Group P2 Research Articles

Effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) Supplementation in Goat Oocyte In Vitro Maturation Media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) Levels

Introduction: This study explains about the effect of Alpha Lipoic Acid (ALA) supplementation in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media on Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) levels and 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels with the aim of determining the status of balanced intracellular redox status and good oocyte quality. Objective: This laboratory experimental study contained three treatment groups: no ALA (P0), 25 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P1), and 50 μmol/L ALA supplementation (P2). SOD and 8-OHdG levels were measured using the ELISA method. SOD levels in group P0 were 1.41±0.40 pg/mL, group P1 were 2.04±0.50 pg/mL, and group P2 were 3.65±1.20 pg/mL. Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P0 group was 51.17±27.58 pg/mL, the P1 group was 11.21±5.98 pg/mL, and the P2 group was 12.66±6.01 pg/mL. Results: The P1 group could not significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p>0.05), while the P2 group could significantly increase the SOD level of the P0 group (p<0.05). Data on 8-OHdG levels in the P1 and P2 groups decreased significantly when compared to the P0 group (p<0.05). Conclusion: ALA supplementation at a dose of 50 µmol/L in goat oocyte In Vitro maturation media can increase SOD levels and reduce 8-OHdG levels.

Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using sunlight-powered coordination polymers constructed from a tetracarboxylate linker

Here, we report the preparation of three coordination polymers - [Mn2(btec)]n, 1; [Ce2(H2btec)(btec)(H2O)2]n, 2; and [Fe(Hbtec)(H2O)2]n3 from 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic acid (H4btec). Physicochemical characterization of the coordination polymers were undertaken using microanalysis, X-ray crystallography, FTIR, PXRD, TGA/DSC, and UV/visible spectrophotometry to confirm the identities of the compounds. The Mn(II) centres in 1 exhibit octahedral geometry coordinated by six oxygen atoms and crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/m. In 2, Ce(III) centres adopt tricapped trigonal prism geometry, coordinated by three btec4-, three from H2btec2- and the oxygen from one coordinated water molecule. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1¯. 3 is composed of an Hbtec ion and two water molecules coordinated to the Fe (III) ion. The band gaps of 1, 2, and 3 are 2.87, 3.10, and 3.61 eV, respectively, while their hydrogen peroxide-assisted efficiencies for the photodegradation of methylene blue are 91, 94, and 100 % respectively. An active species trapping experiment showed that an increase in hydroxy radicals (•OH) explains the enhanced efficiencies and provide an insight into the mechanism of the photodegradation of methylene blue by the photocatalysts. Efficiencies of mixtures of 2/H2O2 and 3/H2O2 reduced only slightly over five cycles of use and PXRD data revealed that 2 and 3 were chemically stable over the three cycles. Overall, the coordination polymers could serve as potential candidates for industrial-scale methylene blue degradation in the aqueous phase.

A new polymorph of white phosphorus at ambient conditions

Phosphorus exists in several different allotropes: white, red, violet and black. For industrial and academic applications, white phosphorus is the most important. So far, three polymorphs of white phosphorus, all consisting of P4 tetrahedra, have been described. Among these, β-P4 crystallizes in the space group P 1 and γ-P4 in the space group C2/m. α-P4 forms soft plastic crystals with a proposed structure in the cubic space group I 43m with the lattice constant a = 18.51 (3) Å, consisting of 58 rotationally disordered tetrahedra and thus is similar to the structure of α-Mn. Here we present a new polymorph, δ-P4. It crystallizes as a sixfold twin with the cell dimensions a = 18.302 (2), b = 18.302 (2), c = 36.441 (3) Å in the space group P212121 with 29 P4 tetrahedra in the asymmetric unit. The arrangement resembles the structure of α-Mn, but δ-P4 differs from α-P4. DFT calculations show δ-P4 to be metastable at a similar energy level to that of γ-P4.

Study and characterization of L–arginine halides (HCl/HBr)

The systems of L-arginine with halogen acids (hydrochloric and hydrobromic) in water solvent under the influence of acoustic waves and without them were investigated in this study. Nine compounds were obtained and identified: (I) L-arginine hydrobromide, (II) L-arginine hydrochloride (space group P1), (III) L-arginine hydrobromide, (IV) L-arginine hydrochloride (sp. gr. P21), (V) L-arginine hydrobromide monohydrate (sp. gr. P21), (VI) L-arginine hydrochloride monohydrate (sp. gr. P21), (VII) L-arginine dihydrobromide monohydrate (sp. gr. P1), (VIII) L-arginine dihydrochloride monohydrate (sp. gr. P212121) and (IX) L-arginine dihydrochloride (sp. gr. P21), of which (I), (III) and (IX) crystals were obtained and studied for the first time. The conditions for the formation of all the compounds were described. The FT-IR ATR spectra of obtained crystals were presented and compared. Based on the IR spectra, it can be assumed that the crystals of (II) and (I) are isostructural, the same for (IV) and (III). The crystal and molecular structure of L-arginine dihydrochloride (sp. gr. P21) was studied by X-ray diffraction method. Thermal and other properties were investigated. The efficiency of the second harmonic generation of all the crystals was measured and compared with that of the KDP.

The effect of long exposure to uvb rays on histological features of wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) in photoaging model

Introduction: Indonesia is a tropical country with exposure to UV rays from the sun throughout the year, so the Indonesian population is very vulnerable to skin aging, especially extrinsic skin aging due to prolonged exposure to UV rays. This study aimed to determine the effect of long exposure to UVB rays on the thickness of the epidermis, the thickness of the dermis, and the number of blood vessels and sunburn cells in (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain. Methods: This research was a post-test-only control group design using 27 rats which were divided into 3 groups, namely: control group K was untreated rats, and treatment groups P1 and P2 were rats exposed to UVB radiation for 3 weeks and 6 respectively exposure weeks. Test the effect on the study using the One-Way ANOVA test and Tukey’s Post Hoc Test. Results: The results indicated an increase in epidermal thickness of groups P1 (44.87 μm) and P2 (56.90 μm) (significant p<0.05). A decrease in dermis thickness occurred in groups P1 (726.91 μm) and P2 (559.40 μm) (significant p<0.05). In the photoaging area, there was an increased amount of sunburn cells in group P1 (6.40) and P2 (11.40) (significant p<0.05). There was a difference in the number of blood vessels between groups K and P2 and groups P1 and P2 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was an effect of long exposure to UVB rays on histology in rats (Rattus norvegicus) of the photoaging model including the thickness of the epidermis layer and dermis layer, the number of blood vessels, and sunburn cells.

Comparison of the histological features in the photoaged animal model

Background: Photoaging is a type of aging primarily caused by exposure to radiation, such as Ultraviolet B (UVB). This radiation penetrates the upper epidermis and papillary dermis leading to sunburn, tanning, photoaging, and photocarcinogenesis. Its light is a significant cause of direct deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage. Furthermore, it induces transcription factors, such as NF- and other pro-inflammatory cytokines, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the differences in the histologic features of the photoaged animal models. Methods: There were three groups, including P1, P2, and P3. Group P1 consists of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus), aged 10-12 weeks, with average body weight between 100-150 grams. Group P2 consists of C57BL aged 5-6 weeks with an average weight of 50-75 grams. P3 comprises BABL/c mice aged 5-6 weeks with an average weight of 50-75 grams. They were photoaged for 6 weeks using UV lamps (Ultraviolet B Broadband TL lamps. Phillips TL 20W/01 RS) with a 290-315 nm wavelength. Results: The results showed a significant difference in epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and sunburn cell (SBC) between groups after exposure to UVB radiation (p<0.05). Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in their blood vessels (p>0.05). Conclusion: The exposure to UVB for six weeks affects epidermal and dermal thickness, amount of SBC, and blood vessels in the photoaged animal model.

Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT investigation of new aluminium(III) derivative: A prominent precursor of nano alumina for dye degradation and sensor material

A new homoleptic derivative of aluminium(III) was synthesized quantitatively as white solid by refluxing Al(OPri)3 and C6H5COCH2COC6H5 in 1:3 stoichiometry using anhydrous benzene as a solvent for 8 h and was characterized subsequently by relevant spectral tools. The single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of the complex reveled that new aluminium derivative is triclinic with space group P1¯ and appearing in hexacoordination around aluminium atom. Crystallinity and purity were verified by powder XRD techniques. Further, the complex [(PhCOCHCOPh)3Al] was analyzed theoretically using Gaussian software at DFT/B3LYP/LanL2DZ and the results were found in accordance with the experimental data. Findings of intermolecular interactions of [(PhCOCHCOPh)3Al] were supported by Hirshfeld surface analysis as it illustrated that packing of the crystal was prominently due to the existence of 51.4% H---H, 21.3% C---H and 16.8% H---C interaction. In addition, nano alumina was also synthesized using this new derivative [(PhCOCHCOPh)3Al] as a precursor via well-established sol–gel technique. The obtained nano alumina was assigned as α- phase by powder XRD and its composition and morphology were characterized using FE-SEM and EDX analyses. Subsequently, nano α-alumina was employed as photocatalyst for congo red (CR) dye and was subjected for electrochemical sensing measurements using cyclic voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ESI). The outcomes displayed that the CR dye underwent a remarkable (95%) amount of photodegradation within 10 min on exposure to sunlight. Electrochemical performance of nano α-Al2O3 modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) demonstrated the oxidation peak at Epa = + 0.2 V in buffer solution with paracetamol and exhibited best sensing performance for the detection of paracetamol. Thus, it might appear as a possible sensor electrode material in the forthcoming investigations.

Novel LiCa(PO3)3 and LiSr(PO3)3 microwave dielectric ceramics

Novel LiCa(PO3)3 and LiSr(PO3)3 phases were produced by conventional solid-state synthesis and formed into ceramic pellets followed by conventional sintering. The crystal structure, ceramic microstructure, microwave dielectric properties and ac conductivity were investigated. A triclinic space group P1- was obtained from Rietveld refinements, and the lattice vibration modes were determined by Raman spectroscopy. The optimum sintering conditions for LiCa(PO3)3 and LiSr(PO3)3 ceramics were 700 ℃ and 625 ℃, respectively, both for 10 h. Dense glass-free ceramic microstructures were confirmed by SEM. High relative densities of 94.6 % and 93.8 %, low microwave εr values of 5.85 and 5.62 at 14 GHz, and high quality factors Q×f of 25,200 and 23,450 GHz at 14 GHz were detected. Large negative τf of − 105 and − 106 ppm/°C were obtained, which are uncommon but highly valuable for offsetting positive τf values of other systems. Moderate Li+-ion conduction was detected in both compounds by ac impedance spectroscopy.

Facile fabrication of a Cu(II) 1D zig–zag coordination polymer demonstrating affinity toward DNA molecules

A Cu(II) compound [Cu2(5-nip)2(3-brpy)2·(H2O)2·(DMF)2] (1) was synthesized using 5-nitroisophthalic acid (H25-nip) and 3-bromopyridine (3-brpy) employing slow diffusion technique. Visibly distinct blue-colored crystals of compound 1 were obtained. Single crystal X-ray analysis discloses that compound 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system, having space group P1¯ with cell dimensions a = 12.4491(14) Å, b = 13.6238(15) Å, c = 14.3315(15) Å; α = 68.027(3)°, β = 69.914(3)°, γ = 87.173(3)°and V = 2108.3(4)Å3. The compound contains core metal atom Cu(II) that is hexa-coordinated to 5-nip, 3-brpy, dimethylformamide (DMF), and aqua molecule resulting in one- dimensional coordination polymer (1D CP), propagated via strands of 5-nip bridges. The pyridine-based ligand and aqua ligands are decorated as arms on both sides of Cu(II) centers. The prominence of hydrogen bonding interactions in compound 1 was found which leads to the formation of 1D double-chain strand. The combination of 5-nip and 3-brpy ligands is responsible for the strong affinity towards DNA molecules for compound1. Docking studies have been employed to examine DNA binding affinity. Hirshfeld surface analysis was carried out in order to check out the nature of intermolecular interactions and packing modes of compound 1 in the crystalline state.

One-pot cocrystallization of mononuclear and 1D cobalt(II) complexes based on flexible triclopyr and 2,2′-bipyridine coligands: Structural analyses, conformation comparison, non-covalent interactions and magnetic properties

A pair of cobalt(II) complexes with formulas of [Co(3,5,6-tcpa)(2,2′-bpy)Cl] (1A) and [Co(3,5,6-tcpa)2(2,2′-bpy)]n (1B) have been cocrystallized by the solvothermal reaction of cobalt chloride hexahydrate with triclopyr (systematic name 2-((3,5,6-trichloropyridin-2-yl) oxy)acetic acid, abbreviation 3,5,6-Htcpa) and 2,2′-bipyridine (2,2′-bpy). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that both 1A and 1B crystallized in triclinic system, space group P1¯ (no. 2). Compound 1A is mononuclear and 3,5,6-tcpa anion in it is a bidentate chelate ligand. In contrast, 1B is a 1D double-stranded chain structure in which 3,5,6-tcpa are bidentate bridging-μ2 linkers. The non-covalent interactions of Cl···Cl halogen bonds, C–H···O/Cl hydrogen bonds as well as π···π stacking interactions play an important part in their crystal packing, which have been confirmed by the careful Hirshfeld surface analyses. After deeply structural analyses, it was proposed that flexible conformation alteration of 3,5,6-tcpa might be in charge of the cocrystallization phenomenon of 1A and 1B. In addition, the magnetic characterizations suggested antiferromagnetic coupling between neighbouring cobalt(II) centers in 1B.

Effects of Platycladus orientalis Leaf Extract on the Growth Performance, Fur-Production, Serum Parameters, and Intestinal Microbiota of Raccoon Dogs.

Platycladus orientalis leaves are rich in flavonoids and polysaccharides, which offer high medicinal and nutritional benefits. This study aimed to investigate the impact of P. orientalis leaf extract (PLE) on the growth performance, fur quality, serum parameters, and intestinal microbiota of raccoon dogs. Sixty healthy male black raccoon dogs, aged 85 (±5) days, were randomly assigned to four groups and fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g/kg PLE for 125 days (designated as groups P0, P1, P2, and P3, respectively). The results revealed that the raccoon dogs in group P1 exhibited increased average daily gain and underfur length while showing a decreased feed/gain ratio compared to group P0 (p < 0.05). However, the heart index in group P2 was significantly lower than in group P0 (p < 0.05), and the kidney index and serum alanine aminotransferase activities in group P3 were higher than in groups P2 and P0 (p < 0.05), suggesting potential adverse effects at higher PLE dosages. Notably, dietary PLE supplementation led to a reduction in serum glucose concentrations (p < 0.05), which may have implications for glucose regulation. Furthermore, the study explored the impact of dietary supplementation with 0.25 g/kg PLE on the raccoon dogs' intestinal microbiota using high-throughput sequencing. The results showed significant alterations in the microbial community structure, with a notable decrease in the abundance of Prevotella copri in response to 0.25 g/kg PLE supplementation (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementing raccoon dogs' diet with 0.25 g/kg PLE can lead to improved growth performance and a positive influence on the intestinal microbiota. However, caution should be exercised regarding higher dosages, as they may have adverse effects on certain parameters. As a result, PLE holds promise as a potential feed additive for fur animal production.

Test Of the Effectiveness of Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) Leaves on The Number of Leukocytes and Platelets of Male Wistar White Rats (Rattus Norvegicus) Infected with Escherichia Coli

The research entitled Testing the Effectiveness of Moringa Leaves on the Number of Leukocytes and Platelets of Male Wistar White Rats infected with E.coli, used an experimental design with a Pre Test-Post Test Control Group Design. Where research carries out observations of the control and treatment groups before and after being given a treatment. The research used a purposive sampling technique. The subjects in this study were male white Wistar rats. The number of mice used was 27, which were divided into 3 groups. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk test and One-way Anova test. The results showed that the average leukocyte count of white mice in the control group (K1) was 26.73x103/µL (pre test). Then after treatment (only standard feed) it was 22.98x103/µL (post test). In group (P1), the leukocyte count was 21.38x103/µL (pre test) and after administering the extract at a dose of 150 mg/KgBW/day, the leukocyte count was 16.03x103/?L (post test), for (P2) 20.63x103/µL (pre test ), after administering 250 mg/KgBW/day of extract, there was a decrease in the average number of white rat leukocytes and (P2) 13.72x103/µL (post test). The results of examination of the number of platelets (K1) infected with Escherichia coli bacteria and only given standard feed averaged 646.56x103/µL (pre test) and 954.103/ µL (post test). For group P1, the platelet count was 595.6x103/µL (pre test) and after administering Moringa leaf extract at a dose of 150 mg/KgBW/day, the platelet count was 858.8x103/µL (post test). For group P2, the platelet count was 637.1x103/ µL (pre test) and after administering Moringa leaf extract at a dose of 250 mg/KgBW/day 1029.2x103/ µL (post test). The results of the ANOVA test showed that there was a significant difference between the average leukocyte count and platelet count between the groups tested.

Sungkai Leaf Extract (Peronema canescens Jack) Reduces MDA Levels and Increases IL-10 Levels in MSG-Induced Wistar Rats

The addition of Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) to ready-to-eat food can change eating habits, coupled with a lack of activity which can have an impact on health. MSG as a trigger for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing systemic damage, the impact of excessive MSG consumption can be reduced by modifying the diet to contain high sources of antioxidants. Sungkai leaf extract can be an alternative as a natural antioxidant. Sungkai leaf extract antioxidants are expected to neutralize ROS thereby repairing cell damage. Objective: This study aims to determine how giving sungkai leaf extract affects MDA and IL-10 levels in MSG-induced mice. Method: Experimental research with a Randomized Post test only control group design. The total sample was 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups. KN healthy mice, K(-) were given 1g MSG/rat, P1 was given 1g MSG/rat and 28mg sungkai leaf extract/rat, P2 was given 1g MSG/rat and 56mg sungkai leaf extract/rat. Results: The average results showed a decrease in MDA levels and an increase in IL-10 levels after treatment for 21 days, the One way Anova test followed by Post hoc LSD showed that each treatment group was significantly different from the control group where the MDA level in group P2 was 0, 07mg/ml ± 0.01 experienced a significant decrease compared to the KN group 0.07mg/ml ± 0.01 while IL-10 levels experienced a significant increase in the P1 group 130.10pg/ml ± 13.29 when compared to the KN group 60.43pg/ml ±17.40. Conclusion: Sungkai leaf extract (Penonema Canescens Jack) was able to reduce MDA levels at a dose of 56 mg/mouse in mice injected with 1gr MSG/rat and experienced a significant increase in IL-10 levels with a dose of 28 mg sungkai leaf extract/rat injected with 1gr MSG/rat.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure Analyses, and Antibacterial Evaluation of the Cobalt(II) Complex with Sulfadiazine-Pyrazole Prodrug

The complex [Co(L)(H2O)4](NO3)2 of (E)-4-(2-(3-methyl-5-oxo-1-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-4(5H)-ylidene)hydrazinyl)-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide (L) was synthesized via the self-assembly technique. Its molecular and supramolecular structures were analyzed using FTIR, elemental analyses, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, as well as Hirshfeld calculations. This complex crystallized in the triclinic space group P1¯ with Z = 2. The crystallographic asymmetric unit comprised one complex cation and two nitrate counter anions. This complex had distorted octahedral geometry around the Co(II) ion. Numerous intermolecular interactions affecting the molecular packing of this complex were conformed using Hirshfeld investigations. The most significant contacts for the cationic inner sphere [Co(L)(H2O)4]2+ were O···H (38.8%), H···H (27.8%), and N···H (9.9%). On the other hand, the main interactions for the counter NO3¯ ions were the O···H (79.6 and 77.8%), O···N (8.0%), and O···C (9.1%). A high propensity for making interactions for each atom pair in the contacts O…H, N…C, N…H, and C…C was revealed by enrichment ratio values greater than 1. The antibacterial efficacy of the complex and the free ligand were assessed. The free ligand had higher antibacterial activity (MIC = 62.5–125 µg/mL) than the [Co(L)(H2O)4](NO3)2 complex (MIC ≥ 250 µg/mL) versus all the studied bacteria.

Crystal structure of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase from Rickettsia typhi in complex with its cognate amino acid

Rickettsia typhi is the causative agent of murine typhus (endemic typhus), a febrile illness that can be self-contained, though in some cases it can progress to death. The three dimensional structure of Methionyl-tRNA Synthetase from R. typhi (RtMetRS) in complex with its substrate l-methionine was solved by molecular replacement and refined at 2.30 Å resolution in space group P1 from one X-ray diffraction dataset. Processing and refinement trials were decisive to establish the lower symmetry space group and indicated the presence of twinning with four domains. RtMetRS belongs to the MetRS1 family and was crystallized with the CP domain in an open conformation, what is distinctive from other MetRS1 enzymes whose structures were solved with a bound L-methionine (therefore, in a closed conformation). This conformation resembles the ones observed in the MetRS2 family.

A novel energetic cocrystal of DATNBI/TNT with low sensitivity and an unexpected polymorphic transition

A novel type of 4,4′,5,5′-tetranitro-1H,1′H-(2,2′-biimidazole)-1,1′-diamine (DATNBI)/TNT energetic cocrystal (cocrystal-1) was prepared by the solvent evaporation method. The molar ratio of the cocrystal is 1:2 and the crystal density is 1.784 g cm−3 at 23°C. It belongs to the triclinic system with space group P 1. The thermal stability, mechanical sensitivity and detonation performance of cocrystal-1 were studied. Compared with DATNBI, the mechanical sensitivity (H 50 and FS, friction sensitivity) and thermal stability (T d, detonation temperature) of cocrystal-1 were significantly improved (H 50, FS and T d of DATNBI and cocrystal-1 are, respectively, 27.8 cm, 160 N, 240°C and 65.6 cm, &gt;360 N, 253°C). Combining these results with other characterizations, it was found that cocrystal-1 exhibited a polymorphic transformation, phase separation and melting of the two single components in succession. The ability to control the properties and understand the structural stability of this explosive cocrystal is of great value.

Batoniite, [Al8(OH)14(H2O)18](SO4)5 ⋅ 5H2O, a new mineral with the [Al8(OH)14(H2O)18]10+ polyoxocation from the Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Tuscany, Italy

Abstract. The new mineral batoniite, [Al8(OH)14(H2O)18](SO4)5 ⋅ 5H2O, was discovered in the Cetine di Cotorniano Mine, Chiusdino, Siena, Tuscany, Italy. It occurs as hemispherical aggregates composed of brittle tabular crystals, up to 1 mm in size, white to colorless in color, with a white streak and a vitreous to greasy luster. Batoniite is biaxial negative, with α= 1.4833(6), β= 1.4948(6), γ= 1.5019(5) (589 nm), and 2V(meas.)= 71(1)∘. Electron microprobe analysis, affected by the dehydration of batoniite under the chamber vacuum, gave (in wt %) the following: Al2O3 33.48, Fe2O3 0.05, SO3 33.00, and H2Ocalc 44.41, total 110.94. It corresponds to the chemical formula (Al7.98Fe0.013+)Σ7.99(SO4)5.01(OH)13.95(H2O)18 ⋅ 5H2O. Batoniite is triclinic, belonging to space group P1‾, with a= 9.1757(6), b= 12.0886(9), c= 20.9218(15) Å, α= 82.901(3), β= 87.334(3), γ= 86.999(2)∘, V= 2297.8(3) Å3, and Z= 2. The crystal structure was refined to R1= 0.0916 for 8118 unique reflections with Fo&gt;4σ(Fo) and 811 refined parameters and 60 restraints. Batoniite is characterized by isolated [Al8(OH)14(H2O)18]10+ polyoxocations, H-bonded to five interstitial (SO4)2− and five H2O groups. In type material, it is associated with gypsum and a poorly crystallized Al–Fe sulfate. The crystallization of batoniite is probably due to the action of H2SO4 on Al-bearing rocks of Paleozoic age cropping out in the Garibaldi Tunnel, the lowest mining level of the Cetine di Cotorniano Mine.

Effect of Topical Gel Ethanol Extract of Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) on Wound Healing in a White Male Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Induced by Streptozotocin

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) can have a number of consequences, one of which is diabetic neuropathy, which can cause sores, notably in patients' feet. Wound therapy with synthetic drugs in diabetes is still not functioning as well as expected. Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban has been demonstrated to promote wound healing through a variety of mechanisms, including collagen synthesis stimulation, fibroblast proliferation stimulation, antiulcer, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity. Pharmaceutical treatments for wound healing are routinely utilized upon the assumption that a moist wound is a gel. Aims: The purpose of this study was to see how a topical gel ethanol extract of gotu kola (Centella Asiatica (L.) Urban) promoted wound healing in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced white male rats (Rattus Norvegicus). Methods: This is an experimental study using twenty white male rats (Rattus Norvegicus) caused by STZ. The rats were placed into four groups, each with five rats. These four groups are the control group, the treatment group P1 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 2.5% concentration), the treatment group P2 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 5% concentration), and the treatment group P3 (ethanol gel gotu kola leaf at 10% concentration). STZ was used to promote blood sugar elevation in the rats. The wound healing rate was estimated by comparing the wound healing rates of each group using macroscopic observation. Result: The findings of this study revealed that extract gel gotu kola leaf concentration applied to the wound on days 4, 7, 11, and 14 has a statistically significant influence on wound healing (p=0.000). Conclusion: Based on the research conducted, it can be concluded that gotu kola extract gel has a significant influence on the rats’ wound healing.

Red and Blue-Black Tin Monoxide, SnO: Pitfalls, Challenges, and Helpful Tools in Crystal Structure Determination of Low-Intensity Datasets from Microcrystals

The crystal structures of red and blue-black tin(II) oxide, SnO, have been determined for the first time by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Blue-black SnO crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm, representing a layer structure consisting of the square–pyramidally coordinated tin and slightly distorted tetrahedrally coordinated oxygen atoms, in accordance with previous results. In contrast, red SnO crystallizes in the orthorhombic centrosymmetric space group Pbca rather than in the non-centrosymmetric space group Cmc21, as assumed for a long time. Its layer structure consists of very regular, trigonal–pyramidally coordinated tin atoms as well as trigonal–planar coordinated oxygen atoms. Special care was taken on space group determination, including lattice centering. C-centering could be excluded because of systematic absence violations detected when collecting and processing a primitive triclinic dataset and by generating precession images. In the absence of meaningful extinction conditions resulting from the very small crystal under examination, the structure was initially solved and refined in the triclinic space group P1. Subsequently, the observed atom coordinates were used to reconstruct the actual symmetry skeleton. The various possibilities to identify the correct space group starting from the triclinic solution are demonstrated, and the unique structural features of the crystal structure are visualized.

Supplementation of Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf capsules on hemoglobin levels in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency anemia in Malaka regency, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia

Link of Video Abstract: https://youtu.be/DjGx56j9LiU Introduction: Women of reproductive age with anemia are recommended to take iron supplements and increase their intake of iron-rich food. Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf is a potential plant containing high iron, which is simple to find in Indonesia. Aims: to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaves supplementation in women of pro age. Methods: This type of research is an experiment with experimental research with pre-post test control group design. The sample was 119 subjects collected using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria. The study subjects were divided into 3 treatment groups: supplementation of Ferrous sulfate tablets 30 mg per day (Group P0); 3000 mg Moringa leaf capsules three times a day (3 x 1000 mg) (Group P1); and Moringa leaf capsules at a dose of 3000 mg three times a day (3 x 1000 mg) plus 30 mg ferrous sulfate tablets once daily (Group P2) for 60 days, then hemoglobin (Hb) levels were re-evaluated. Result: The Friedman test showed a mean Hb difference between the three measurement groups, which was statistically significant with p &lt;0.05. The treatment group with P2 had the highest value of 4.74, followed by P1 and P0 of 4.71 and 4.65. Conclusion: Supplementation of Moringa leaf capsules at a dose of 3000 mg for 60 days may increase Hb levels in women of reproductive age with iron deficiency anemia.