Group Ow Research Articles

Effects of body mass index on propofol-induced cardiovascular depression in the Pakistani population.

To determine the relationship between the patient's Body Mass Index (BMI) and the cardiovascular effects produced by propofol at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg in the Pakistani population. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2021 to January 2022. According to their BMI, one hundred twenty Pakistani individuals 18 to 60 years of age were equally divided into three groups. Group N (n = 40) with a BMI of 18 to 24.9, group OW (n=40) with a BMI of 25 to 29.5, and group O (n=40) with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 were randomized to receive propofol injections at a 1.5 mg/kg dose for induction of anesthesia. We measured mean blood pressure before the propofol and then at one, three, and ten minutes after the injection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22. Mean blood pressure decreases significantly in all groups, as shown by p-values of <0.001 for the first two readings. In group N, blood pressure returned to near normal within ten minutes (p-value 0.061), but in groups, OW and O, mean blood pressure was significantly lower even after ten minutes (p-values 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Individual variations in propofol response were also observed. In the Pakistani population, propofol at an induction dose of 1.5 mg/kg to patients with different body weights produces cardiovascular effects with marked standard deviations in each group, which indicate different individual responses. Clinical Trial Number: NCT05383534 https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/.

Holographic Wilson Loops in the Confining Backgrounds at Zero Temperature

We study Wilson loops in the exact renormalization group ow at zero tempera- ture via the 5d holographic model that reproduces the behavior of the QCD running coupling. Calculating the time-like rectangular Wilson loop we show that the model includes a conning phase at T = 0 in the IR region.

Effect of sodium ascorbate on dentin bond strength after treatment with oxidizing root canal irrigants

Background/purposeThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 10% sodium ascorbate solution on dentin bond strength after being treated with different oxygen-releasing root canal irrigants. Materials and methodsTwenty-one human third molars were used in this study. The specimens were randomly divided into seven groups according to irrigation solutions, as follows: Group C (control group), distilled water; Group SH, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl); Group SHA, 5.25% NaOCl + 10% sodium ascorbate solution; Group HP, 10% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2); Group HPA, 10% H2O2 + 10% sodium ascorbate solution; and Group OW, ozonated water; Group OWA, ozonated water + 10% sodium ascorbate solution. A two-step self-etching adhesive system (CLEARFIL SE Bond) was applied to the surfaces, and resin core buildups (Filtek Z550) were placed. The specimens were sectioned into 1-mm2 beams and tested in a microtensile bond-strength (μTBS) testing machine at a cross-head speed of 1 mm/minute. Fractured specimens were examined with a stereomicroscope to determine the mode of failure (adhesive, cohesive, or mixed). The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests (P < 0.05). ResultsThe ozonatedwater-treated groups showed the lowest μTBS values among all the groups. Although the 10% sodium ascorbate application increased dentin bond strength in Group OW, the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). ConclusionAlthough 10% sodium ascorbate application for 10 minutes is an effective method to reverse the compromised bond strength of NaOCl- and H2O2-treated dentin, it might not have a sufficient effect when the dentin is treated with ozonated water.

Weight Change and Clinical Outcomes Following Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery in Overweight and Obese Patients

Study DesignRetrospective comparative study. Summary of Background DataThe effect of spine surgery on postoperative weight loss or weight gain in overweight and obese spinal deformity patients is unknown. ObjectiveTo evaluate the postoperative outcomes and weight changes in adult patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery. Materials and MethodsA total of 104 adult patients undergoing primary spinal deformity surgery were enrolled. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up (average, 50.1 months). Preoperative and latest follow-up, body mass index (BMI), Oswestry Disability Index, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 self-image and SRS outcomes scores were collected. Instrumented levels, estimated blood loss, major and minor complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital discharge status were also reviewed and compared. ResultsA total of 66 patients were overweight (BMI > 25–29.9; average, 26.9) (Group OW), whereas 38 patients were obese (BMI > 30; average, 33.5) (Group OB). The average age was 54.5 in Group OW and 48.6 in Group OB (p < .01). Postoperatively, significant changes were not found in the BMI for Group OW, 27.2 (26.9–27.2; p < .39), and for Group OB, 35 (33.5–35; p < .06). Postoperatively, significant improvements were seen in both groups for Oswestry Disability Index (36.1–21.8, Group OW; 44.1–24.4, Group OB; p <.001), SRS self-image (2.9–3.7, Group OW; 2.6–3.8, Group OB; p < .001) and SRS score (3.1–3.8, Group OW; 2.9–3.8, Group OB; p < .001). There were no significant differences in complications between groups. ConclusionsAs a group, overweight and obese primary spinal deformity patients did not demonstrate significant weight gain or weight loss from preoperative to latest follow-up. However, both overweight and obese patients had significant improvements in outcome scores at latest follow-up and equivalent rates of complications.

Block diagonalization using similarity renormalization group flow equations

TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 2A3(Dated: February 3, 2008)By choosing appropriate generators for the Similarity Renormalization Group (SRG) ow equa-tions, di erent patterns of decoupling in a Hamiltonian can be achieved. Sharp and smooth block-diagonal forms of phase-shift equivalent nucleon-nucleon potentials in momentum space are gener-ated as examples and compared to analogous low-momentum interactions (\V

Basal cell carcinoma in outdoor versus indoor workers in Turkey

Basal cell carcinoma remains a significant health problem, and is most common in people of Caucasian origin with significant sun exposure. This study investigated differences between two groups of Turkish patients with basal cell carcinoma: indoor workers versus outdoor workers. One hundred and twenty-one patients with primary basal cell carcinoma were categorized as outdoor (Group OW) or indoor workers (Group IW), according to sun exposure at work. Findings for age, sex, skin type, tumor location, and histologic subtype/aggression were compared. The mean age of Group IW was lower than that of Group OW (57.3 +/- 9.2 vs. 65.8 +/- 12.2 years, respectively). Group OW comprised more men than women (63.4% vs. 36.6%, respectively), whereas women predominated in Group IW (62% vs. 38%, respectively). The facial cheek was a more frequent tumor site in Group IW than in Group OW (20% vs. 7.0%, respectively). There were no statistical differences with respect to skin types or histological subtypes; however, Group OW had a higher proportion of aggressive subtypes than Group IW (25.4% vs. 10%, respectively). The results in the Turkish population of the study suggest that basal cell carcinoma may develop in indoor workers (intermittent sun exposure) earlier than in outdoor workers with chronic sun-exposure, but more aggressive subtypes are more likely to be linked with chronic sun-exposure.

Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Anaesthesia: Differences in Success between Patients of Normal and Excessive Weight

Interscalene plexus blocks are an important part of the peri-operative treatment in shoulder surgery. The nerve stimulation technique uses external landmarks for the definition of the injection site. Patient obesity is, therefore, one causative factor for a reduced success rate of the blockade. This study investigated whether there are differences in visibility of the target nerves and in the success rate of the block between patients of normal weight (nw) and obese patients (ow), when portable sonography is used for guidance of the interscalene nerve blockade (ISB). We investigated 70 patients routinely scheduled for shoulder surgery (ASA status I-III). The patients were allocated to group nw (body mass index BMI< 25) or ow (BMI > 25). The interscalene part of the brachial plexus was examined using high-frequency portable ultrasound. The blockade was performed under continuous sonographic monitoring. The quality of the ISB was tested post-operatively, and the time required for the procedure was documented. Identification of nerve structures in the obese patients did require slightly more time than in patients of normal weight, statistically (ow: 5 +/- 1 min versus nw: 4 +/- 2 min, p = 0.02). While in 33 patients (94 %) of group nw the plexus blockade was complete, in group ow 27 (77 %) of the blocks were sufficient. The difference in success, however, was not significant (p = 0.08). Visualisation of nerves was difficult in 3 patients in ow-group. Portable ultrasound provides efficient depiction of the interscalene plexus structures in obese patients and, when used for guidance of regional blockade, renders similar results as in patients of normal weight.

米国における海外赴任者のストレスに関する研究

The purpose of this study was to examine stress sources and responses for Japanese workers under a different culture from their own. Fifty nine male Japanese workers who had been employed in the U.S. –Japan joint company were classified into two district area groups in term of types of occupation (office work: OW; and factory: F). These workers were individually interviewed about their occupational stess, daily life stress, family problem, health, and stress coping style. In addition, the score in the Eysenck Personality Inventory(EPI), Spielberger Trait-State Inventory(STAI), and Cornel Medical Index(CMI) for the OW and F groups were compared to those for fifteen Japanese male worker group in the home country(C). As a result, there were no differences in the EPI and STAI between three groups. However, concerning the CMI, Group OW had significantly higher percentage of response in Cardiovascular system items than Group F. In Digestive tract items, Group OW showed the highest percentage of response of all groups. Furthermore, Group OW and F had higher Habits response than Group C. Concerning mood and feeling patterns of the CMI, only Anger for Group OW showed the higher response compared to Group F and C. Finany, most of the Japanese workers, especially Group OW, complained about the conflicts with American workers through the interview. Also, some episodes for some workers who had a tendency to be neurotic by the CMI diagnosis were introduced. These findings suggest that Japanese workers who frequently had come in contact with many Americans in sales and office work situations had higher stress than others. It indicates that they have larger risk of having stress related diseases, as shown in some higher responses of the CMI.

Agricultural modernization in market and planned economies: The German experience

Retrospective comparative study.The effect of spine surgery on postoperative weight loss or weight gain in overweight and obese spinal deformity patients is unknown.To evaluate the postoperative outcomes and weight changes in adult patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery.A total of 104 adult patients undergoing primary spinal deformity surgery were enrolled. All patients had a minimum 2-year follow-up (average, 50.1 months). Preoperative and latest follow-up, body mass index (BMI), Oswestry Disability Index, Scoliosis Research Society (SRS)-22 self-image and SRS outcomes scores were collected. Instrumented levels, estimated blood loss, major and minor complications, length of hospitalization, and hospital discharge status were also reviewed and compared.A total of 66 patients were overweight (BMI > 25–29.9; average, 26.9) (Group OW), whereas 38 patients were obese (BMI > 30; average, 33.5) (Group OB). The average age was 54.5 in Group OW and 48.6 in Group OB (p < .01). Postoperatively, significant changes were not found in the BMI for Group OW, 27.2 (26.9–27.2; p < .39), and for Group OB, 35 (33.5–35; p < .06). Postoperatively, significant improvements were seen in both groups for Oswestry Disability Index (36.1–21.8, Group OW; 44.1–24.4, Group OB; p <.001), SRS self-image (2.9–3.7, Group OW; 2.6–3.8, Group OB; p < .001) and SRS score (3.1–3.8, Group OW; 2.9–3.8, Group OB; p < .001). There were no significant differences in complications between groups.As a group, overweight and obese primary spinal deformity patients did not demonstrate significant weight gain or weight loss from preoperative to latest follow-up. However, both overweight and obese patients had significant improvements in outcome scores at latest follow-up and equivalent rates of complications.