industry variations with regard to CSR spending are controlled by introducing industry fixed effects into the regression model. The findings of the study reveal significant positive impact of group affiliation status on CSR spending. The results are also robust to the group size effect and the interaction effect of group size and product portfolio diversification. The findings are supporting stewardship theory and socio—emotional wealth creation view of the group affiliated firm which asserts that group affirms experience variety of stakeholder demands and social issues. Building social reputation through CSR activities will be helpful in handling such situations. The findings also proved that larger group firms with wider product diversification are more encouraged towards CSR spending. This is the first study which tests the impact of group size and also the interaction of group size and product portfolio diversification on CSR spending. The study contributes to the literature on how the ownership style, especially, group affiliation status, influences the social engagement of a firm

Identification of immune associated potential molecular targets in proliferative diabetic retinopathy

BackgroundDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and causes of blindness in developed countries. Our study was designed to identify immune-related genes involved in the progression of proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR).MethodsThe “GSE102485” dataset of neovascular membrane samples (NVMs) from type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus patients was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Functional enrichment analyses, protein–protein interaction network (PPI) construction, and module analysis of immune pathways in NVMs and controls were conducted via Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Metascape.ResultsThe significantly upregulated hallmark gene sets in DR2 and DR1 groups were involved in five immune pathways. Only CCR4, CXCR6, C3AR1, LPAR1, C5AR1, and P2RY14 were not previously reported in the context of PDR molecular pathophysiology. Except for P2RY14, all of the above were upregulated in retinal samples from experimental diabetes mouse models and human retina microvascular endothelial cells (HRMECs) treated with high glucose (HG) by quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR).ConclusionThe genes identified herein provide insight into immune-related differential gene expression during DR progression.

Relativistic Fermion and Boson Fields: Bose-Einstein Condensate as a Time Crystal

In a basis of the space-time coordinate frame four quaternions discovered by Hamilton can be used. For subsequent reproduction of the coordinate frame these four quaternions are expanded to four 4 × 4 matrices with real-valued matrix coefficients −0 and 1. This group set is isomorphic to the SU(2) group. Such a matrix basis introduces extra six degrees of freedom of matter motion in space-time. There are three rotations about three space axes and three boosts along these axes. Next one declares the differential generating operators acting on the energy-momentum density tensor written in the above quaternion basis. The subsequent actions of this operator together with its transposed one on the above tensor lead to the emergence of the gravitomagnetic equations that are like the Maxwell equations. Wave equations extracted from the gravitomagnetic ones describe the propagation of energy density waves and their vortices through space. The Dirac equations and their reduction to two equations with real-valued functions, the quantum Hamilton-Jacobi equations and the continuity equations, are considered. The Klein-Gordon equations arising on the mass shell hints to the alternation of the paired fermion fields and boson ones. As an example, a Feynman diagram of an electron–positron time crystal is illustrated.

Short report: Self-compassion and satisfaction with life in Danish adolescents with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD): `We are all in the same boat´

BackgroundAdolescents with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) are at risk of emotional health problems and low self-esteem. However, little is known about their self-compassion (SC) and satisfaction with life (SWL). The present study compared self-compassion and satisfaction with life reported by Danish adolescents with DLD compared to typically developing (TD) peers, and whether severity of language difficulty is associated with SC and SWL. MethodsResults were obtained from 10 Danish adolescents with DLD compared with 14 age-matched TD adolescents and 132 TD peers, aged 15 years. ResultsFor SC and SWL results showed that adolescents with DLD reported more positive feelings compared to the TD adolescents. Interestingly for SC, the negative, but not the positive, domain differentiated the two groups, as adolescents with DLD reported less symptoms on self-judgment, isolation and overidentification. SC and SWL was strongly correlated with language abilities for the DLD group, but not for the TD group. ConclusionsResults from our pilot study showed that Danish adolescents with DLD reported being less harsh on themselves. Language abilities were associated with self-compassion for the DLD, but not for the TD group. Whether these group differences are due to environmental factors such as the specific Danish school setting of the DLD group or internal factors are discussed and requires further research.

Cross-cultural patterns in mobile playtime: an analysis of 118 billion hours of human data

Despite the prevalence of gaming as a human activity, the literature on playtime is uninformed by large-scale, high-quality data. This has led to an evidence-base in which the existence of specific cultural gaming cultures (e.g. exceptional levels of gaming in East Asian nations) are not well-supported by evidence. Here we address this evidence gap by conducting the world’s first large-scale investigation of cross-cultural differences in mobile gaming via telemetry analysis. Our data cover 118 billion hours of playtime occurring in 214 countries and regions between October 2020 and October 2021. A cluster analysis establishes a data-driven set of cross-cultural groupings that describe differences in how the world plays mobile games. Despite contemporary arguments regarding Asian exceptionalism in terms of playtime, analysis shows that many East Asian countries (e.g., China) were not highly differentiated from most high-GDP Northern European nations across several measures of play. Instead, a range of previously unstudied and highly differentiated cross-cultural clusters emerged from the data and are presented here, showcasing the diversity of global gaming.