Group Of Thinkers Research Articles

Multiple forms of precarity in Martin Mulsow’s Knowledge Lost

ABSTRACT Response: Knowledge Lost: A New View of Early Modern Intellectual History (2022)-translated from Martin Mulsow's Prekäres Wissen (2012)– explores the precarious nature of radical intellectual activity in the early modern German context in the decades around 1700. Mulsow examines the vulnerability of thinkers whose ideas were deemed dangerous by state or church authorities, given the risks of censorship, social ostracism, and the loss of ideas that could not be safely shared. Mulsow discusses various signs of precarity including the use of manuscript instead of print, the marginal social status of most radical thinkers, and the use of textual strategies to create plausible deniability. This book models new questions to pose and new clues to examine to write an alternative intellectual history focused on knowledge lost, hidden, or distorted.

‘Knowledge is Power’: Literature, Invention, Radical Thinking at the London Mechanics’ Institution

On the occasion of the bicentenary of the London Mechanics’ Institution, this introduction goes back to the Baconian motto ‘Knowledge is Power’ adopted by the early proponents of mechanics’ education to reconstruct the place and function of literature in mechanic invention, practical education, and useful knowledge, against the backdrop of its emergence as an autonomous discipline of the creative imagination. Analysis of different published versions of George Birkbeck’s speech on the laying of the first stone of the lecture room in December 1824 reveals the precarious status of literature in the mechanics’ ‘Temple of Reason’ under construction: foregrounded in one version, excluded from another. Why? This intervention explores what is at stake in its inclusion or exclusion then and now, in the current predicament of the arts and humanities locally, nationally, and internationally.

KARAKTERISTIK POKOK FILSAFAT DALAM NOVEL PANGANTÉN KARYA DEDEN ABDUL AZIZ

This research aims to explain the philosophical study and key characteristics of philosophy in the novel Pangantén by Deden Abdul Aziz. A descriptive qualitative approach was used to analyze data from novel excerpts that reflect philosophical inquiry. Data were collected through the process of reading, noting, and marking relevant quotes. The results of the research show 63 pieces of philosophical data and 5 key characteristics of philosophy. Among them, 13 data points depict radical thinking, focusing on fundamental questions about human life and existence. A total of 20 data points relate to the search for basic principles or foundations, reflecting a contemplation of values that guide human behavior. Additionally, 8 data points reflect the pursuit of truth, another 8 depict efforts to achieve conceptual clarity, and 14 data points describe rational thinking, emphasizing logic and reasoning in decision-making. These results indicate that the novel Pangantén not only presents a narrative but also conveys deep philosophical reflections. These elements position the novel as a medium for illustrating philosophical ideas about existence, principles, truth, clarity, and rationality in everyday life.

Escape from the Constraint of Theological Correlation: Martin Heidegger’s 1924 Presentation on Luther

In this essay, I examine a less familiar document: the text of Martin Heidegger’s 1924 lecture on Martin Luther, delivered as part of the seminars held by Rudolf Bultmann. This lecture, I argue, makes the theological or, to be more precise, Lutheran roots of Heidegger’s philosophical motivations in the years during which he was doing the preparatory work for Being and Time clear. The analysis demonstrates that Luther had a decisive influence on Heidegger’s concept of man. Heidegger praises the theological radicalism of Luther’s concept of man, but he seeks at the same time to free his own concept from this theological framework. Thus, in this respect, he is even more radical than Luther. While Luther is bound by the correlational constraint presented in the analysis between God and man, Heidegger’s philosophizing at first follows Luther’s radical thinking about concrete man but then removes this concrete man from the correlational constraint. The study argues that the document in question shows that, as a result, Heidegger does not arrive at a residual concept of man (or, in other words, his philosophy is not a decapitated theology) but at a radically new concept of man. Keywords: Heidegger, Luther, Dasein, theological correlation, decapitated theology

Levelling up: Challenges and opportunities

‘Levelling up’ is a new term to add to the economic and political lexicon for the well-known but intractable problem of the uneven performance of the UK economy over the past century. The component parts of the national economy — the regions — mostly have not performed well enough to ensure the UK performs better than its close economic rivals. To convert laggards into leaders can be done, but it requires time, political consensus and a lot of radical thinking: the past tells us very little about the future. A UK economy firing on all cylinders can be a world-beater.

'Through the Flower': On Audre Lorde and Intersectionality

The article aims to explore the origins of intersectionality through thelegacy of Lorde's feminism and her radical thinking. The concept ofintersectionality has taken on a complex position in feminist scholarshipover the past decade. Many scholars have also considered thecontributions of Audre Lorde to the discussions around intersectionality.It draws parallels between her ideas and it shows how her ideas areinfluenced by both rebellious literary forms and political writing styles.Lorde's radical feminist works have often been regarded as both areflection of identity politics and a shift in situational perception.Intersectionality is in addition said to be a movement that is trying toreclaim the ideas of identity politics and develop new ways to understandthe decentred structures of power. The article uses historicocritical andanalytical approaches to argue that the oeuvre of Lorde's feminismprovides a new perspective on the subject. In her works, Lorde describesa world that is definable only in terms of its relational terms, a world thatis torn apart by the divisions between race, class, sexuality, and gender.She also describes a world that is capable of being understood onlythrough its destructive divisions. The world that she is talking about is aplace that needs to be changed through a process of transformation. Thisworld is also a place where history has been made through the multiplemovements and revolutions that have occurred in it. These are thecontours that define the complex ground that third world feminist politicsare based on.

Nigerian Radicalism: Towards a New Definition via a Historical Survey

Abstract Recent military coups in West Africa have put the continent’s democratisation itself into question. In some places, for the moment, these coups appear to have popular backing. Nigeria, where radicalism is firmly rooted in democratic values and a human-rights framework, the radical grassroots opposition to the Buhari government’s creeping authoritarianism lies drenched in blood. The roots of this development go back to the history of Nigeria’s radicalism in the twentieth century. Much has appeared on the global 1968 recently, including that of Africa. 1970s/1980s-style radicalism is reappearing today with Omoyele Sowore’s 2018 presidential candidacy, with the African Action Congress party, the #EndSARS protests and the tragic Lekki Toll Gate massacre (2020) in Nigeria. The shift towards radicalism is palpable with protest music such as Falz’s This is Nigeria, and Burna Boy’s Monsters you Made, both explicitly targeting neocolonialism and police brutality. Contrary to Achille Mbembe’s sweeping dismissal of African radicalism, the movement with very deep roots under study is meaningful once again, and is gathering momentum in West Africa’s giant polity. This article applies Walter Benjamin’s and also Nigerian radical thinkers’ conceptualisation of political, social and artistic radicalism, while it frames the Nigerian version via the movement’s history, in which marxisant theory and praxis, feminism, human rights and pro-democracy movements interact with emancipatory strands of Islam, Christianity, Igbo Judaism, and animism. In the context of Nigerian radicalism, even expressly pro-capitalist art theory performs a radical social function by stressing the African’s right to make universal statements (Olu Oguibe) in its de facto defiance of the neo-colony. As these different strands of protest meet, ethnic uprisings (amongst them IPOB) find ways to establish common cause with social radicalism, posing a composite threat to the prebendalist oligarchy that rules and oppresses the country via a militarised neoliberalism.

Dialectics of religious discourse, radicalism and terrorism

An in-depth study conducted in the context of globalisation and modern social dynamics focuses on religious discourse, radicalism and terrorism. The complex interactions between religious rhetoric, radical understandings, and the emergence of acts of terrorism are discussed in this article. This research explores how religious discussions can be a fertile ground for the emergence of radical ideologies, which eventually lead to acts of terrorism, by integrating theological, psychological, and social perspectives. The research aims to gain a better understanding of the components that influence the radicalisation process by identifying the ways in which religious discourse supports radicalism. The data in this study was obtained through observation and literature review, and analysed by content analysis. This study shows that understanding how religion, radicalism and terrorism interact is crucial to stopping and countering threats to world security because radical thinking often fuels terrorism, which uses violence as a means to achieve certain goals.

Vulnerability to Trends to Thinking Radically Among High School Students in Sukabumi District

This study aims to reveal the vulnerability of high school students in Sukabumi district to the tendency of their approval of some of the initial ideological surfaces of radical groups in Indonesia so that it is hoped that when the potential vulnerability of this agreement is known, detection and mapping of the characteristics of thinking can be carried out students there. The approach used in this study was quantitative, using a survey method with a sample of 692 students. The data collection technique used was a questionnaire, which the researcher saves in a Google form, and the data analysis technique used is the descriptive statistic technique. The result showed that, in general, the vulnerability of their thinking tendencies is divided into two types: the vulnerability to religious radicalism and the vulnerability to non-religious radicalism. In the type of vulnerability to religious radicalism it is further divided into three types where the first is the tendency of radical terrorism thinking in the name of religion, with 100 respondents, or 14.45% had a low category, 491 respondents or 70.95% being in the moderate category, and 101 respondents or 14.59 % in the high category. Second, the type of vulnerability to the tendency to think radically in the aspect of thinking where 77 students or 11.12%, have a low category, 498 students or 71.96%, are in the medium category. As many as 117 students, or 16.90%, are in the high category. In the third type, namely vulnerability to violent radical thinking tendencies, 76 students or 10.98%, are in a low category, 508 students, or 73.41%, are in the medium category, and 108 students or 15.60%, are in the high category. Meanwhile, in the type of non-religious radicalism, the vulnerability of thinking shows that 97 students or 14.01% are in a low category, 488 students or 70.52%, are in the medium category, and as many as 107 students or 15.46%, are in the high category.

The Disobedience of Design, (vol. Radical Thinkers in Design)

The Disobedience of Design, (vol. Radical Thinkers in Design)

The Battle Between Moderate and Fundamentalist Islamic Groups in Covid-19 Memes on Social Media

The COVID-19 pandemic not only leaves grief for its survivors but also triggers the netizens to create memes containing religious narratives, especially Islam. This research focuses on uncovering meme narratives about COVID-19 which contain the content of religious thought battles between moderate Islamic groups and fundamentalist Islamic groups. The results show that the COVID-19 global disaster has been used as an arena for fighting as well as promoting the thoughts of moderate Islamic groups versus fundamentalists by using memes as an instrument. The thinking of moderate Islamic groups is represented through COVID-19 memes that are rational and tolerant, while COVID-19 memes containing radical thinking content and blasphemy against certain religions and countries mark the thinking of fundamentalist Islamic groups.

The Bai'at Santri System of Islamic Unity Islamic Boarding Schools in Indonesia as An Effort to Deradicalize Religious Behavior

One of the Islamic boarding schools that is known to be quite fundamental in implementing an understanding of Islamic teachings is the Islamic Association Islamic Boarding School. The main sources of Islamic teachings which are the benchmark for truth in all actions, especially those related to faith and sharia are the Koran and al-Hadith. However, if there is minimal development of interpretive methodology for these two sources, it will result in exclusive religious behavior and truth claims for one's own opinions. So, it is not uncommon for this understanding to give rise to cultural conflicts in society where some parties have long practiced traditional Islamic religion and give rise to radical thought patterns and actions. The fundamental and radical thinking pattern which is interpreted politically is not without reason, but refers to various terrorist incidents which when the perpetrators were interviewed and books which were used as references for acts of terrorism indicated radical, takfiri and truth claim thinking patterns which were then aimed at educational products. Deradicalism means eliminating radical actions or radicalism, eliminating all ideologies and currents that give rise to acts of violence and terror. This gives rise to religious radicalism which, at a certain level, gives rise to acts of terror as an implementation of the concept of jihad which causes victims in an inhumane way. The research method uses descriptive analysis with qualitative data types and a sociological approach. The type of data is adjusted to the research objectives, while the primary data source is the caregivers and students of Islamic Association Islamic boarding schools in West Java, East Java and Central Java. Secondary data is in the form of students' allegiance documents, books about the Islamic Association, and profiles of the Islamic Association Islamic boarding school, the tertiary data is all scientific works that support this research. Data was collected by observation, interviews, documentation and literature study. The data collected was analyzed using the content analysis method.

University and resistance: New state and new struggles

Resistance movements in India have often found support and sustenance within universities that have offered profound association, critical engagement, expertise, camaraderie, and, in some cases, even leadership. Working within the structural confines of statism, nationalism and global capitalism, universities have managed to advance critical instruction, pedagogical innovations, and political resistance. This dialectical relationship between the university and society emphasizes the position of educators as inextricably linked to the social production of labor power. With the power to equip students, teachers not only become conduits of emancipatory knowledge but also have the power to politicize students and transform the classroom into spaces of resistance against capitalism, that has consistently emphasized education as a commodity. As a result, universities have offered and preserved crucial spaces of radical (re)thinking and a critical platform for waging a war for democracy. A new form of protracted and collective political resistance is necessary if democracy is to be restored from the ruins of unrestrained capitalism. Being the meeting points of decades of collective struggles of students–teachers–workers, universities may yet again offer that if they survive the assaults of neoliberalism and evolve to preserve its progressive social character.

The Mortgage-backed Securities Market in Hong Kong (China) and China

As asset-backed sercuritization developing not only in western countries but also in Asian countries and districts that have different capital market system and history, especially China, the mortgage backed sercuritization was considered as the most potential product in the ABS market, derived its own charm to attract investors because of the high yield and the policy supported. The study investigate the process of the MBS developing by comparing the history of the market under different types of capital environment and government involvement in the US, Hong Kong and China. The analysis was testified by policies and the roll up data from the market, the key points extracted from the timeline provided the different forms and potential risks of nowadays MBS. therefore, this paper overwhelmingly indicated investors possible concerns about the MBS market after the subprime crisis and other on-going recession of the mortgage market in certain countries, and would bring radical thinking about the process of future investment decision-making.

Typology of 21st Century Islamic Boarding School Education (Pesantren) in Indonesia

This research examines the dynamics of Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia with a focus on typology and development. Through a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, this research identified three developing typologies of Islamic boarding schools: Salaf Islamic Boarding Schools, Modern Islamic Boarding Schools, and Radical Islamic Boarding Schools. Salaf Islamic boarding schools, which are traditional Islamic boarding schools, maintain the teaching of classical Islamic books without adding to the general curriculum. The case study of the Tarbiyatun Nasyi'in Islamic Boarding School in Jombang provides an illustration of the sustainability of the Salafist model which still exists today. Modern Islamic boarding schools, represented by Pondok Modern Gontor, show transformation by incorporating a general curriculum, emphasizing Arabic and English language teaching, and managing Islamic boarding school management neatly. This phenomenon illustrates the adaptation of Islamic boarding schools to the demands of the times and general education. Radical Islamic boarding schools reflect a conservative and scriptural Islamic ideology, often involving fundamentalist views and radicalism. Case studies of Islamic boarding schools in Lamongan and Ngruki highlight the negative impact of radical thinking in the students' thinking patterns and the involvement of some alumni in acts of terrorism. This research describes the variations in educational approaches and religious views in Islamic boarding schools, reflecting the dynamics of Islam in Indonesia. With a deeper understanding of Islamic boarding school typology, this research contributes to detailing the development and role of Islamic boarding schools in shaping Islamic society in Indonesia

مدى عناية المحدثين بالقرائن العقلية في المنهج النقدي

The opposing groups of ahl al-ḥadīth, such as the past Mu’tazilites, groups of thinkers in the present days, and also orientalists that wrote about the Sunnah, assumed that the methods applied by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth critism are not meticulous and elaborated, especially in matn (content) criticism, which, in their view, received an inadequate amount of attention, as opposed to their attention to the criticism of sanad (chains of narration). They deemed that matn criticism must be based solely on the outlook of ʿaql (reasoning) to regard the appropriateness of a ḥadīth. Therefore, this study aims to address the extent of attention designated by al-Muḥaddithūn towards rational evidence in ḥadīth criticism and to highlight their directive in employing reasoning to criticize the chains of narration and the content of a ḥadīth. The research adopts inductive and analytical approaches while presenting the employment of reasoning by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth criticism. Some of the findings of the research lie in several observations: that the methods applied by al-Muḥaddithūn in ḥadīth criticism are based upon solid and profound principles of reasoning that are well-accepted by sensible people. And that all sound ḥadīth came from the Prophet pbuh, which has gone through the processes of criticism established by al-Muḥaddithūn, does not contradict reasoning that is enlightened by the Qurʾān and Sunnah.

The Attitude of Pesantren in Establishing Independence and World Peace

0009-0002-9648-1968Pesantren are Islamic boardinmg schools in Indonesia and were born and developed with the dynamic changes in society. Pesantren has also given birth to figures who are very influential in the process of spreading and preserving the values of Islamic teachings such as scholars like Kiai, ustad, and others.Pesantren is derived from religious teachings and uses character building to make students independent. Pesantren has always been a patron or a spotlight in addressing problematic lifestyles. When viewed in the context of the current era, there are so many problems in everyday life, such as radical thinking that eventually leads to extremist actions causing a division in society. This study aims to answer the question of reality where students can grow on their own and solve a growing issue of radicalism. This study uses a qualitative method using a socially constructive approach. The data is obtained through journals, books, and newspapers. The results of this study, can usher independence as evidenced by the disciplined and responsible attitude of students. Furthermore, the attitude of Pesantren in creating world peace is by instilling Tawazun, Tawassut, and Tasamuh. Pesantren can be reflected in independent students with disciplined attitudes and a sense of responsibility. Along with the provision of moderate attitudes, polite and humble individuals will reflect the values of peace in the community.
 Keywords: Pesantren, Independence, and Peace.

"The New Economy and the Old Morality": Reimagining a Liberal Culture in Howards End

Abstract: Attentive to the transmutation of British liberalism as a political philosophy in the early twentieth century, this essay examines how E. M. Forster's Howards End brings together multiple intellectual sources that trouble standard divisions between liberal and conservative affiliations in reimagining a liberal culture. From the root and branch image of the wych-elm to the "sweetness and light" (79) of the grass, and to the "little platoon" (136) of Howards End, the essay offers fresh interpretations of Forster's novel and reconnects his work with a group of thinkers as diverse as Edmund Burke, William Gladstone, Herbert Spencer, Matthew Arnold, Hobhouse, and John Maynard Keynes.

Heidegger’s Figure of the Last God and Path to Being Itself

In the present article I explain the role of the figure of “the last god” in Heidegger’s thought after the so-called Heideggerian “turn.” Drawing on Heidegger’s Contributions to Philosophy (From Enowning), it is argued that the figure of “the last god” demonstrates Heidegger’s path to “being itself,” which I distinguish from the path to being presented by him in his earlier thought, mainly laid out in Being and Time. The figure of the last god is not to be understood as a god in a religious framework, but rather as an explication of metaphysical radical thinking, rendered as Heidegger’s view of “divinity of the other beginning.” The notion of the last god is presented against the background of several of Heidegger’s ideas (as specifications) discussed in Contributions namely: disclosure of being itself, the renewal of metaphysics, the understanding of nothing/nothingness in relation to being, the problem of the “sign” (Wink) or the ontic and ontological differences. In a metaphorical form, Heidegger leads us – by means of the specifications given – towards the experience of the “last god,” whose “passage” is for Dasein the experience of being itself, is the event of being. In the text presented here, I will “lead” the reader along such “path.” At the same time, I will engage Heidegger’s language without neglecting its semantic “depth,” showing how Heidegger extracts hidden meanings from words.

Isu Syiah Sesat di Universitas Islam Negeri Raden Fatah Palembang; Studi Atas Pandangan Akademisi Dalam Upaya Deradikalisasi Faham Keagamaan

The background to this article is due to the issue of heretical sects against Shia teachings in the view of lecturers or academics at Islamic Religious Colleges (PTKI), including at Raden Fatah State Islamic University (UIN) Palembang. It is feared that the issue of heretical sects will lead to intolerance and radical thinking, such as making statements "infidel" or "heretical" to fellow Muslims. The purpose of this study is to get an overview from academics at UIN Raden Fatah about their views on Shia ideology or sects and to relate it to efforts to deradicalize religious views among the dpsen. The type of this research is a qualitative research. The results of this study indicate that as an academic, the views of UIN Raden Fatah lecturers do not see that all Shia teachings are heretical; except Shia Hullat who are extreme. They even agree that Shia teachings are studied scientifically either in class or in an open discussion to gain an objective and balanced understanding.