Hybrid Group Research Articles

Efficacy of a hybrid technique of simultaneous videolaryngoscopy with flexible bronchoscopy in children with difficult direct laryngoscopy in the Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry.

Children with difficult tracheal intubation are at increased risk of severe complications, including hypoxaemia and cardiac arrest. Increasing experience with the simultaneous use of videolaryngoscopy and flexible bronchoscopy (hybrid) in adults led us to hypothesise that this hybrid technique could be used safely and effectively in children under general anaesthesia. We reviewed observational data from the international Pediatric Difficult Intubation Registry from 2017 to 2021 to assess the safety and efficacy of hybrid tracheal intubation approaches in paediatric patients. In total, 140 patients who underwent 180 attempts at tracheal intubation with the hybrid technique were propensity score-matched 4:1 with 560 patients who underwent 800 attempts with a flexible bronchoscope. In the hybrid group, first attempt success was 70% (98/140) compared with 63% (352/560) in the flexible bronchoscope group (odds ratio (95%CI) 1.4 (0.9-2.1), p = 0.1). Eventual success rates in the matched groups were 90% (126/140) for hybrid vs. 89% (499/560) for flexible bronchoscope (1.1 (0.6-2.1), p = 0.8). Complication rates were similar in both groups (15% (28 complications in 182 attempts) hybrid; 13% (102 complications in 800 attempts) flexible bronchoscope, p = 0.3). The hybrid technique was more likely than flexible bronchoscopy to be used as a rescue technique following the failure of another technique (39% (55/140) vs. 25% (138/560), 2.1 (1.4-3.2) p < 0.001). While technically challenging, the hybrid technique has success rates similar to other advanced airway techniques, few complications and may be considered an alternative technique when developing an airway plan for paediatric patients whose tracheas are difficult to intubate under general anaesthesia.

Exploring the Self‐Cleaning Facets of Fluorinated Graphene Nanoarchitectonics: Progress and Perspectives

AbstractThe development of graphene nanoarchitectonics, including their synthesis, surface modification, interfaces, conductivity and porosity, has moved forward rapidly and attracted attention from interdisciplinary research fields. Fluorinated graphene (FG), a rising star and a fascinating member of graphene family has been identified as a promising material for multiple applications, such as sensors, optics, catalysis and self‐cleaning technologies. In this review, we highlight the important aspects of FG pertinent to physiochemical stability and self‐cleaning technologies. We discuss the precise functionalization of FG surfaces with organic functionalities, which are promising for creating high‐performance graphene derivatives. Also, by utilizing the reactivity of few‐layered FG nanosheets, it is possible to develop coatings based on dispersions of functionalized FG inks coupled with porous solids and tubular nanomaterials with super‐wetting functions. The functional groups of the resultant hybrids are connected to innovative substrates including meshes and macroporous sponges that can be useful for super‐wetting containers and oleophilic sorbents. Furthermore, we discuss hydrophobic FG‐porphyrin hybrids with metal coordination and hydrophobicity dependent photoluminescence. Finally, the self‐cleaning action and anti‐corrosion features of FG hybrids are explored, with potential applications in triboelectric nanogenerators and water harvesting. Future development of these materials should focus on new designs, porosity control, batch uniformity, durable self‐cleaning membranes, smart textiles, eco‐compatible coatings and disposability.

Physiological-dependent alterations on transcriptomic and proteomic patterns of the single and combined temperature and salinity-exposed hybrid grouper, Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂

Global warming and the changes in environmental conditions such as temperature and salinity may affect the health of marine species. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly characterized. The objectives of the present study were to examine the liver transcriptome and proteome of the marine species, hybrid grouper (E. fuscoguttatus ♀ × E. lanceolatus ♂), to assess which physiological pathways are modulated by exposure to climate change-related stressors, how the responses vary with exposure duration, and whether they represent adaptive or maladaptive changes. To answer these questions, the hybrid grouper was subjected to single stressors (elevated temperatures, reduced salinity) or stressor combinations for 3 or 14 days. As endpoints, we examined changes in body and organ growth, liver histopathology, lipid accumulation, and alterations of the liver transcriptome and proteome. The results demonstrated that the elevated temperature resulted in reduced body weight and a reduced liver-somatic index after a 14-day exposure. The spleen-somatic index was significantly decreased compared to controls after 3-day treatment. At the transcriptomic level, the pathways with the greatest numbers of differentially expressed genes at day 3 of exposure were immune-related in all treatment groups. After 14 days of exposure, the transcriptomic and proteomic analyses showed that metabolic and protective processes became activated. The increased lipid droplet accumulation in the hepatocytes is corroborated by the transcriptomic/proteomic findings which show alterations in the pathways of lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. While these changes may represent adaptive responses, the increase of hepatic lipid accumulation despite an overall loss of liver and body weight may represent a maladaptive process. Overall, the physiological responses of the hybrid grouper showed a clear time dependency, and they were partly stressor-specific, with the low salinity treatment separating from the treatments with elevated temperature. When both stressors were combined, the temperature effect dominated the salinity effect.

Feasibility, Client Engagement, and Person-Centeredness of Telehealth Goal Setting and Goal Management Intervention.

Telehealth-delivered goal setting and goal management may guide occupational therapists (OTs) to form a strong foundation of active client engagement and personally meaningful goals on which to base effective telehealth intervention. The objective was to determine the feasibility of a goal setting and goal management system, called MyGoals, delivered through telehealth and hybrid formats for adults with chronic conditions. This was a mixed-method feasibility study. The Credibility and Expectancy Questionnaire and Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 measured credibility, expectancy, and satisfaction. The Goals and Participation subscales of the Client-Centredness of Goal Setting Scale measured engagement and person-centeredness. Targeted self-ratings measured change objective achievement. Individuals' perspectives on MyGoals' feasibility were further explored in semi-structured interviews. In telehealth (N = 8) and hybrid (N = 9) groups, MyGoals had good credibility (M = 25.5, SD = 1.9), expectancy (M = 23.4, SD = 3.3), satisfaction (M = 31.3, SD = 0.9), client engagement (M = 29.4, SD = 1.5), person-centeredness (M = 19.5, SD = 1.2), and change objective achievement (M = 9.6, SD = 0.2). The interview data suggested improvements for MyGoals. In conclusion, telehealth delivery of MyGoals is feasible to support goal setting and goal management for adults with chronic conditions.

Effects of Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Disease Resistance of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂) Fed with Cottonseed Protein Concentrate (CPC) Replacement of Fishmeal.

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of C. butyricum on the growth performance, microbiota, immunity response, and disease resistance in hybrid grouper fed with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) replacement of fishmeal. Six groups of isonitrogenous and isolipid diets were formulated including a positive control group (50% fishmeal, PC), a negative control group (CPC replaced 50% of fishmeal protein, NC), and Clostridium butyricum supplemented with 0.05% (C1, 5 × 108 CFU/kg), 0.2% (C2, 2 × 109 CFU/kg), 0.8% (C3, 8 × 109 CFU/kg), and 3.2% (C4, 3.2 × 1010 CFU/kg), respectively, to the NC group. The results showed that weight gain rate and specific growth rate were significantly higher in the C4 group than that in the NC group (P < 0.05). After supplementation with C. butyricum, the amylase, lipase, and trypsin activities were significantly higher than the NC group (P < 0.05; except group C1), and the same results were obtained for intestinal morphometry. The intestinal proinflammatory factors were significantly downregulated, and the anti-inflammatory factors were significantly upregulated in the C3 and C4 groups compared with the NC group after supplementation with 0.8%-3.2% C. butyricum (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, the PC, NC, and C4 groups were dominated by the Firmicutes and the Proteobacteria. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacillus in the NC group was lower than that in the PC and C4 groups. After supplementation with C. butyricum, grouper in the C4 group showed significantly higher resistance to V. harveyi than the NC group (P < 0.05). Above all, taking into account the effects of immunity and disease resistance, it was recommended to supplement 3.2% C. butyricum in the diet of grouper fed the replacement of 50% fishmeal protein by CPC.

PROTEIN SPARING USING SAGO STARCH ON THE PERFORMANCE OF TIGER GROUPER, EPINEPHELUS FUSCOGUTTATUS ♀ × GIANT GROUPER, E. LANCEOLATUS ♂ HYBRID

Starch is an important non-protein energy source in the practical diets for fish and its optimal inclusion can maximise the use of dietary protein for growth. In the present study, a feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of protein sparing with carbohydrates on growth and diet digestibility in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus). Diets were formulated with lowered levels of protein (50% to 45% and 40%) and increased levels of starch (20% to 25% and 30%). At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and body indices (except for viscerosomatic index) were not significantly influenced (P &gt; 0.05) by the dietary treatments. In contrast, the whole-body proximate fish and liver compositions depended on the test diets. The dietary starch influences the haematological parameters, even though no clear trend was observed. Meanwhile, the apparent digestibility coefficient of protein and lipid was considered high in all experimental diets. Overall, the diet with protein level lowered to 45% and starch level increased to 30% performed as well as the control diet, indicating some ability of hybrid grouper to utilise sago starch as an energy source to spare protein.

Hybrid Method for Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Insertion: A New Technique for Improved Outcomes and Reduced Costs

Introduction: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a well-established treatment choice for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). While there are several methods for PD catheter insertion, they each have limitations. In this study, we present a new hybrid method for PD catheter insertion and compare it to the conventional laparoscopic method. Methods: This retrospective study included 171 patients who were undergoing their first PD catheter insertion, and a total of 20% of the enrolled patients had a past medical history of abdominal surgery. Out of these, 101 patients underwent the laparoscopic method and 70 underwent a new invented hybrid method. The study aimed to compare the surgical outcomes, incidence of early and late complications, hospital stay, and medical expenses between the two groups. Results: There were no notable differences in basic demographic features and comorbid conditions between the two groups. The results of our data revealed that the hybrid group had a significantly shorter break-in period and did not require temporary hemodialysis. Additionally, length of hospital stay and medical costs were significantly lower in the hybrid group (all p < 0.05). The incidence of early complications was lower in the hybrid group, while the incidence of late complications was comparable between the two groups. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that the hybrid method of PD catheter insertion provides a safe and efficient alternative to the traditional laparoscopic method, enabling urgent-start PD and reducing hospital stays and medical expenses. Our findings support the use of the hybrid method as a new standard of care for ESKD patients undergoing PD catheter insertion.

A Hybrid Auricular Framework of Autologous Rib Cartilage and a Porous Polyethylene Implant for Reconstruction of Congenital Microtia: A Modification of Nagata's Technique.

Background: An implant (porous polyethylene) is an alternative to rib cartilage for microtia reconstruction but carries a risk of extrusion. Objective: To evaluate the outcome of a hybrid framework of implant with rib cartilage for microtia reconstruction. Methods: Patients who underwent Nagata's technique for microtia reconstruction were reviewed for complications and aesthetic score. In stage 1, a rib cartilage framework or a hybrid framework of implant with rib cartilage was used. In stage 2, the framework was elevated and supported by an implant for projection. Postoperative outcomes were reported for both groups. Results: Forty-four ears of 40 patients underwent surgery. Eleven ears received a rib auricular framework and 33 ears a hybrid auricular framework. The mean postoperative follow-up for the rib and hybrid groups was 76.3 and 43.1 months, respectively. No supporting postauricular implant extruded, whereas stainless-steel wires extruded in seven ears (15.9%). Five (15.2%) hybrid frameworks were removed due to infection or extrusion. Mean operating time was 2 h shorter in the hybrid group. Aesthetic outcomes were similar for both groups. Conclusion: A hybrid framework of rib and implant that requires less harvested cartilage is feasible for microtia reconstruction, but caution should be used due to its higher explantation rate.

0384 Assessing the content validity of the IDSIQ through cognitive interviews in individuals with comorbid insomnia and nocturia

Abstract Introduction The Insomnia Daytime Symptoms and Impacts Questionnaire (IDSIQ) is validated to measure daytime functioning in individuals with insomnia disorder. This study assessed the content validity of the IDSIQ through cognitive interviews in individuals with insomnia and comorbid nocturia. Methods This was a cross-sectional, qualitative observational study. Data were collected from 10 adult subjects from the US suffering from insomnia disorder (DSM-5) and comorbid nocturia (≥2 nocturnal voids). One-on-one, web-based interviews were conducted using semi-structured guides and lasted 60–90 minutes. Based on the stage of the study, all participants examined the content validity of the IDSIQ as part of 1) hybrid concept elicitation and cognitive interviews (n=5; Stage 1), or 2) cognitive interviews (n=5; Stage 2). Institutional review board approval and web-based informed consent were obtained prior to the patient interviews. Results The mean age of participants was 59.5 years (SD=4.3) and 62.2 years (SD=8.5) in the hybrid and cognitive interview groups, respectively. All individuals in the hybrid interviews were female, whereas all individuals in the cognitive interviews were male. Participants’ overall impressions were positive (10/10), describing the IDSIQ as straightforward (5/10), good (1/10), simple (1/10), very precise (1/10), very specific (1/10), clear (1/10), and aligned with their experience (3/10). The items were understood by all participants (10/10) except Item 1, which was understood by almost all participants (9/10). One participant suggested that the responses to questions on the IDSIQ may vary depending on the time the survey is administered, and the amount of sleep obtained the previous night. All 10 participants reported that they could answer all questions. Of the nine participants who were asked, all stated that the IDSIQ was relevant to their experience of their condition. Most participants reported that there were no missing items, whereas two participants stated that an item assessing the impact of insomnia on personal relationships (including family) was missing. Conclusion The content of the IDSIQ was easy to understand by patients that suffer from insomnia and comorbid nocturia. The study provides evidence for the content validity of the IDSIQ and its applicability in this population. Support (if any) Funded by Idorsia Pharmaceuticals Ltd.

Trends in Japanese University Education Digital Transformation (DX) and Case Study of Hybrid Group Work Exercisesin Aoyama Gakuin University

Trends in Japanese University Education Digital Transformation (DX) and Case Study of Hybrid Group Work Exercisesin Aoyama Gakuin University

Features of growth and development of sturgeons and their hybrid forms in industrial conditions

The article presents the results of assessing the exterior indicators of sturgeon hybrids when grown under certain conditions. Experimental studies were carried out at LLC "Mulinsky fish farm" of the Nizhny Novgorod region in 2019-2022. The object of the study was sturgeons of different genotypes (Russian sturgeon - group 1, Siberian sturgeon - group 2, hybrids of Russian sturgeon with Siberian - group 3 and hybrids of Siberian sturgeon with Russian species - group 4). In a comparative aspect, the growth rates of various genotypic groups of sturgeon fish species were determined when grown in a recirculating water supply installation. Based on the data on morphometric parameters, it was found out that the difference in the studied characteristics is not significant. As a result of comparison of external features, it was found that the fish of all groups had a physique typical of sturgeons. Based on the analysis of the conducted studies, it can be concluded that the 3rd hybrid group was the leader in terms of total and commercial length in all age periods, surpassing the groups of other genotypes. It is also important to note that the hybrid groups outperformed the purebred forms, it was proved that the effect of heterosis appeared. In terms of body weight in all age periods, their heterogeneity is noted, so at the age of 3.6 and 9 months, the largest mass among all groups is observed in group 1, where hybrids are superior to purebred forms, by 12 months the situation changes and at 18, 24 months hybrids begin to exceed parental forms, that is, a hybrid force is manifested. Changes in body length, height and girth can be attributed to the characteristics of the breed.

CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF MAIZE GROWING IN UKRAINE

Over the past decades, the area of corn sowing in Ukraine has more than doubled and is now about 5 million. The analysis of statistical data shows that from 2011 to 2022, the sowing and harvesting area in Ukraine increased from 3,543.7 thousand ha to 4,200 thousand ha. Analyzing the level of grain yield from 2011 to 2022, it should be noted that favorable hydrothermal conditions occurred in 2016, 2018, 2019, 2021 − respectively 6.6; 7.84; 7.19; 8.01 t/ha. The years 2012, 2015, 2017 and 2020 were less favorable for the hydrothermal regime,the level of corn productivity was 4.79; 5.71; 5.51; 5.62 t/ha. 2018 - 35,801 thousand tons, 2019 - 35,880 thousand tons, and 2021 - 39,819 thousand tons turned out to be record-breaking for the production of gross corn grain, which is primarily due to the level of yield of corn hybrids in these years. One of the important factors in the formation of a high yield of corn is the plant nutrition system, in which the share of influence is 30-40%. A number of domestic and foreign scientists in different soil and climatic zones investigated the effectiveness of the corn fertilization system due to the main and foliar application of mineral fertilizers and microfertilizers. However, such studies must be improved taking into account new forms, application rates, terms of application according to the stages of organogenesis and maturity groups of corn hybrids and their biological requirements. So, with the aim of optimizing the technological methods of growing corn and finding ways to increase the productivity level, we have established a three-factor field experiment: Factor A - hybrids: 1. DKS 3795 (FAO 250); 2. DKS 3972 (FAO 300); DKS 4351 (FAO 350).Factor B - sowing rates: 1. 60 thousand/ha; 2. 65 thousand/ha; 3. 70 thousand/ha. Factor C - Fertilizer: 1. Control (without fertilizer); 2. N-100, P-31 (background); 3. Background + Zinc sulfate; 4. Fon+ Ecoorganic Zinc; 5. Background + Zinc sulfate + Ecoorganic Zinc; 6. Background + Zinc sulfate + Ecoorganic Boron; 7. Background + Zinc sulfate + Eco-organic Zinc + Eco-organic Boron.

Effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance and intestinal health of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀)

This trial was performed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth and intestinal health of hybrid groupers (Epinephelus lanceolatus♂ × E. fuscoguttatus♀). 300 hybrid groupers were fed five diets containing C. butyricum at 0, 1 × 107, 2 × 107, 3 × 107, 4 × 107 CFU/g for 8 weeks. The results revealed that dietary C. butyricum significantly increased weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR) and relative feed intake (RFI) (P < 0.05). Moderate C. butyricum significantly promoted lipase (LPS), chymotrypsin (CTS), alpha amylase (α-AMS), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) activities and up-regulated intestinal manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), interleukin10 (IL-10), transforming growth factorβ (TGF-β), zonula occludens protein-2 (ZO-2), zonula occludens protein-3 (ZO-3), Occludin and Claudin-3a mRNA levels, while significantly decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and down-regulated intestinal Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and interleukin 8 (IL-8) mRNA levels (P < 0.05). 1 × 107 CFU/g C. butyricum significantly augmented villus length, muscle thickness and goblet cells in intestine of hybrid groupers (P < 0.05). 1 × 107 CFU/g C. butyricum significantly increased richness and diversity of intestinal microbiota (P < 0.05) and abundance of beneficial bacteria. Meanwhile, 1 × 107 CFU/g C. butyricum decreased the risk of conditional pathogenic bacteria to invade the host.

Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. Damselae (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.

Hybrid Ureteroenteric Anastomosis Is Associated With Lower Stricture Rates in Ileal Conduit Urinary Diversion

BackgroundAnatomic complications of the ureteroenteric anastomosis in ileal conduit (IC) cause significant morbidity in patients post-cystectomy and cystoprostatectomy. The Bricker technique has a perceived disadvantage of increased risk for stricture, whereas the Wallace technique runs the risk for ureteral malignancy affecting both ureteric ends, and bilateral ureteric obstruction from a stone lodged at the anastomosis. We aimed to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and stricture rate of a novel hybrid ureteroenteric anastomosis technique. We compared these outcomes to the Bricker and Wallace anastomosis techniques for IC urinary diversion (ICUD).MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of patients who had undergone ICUD after cystectomy for bladder cancer from 2011 to 2016. Patients were categorized into groups undergoing the Bricker, Wallace, and hybrid ureteroanastomosic techniques. Strictures were identified during clinical follow-up or hospital presentations with complications.ResultsWe identified 68 patients suitable for inclusion. They were separated by Bricker, Wallace, and hybrid anastomosis techniques, with 19 (27.9%), 20 (29.4%), and 29 (42.6%) patients, respectively. Ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures occurred in 9 patients (5 Bricker, 3 Wallace, 1 hybrid). This difference in stricture rates for Bricker versus hybrid (26.3% vs. 3.4%; OR, 10 [95% CI, 1.1 to 121.1]; P = 0.02) was significant but was comparable for Wallace versus hybrid (15.0% vs. 3.4%; OR, 4.9 [0.7 to 66.0]; P = 0.15) and for Bricker versus Wallace (26.3% vs. 15.0%; OR, 2 [0.4 to 8.6]; P = 0.87). 15 patients (51%) in the hybrid group required oral antibiotics for a symptomatic urinary tract infection compared with 4 (21%) with Bricker and 8 (40%) with Wallace (P = 0.10). Median post-cystectomy follow-up and stricture formation time were 16 months (IQR, 4–36) and 9 months (7–32), respectively.ConclusionThe hybrid technique is a safe and efficacious alternative to the Bricker and Wallace anastomoses. It carries with it a risk for urinary tract infection that is eclipsed by substantially lowered rates of ureteric strictures requiring intervention while maintaining the advantage of separating the two ureters.

Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using hybrid group teaching optimization algorithm and volcano Eruption algorithm

Design of rectangular microstrip patch antenna using hybrid group teaching optimization algorithm and volcano Eruption algorithm

Morpho-physiological-based selection criteria for chili (Capsicum annuum) under drought stress during vegetative to generative phase

Abstract. Istiqomah I, Isnansetyo A, Murwantoko, Handayani DP, Lestari YN, Taslihan A, Permana IGN, Wijayanti E. 2023. Antibiotic resistance of emerging pathogenic bacteria of hybrid grouper farming in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2493-2501. A hybrid grouper is among the main coastal farming species in Asian countries, yet vibriosis is still a significant issue. Therefore, a knowledge of pathogenic strains responsible for recent cases is essential for developing appropriate control measures. The purpose of the study was to describe emerging bacterial pathogens associated with hemorrhagic disorder, skin wounds, and mortality in cantang hybrid grouper farms in Indonesia. A total of 30 bacterial strains were recovered from the kidney of diseased grouper on TCBS agar. Based on the ability to induce clinical signs and mortality of grouper juveniles owing to intraperitoneal bacterial infection at 106 CFU/fish, the bacteria were divided into three groups: pathogenic (n=11), low-pathogenic (n=2), and non-pathogenic (n=17). The pathogenic strains were putatively identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. damsela (n=8), Vibrio alginolyticus (n=1), Vibrio harveyi (n=2), and Vibrio azureus (n=2) based on the biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA and DNA gyrase B subunit gene sequences. The pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to erythromycin, gentamycin, oxytetracycline, and kanamycin. However, it still has various resistant patterns to ampicillin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, rifampicin, and enrofloxacin. This study demonstrated the emergence of pathogenic P. damselae subsp. damselae, Vibrio alginolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. azureus in grouper aquaculture in Indonesia with multiple antibiotic resistance, which needed to further studies.

The Microflora Structure in the Digestive Tract, Culture Water, and Feed of Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. polyphekadion♂) Cultured in an Outdoor Pond Based on a High-Throughput Sequencing Technique

Nutrition, disease, and general wellbeing can be affected by the microbial communities associated with the digestive tracts of aquaculture species. Different sections of aquaculture species’ digestive tracts have distinctive surfaces and structures, which can change microbial communities. The present study examined the composition and distribution of bacterial species in the intestine of hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus E. polyphekadion) and its aquaculture environment. Using high-throughput pyrosequencing, a 16S rRNA sequence analysis was performed on hybrid grouper foregut, midgut, and hindgut, as well as cultured water and feed. There were 610,452 sequences obtained from five components (foregut, midgut, hindgut, water, and feed). Among operational taxa (OTUs), 506 of them were detected in the foregut, 605 in the midgut, 510 in the hindgut, and 573 in aquaculture water and feed samples. A total of 113 were detected in 5 samples. A species annotation revealed that hybrid grouper intestinal tracts were dominated by Proteobacteria (67.3%–73.7%), Firmicutes (8.4%–14.0%), and Actinobacteria (6.9%–10.5%). In aquaculture culture water, Proteobacteria were predominant (36.3%), Actinobacteria (30.0%), and Planctomycetes (14.0%). Acinetobacter (1.4%–17.9%) and Photobacterium (32.0%–57.5%) dominated the intestine. Photobacterium (3.6%) and Mycobacterium (7.1%) dominated the water bacteria. The water and intestine contained five potentially pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, Escherichia coli, Aeromonas bacteria, and Vibrio. The highest proportion of Vibrio was found in the water (1.7%), while Pseudomonas dominated the midgut (2.6%). Six potential probiotics were detected in the aquaculture water and intestine (Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Bdellovibrio, Lactobacillus, Bacillus, and Bacteroides). Aquaculture water and intestines contained Bacillus, Bacteroides, and Lactobacillus. According to the findings, the intestinal flora of hybrid grouper is closely correlated with its pond culture environment. Results from the study provide an experimental basis for the controlled breeding of hybrid groupers and the regulation of their microecological processes in the breeding environment deepen our understanding of the intestinal bacterial population of healthy hybrid groupers.

Digital information literacy, self-directed learning, and personal knowledge management in critical readers: Application of IDC Theory

The usefulness of self-directed learning ability in education has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, there has been much less understanding of the importance of digital information literacy, as well as how to manage these abilities and knowledge, and their effects on learning processes, especially in the current situation of digital education dominance and the necessity of interest creation in students. In order to address such needs and to evaluate students, as well as determine the effectiveness of the Interest-Driven Creator (IDC) loops, this study was conducted. In this study, 164 English language students were asked to participate in the pre-test, treatment, and post-test processes, while the treatments for the IDC group were developed in the form of interest-creation-habit triple loops. The results represented that IDC hybrid instruction was more effective in strengthening digital information literacy and personal knowledge management; and the IDC hybrid group outperformed the non-IDC hybrid group in terms of self-directed learning skills. These findings also revealed that to develop self-directed learning in critical readers, in addition to digital skills and how to manage and apply acquired knowledge, learning instructions (i.e., interest-creation-habit loops) have been effective. The IDC-hybrid group also identified the features of participation, perception-interest and facility-opportunity as the most significant and tangible ones.

Comparison of Clinical Outcomes of Endovascular Therapy and Hybrid Surgery in the Treatment of Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II D Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease.

To study and compare the clinical outcomes of endovascular therapy with those of hybrid surgery in the treatment of Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II (TASC II) D aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD). Patients with TASC II D-type AIOD who underwent their first surgical treatment at our hospital between March 2018 and March 2021 were enrolled and followed up to evaluate the improvement in symptoms, complications, and primary patency. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the differences in primary patency between the treatment groups. In total, 132 of 139 enrolled patients (94.96%) achieved technical success following treatment. The perioperative mortality rate was 1.44% (2/139), and postoperative complications occurred in two patients. Among the patients who successfully underwent surgery, 120 underwent endovascular treatment (110 patients with stenting and 10 patients with thrombolysis before stenting), 10 underwent hybrid surgery, and 2 underwent open surgery. The follow-up data were compared between the endovascular and hybrid groups. At the end of the follow-up period, the patency rates in the hybrid and endovascular groups were 100% and 89.17% (107/120), respectively. The endovascular group achieved primary patency rates of 94.12%, 92.44%, and 89.08% at 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively, respectively, whereas the primary patency rate remained at 100% in the hybrid group, with no significant variation between the endovascular and hybrid groups (P = 0.289). The endovascular group was further divided into a stent subgroup (110 patients) and a thrombolysis/stent subgroup (10 patients), and no prominent variation was noted in the primary patency between the two subgroups (P = 0.276). Although open surgery is the gold standard treatment for TASC II D-type AIOD, endovascular and hybrid treatments are feasible and effective. Both methods showed good technical success and early to midterm primary patency rates.