Group Of Dairy Farmers Research Articles

Farmer satisfaction to dairy cattle cooperative business in Banyumas District, Central Java

This study aims to examine the farmers' satisfaction to the cooperative services, and the effects of cooperative businesses on cooperative dairy farmer member. The study was conducted in six groups of dairy farmers, in total 30 farmers were selected as respondents. Farmers were selected using two stages cluster method. Primary and secondary data from cooperative dairy business unit and the farmers were analysed using descriptive analysis. Result showed that unsatisfied were occurred to the cooperative because milk price reason, then reduces farmer motivation. However, the member dependency on cooperative services is generally quite high. The ownership of cattle in each farmer was relatively small made the dependency of cooperative service in accordance to develop their business. Moreover, results also revealing the fact that dairy farming business owned by cooperative members did not significant develop over last five years, especially from the point of view the number of cattle owned.

Forms of territorial embeddedness in dairy value chains Case of the Chartreuse massif (French Alps): geographical and historical perspectives

Abstract The ending of milk quotas marks a breach in the mode of milk supply management. Farmers and actors of territorial development are concerned about the future of dairy farming since we can observe a loss of autonomy and sovereignty in front of agro-industries. In this context a group of dairy farmers in the Chartreuse massif (French Northern Alps) wished to conduct a reflection on their future. It consisted in better understanding the territorial embeddedness of dairy value chains, compared with what could be done elsewhere (geographical perspective), and what has been done in the history of the area (historical perspective). We used a same reading grid based on six criteria relative to the geographic embeddedness of the value chains, the ability of the producers to specify their resources, and to organize themselves and be autonomous. Of the 18 initiatives analyzed concerning dairy products, we identified four types of territorial embeddedness. The history of Chartreuse shows different trajectories of loss and gain of autonomy for the dairy producers and a loss of collective. We discuss the cross-reading of these geographical and historical perspectives and their meanings in terms of territorial embeddedness and for the Chartreuse producers.

Strategi Pengembangan Model Bisnis Klaster Industri Produk Olahan Susu Cipageran

The industrial cluster of dairy products Cipageran Cimahi is a joint organization of several groups engaged in animal husbandry, including dairy farmer groups and dairy processing groups that in carrying out its objectives the organization has not been able to run the business model effectively, so new strategies are needed to improve its business model . The objectives of the research are: (1) to mapping the initial condition of industrial cluster business model of Cipageran dairy products; (2) identifying internal and external factors; (3) to formulate development and improvement strategy in industrial clusters of Cipageran dairy products. The method of analysis in this study used a combination of Business Model Canvas (BMC) approach and the matrix of Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) in formulating the improvement strategy and business development of industrial cluster of Cipageran dairy products. The results of this study indicate that there should be improvement on each element in Cipageran dairy industry cluster business model. The improvement strategy includes: (1) Developing infrastructure and information technology network; (2) developing the human resources of the cow processing and breeder groups; (3) developing innovation culture by utilizing strong partnership, soul and mentality of high entrepreneurship and good quality according to applicable SOP; 4) to increase the economic value of the dairy cattle industry clusters in terms of leadership capability and legalization of contracts between processors, breeders and consumers.

Evaluating knowledge integration and co-production in a 2-year collaborative learning process with smallholder dairy farmer groups

Although knowledge integration and co-production are integral to transdisciplinary approaches to foster sustainable change in social–ecological systems, this type of research is usually not evaluated based on assessments of the learning process. While participants are meant to be central in such approaches, too often, their perspectives are not central to the evaluation. Moreover, there is limited empirical information about how new knowledge is transformed into action. We respond to these knowledge gaps by analyzing (A) farmers’ perspectives on the collaborative learning process and (B) how farmers’ new knowledge can serve as the basis for changed actions. Theoretically, we are guided by second-order cybernetics and have integrated the Control Loop Model with Learning Loops to extend Kirkpatrick (Evaluating training programs: the four levels, 2nd edn. Berrett-Koehler Publisher, San Francisco, 1998) four-level evaluation scheme. We apply this to evaluate a 2-year collaborative learning process with two smallholder dairy farmer groups in Nakuru County, Kenya that aimed to co-develop local sustainable pathways to reduce milk losses. Results showed that farmers learned by (1) implementing corrective actions based on known cause–effect relations (single-loop learning); (2) discovering new cause–effect relations and testing their effect (double-loop learning); and (3) further questioning and changing their aims (triple-loop learning). Highlighting the importance of knowledge integration and co-production, this collaboration between farmers, researchers, and field assistants improved the farmers’ ability to respond, adapt, and intentionally transform their farming system in relation with complex sustainability challenges. Results demonstrate that the potential of our evaluation scheme to better reflect learning and empowerment experienced by actors involved in transdisciplinary research for sustainability.

IbM KELOMPOK PETERNAK SAPI PERAH Dl BENDUL MERISI KELURAHAN BENDUL MERISI, KECAMATAN WONOCOLO, KOTA SURABAYA

Potential products fresh milk from a partners dairy farmers in the area Bendul Merisi Surabaya is still quite favorable, but the technology has not been used in terms of addressing the problem of livestock waste, so the existence of the business partners still largely very simple in handling the waste, which could impact unhealthy society around. The existence of farm businesses that are geographically dense settlements which are urban areas in Surabaya, where villagers are a mixture of local women for newcomers. Required touch technology and knowledge in the group of dairy farmers are still traditional, thus providing added value to the farm business that is expected to have an impact on the surrounding environment healthier. In the implementation of community service (PPM) is made to partners I, namely Mr. Masoud located in the Bendul Merisi, 27 Surabaya and partners II, Mrs. Aslam in the Bendul Merisi, 31 Surabaya, both within the village RW.6 RT.5 Bendul Merisi Wonocolo Subdistrict Surabaya. Priority issues in general partners after advocacy by Tim PPM states have realized the importance of livestock wastewater treatment so as not to impact negatively on the environment and understand the importance of fresh milk production management by developing a broader market access (internet media). The purpose of this devotion 1). provide a good understanding of the handling of liquid waste from the farm; 2). provide a good understanding of marketing management of fresh dairy products; 3). develop household business partners who are economically independent. The method is offered for problems of waste and management are 1) helping to prepare the handling and management of liquid waste effectively is by building bathtub tiered so that the water coming out of the location of the farm is quite clean and does not pollute the environment, 2) help increase the marketing management product by utilizing Internet access. By the conclusion of 2016 IbM have done the steps are 1) the innovation of science and technology in the form of construction of wastewater treatment basin farms in stages; 2) advocacy to partner in improving the understanding of appropriate technology and 3) to facilitate the implementation of Internet technology to expand its internet blog marketing information and business networks. With these steps, the partners feel the positive benefits such as ease of access to fresh milk sales and the emergence of consciousness and moral responsibility for pollution of river water in view of the farm is located in a densely populated urban environment Surabaya. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/abdimas.v2i2.1811

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF MILK PRODUCTION IN AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES

Introduction. The development of dairy production, which the consumption of milk and dairy products depends on, should be based on the effective functioning of market-oriented agrarian formations. The experience of the recent years indicates the creation of a powerful group of dairy farms, whose share in production is constantly increasing. The article analyses the dynamics of the main indicators of the economic efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises of Ukraine. The structure of production costs is considered. The directions of their reduction are determined. Grouping of agricultural enterprises is made depending on the number of cows, their productivity, concentration and specialization of production. Purpose. The article aims to develop methodological principles for estimation the impact of some factors on the economic efficiency of milk production in agricultural enterprises in Ukraine. Results. It has been established that milk production as a whole has become profitable during the last decade, especially for groups of farms with 500 and more cows. It has been proved that in case of impossibility of influence on the purchase price, one of the directions of maintenance of profitability is the increase of cows’ productivity. The main factors that influence the economic efficiency of milk production have been identified. They are the concentration and specialization of production, the deepening of which will provide profitability to ensure expanded reproduction, intensification of production, introduction of innovative technologies, increase the competitiveness of domestic dairy farms.

English

This study aimed at identifying factors affecting farm gate milk price heterogeneity in dairy farmer households in Kericho County, Kenya. Multistage cluster sampling technique was used to collect data from 432 dairy farmer households. To estimate survey data, multivariate probit and selectivity biased mixed-effects linear regression models were used. Results showed that increased daily milk output sold and number of commercial milk buyers resulted in increased probability of farm gate milk price variability by 3.8 and 12%, respectively. However, number of milking cows and trust levels on commercial milk buyer by seller decreased farm gate milk price heterogeneity by 89 and 87%, respectively. While selling through commercial, milk buyers had significant positive effect on farm gate milk price, majority of dairy farmer households were hesitant to engage with them since milk buyers valued supply security which came from trusted relationships and contracts. Therefore, critical strategies to improve farm gate milk prices are needed. These include strengthening of dairy farmer groups and partnership development, bolstering milk cooperative societies and increased financial investments in livestock milk markets by national and county governments.   Key words: Farm gate milk price, price heterogeneity, mixed-effects linear regression, dairy farmer households, Kericho County, Kenya. &nbsp

THE PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF DAIRY CATTLE BUSINESS ON THE GROUP OF DAIRY FARMERS IN WEST UNGARAN DISTRICT SEMARANG REGENCY

The objective of the study was to determine the profitability of dairy cattle business on the group of dairy farming in District of West Ungaran, Semarang Regency. This research was conducted from February to March 2016 through a survey method. Respondents in this study were lactating dairy farmers on the group of dairy farmers in District of West Ungaran. Then, location was determined by using purposive sampling. Further, respondents were determined by using census method for 40 people; those were 11 respondents of Mardi Mulyo farmer group members, 4 respondents of Sumber Hasil members, and 25 respondents of Ngudi Makmur members. Then, data were analyzed by employing the analysis of income and profitability. The result of study indicated that the average income over the cash cost was as much as IDR. 34,708,139.20 per year or IDR.2,892,344.93 per month, and the average income over the total cost was as much as IDR.4,867,808.92 per year or IDR. 405,650.74 per month. The profitability was 10.34% greater than the bank interest for farming business loans for 5% per year. It could be concluded that dairy cattle business on the group of dairy farmers in West Ungaran was profitable.

A survey of antimicrobial use in dairy cows from farms in four regions of New Zealand

AIMS: To assess the use of antimicrobials in dairy cows over three seasons in a group of dairy farms within the Southland and South Otago region, and to assess antimicrobial use in one season in a group of monitored dairy farms in four regions of New Zealand.METHODS: Sales data were collated for all antimicrobials purchased by 399, 406 and 436 dairy farms in the Southland and South Otago regions for the 2012–13, 2013–14 and 2014–15 seasons, respectively, and from 108 dairy farms in the Manawatu, Taranaki, North Canterbury, and Southland and South Otago regions of New Zealand for 2014–15. Antimicrobials were categorised by class and product type (injectable, or dry cow or lactating cow intramammary). Antimicrobial usage was calculated as the mass of active ingredient (ai) per kg biomass, or population correction unit (PCU), with biomass estimated from the number of cows and heifers in the milking herd on 1 June multiplied by 458 kg.RESULTS: Estimated annual use of antimicrobials in the Southland and South Otago herds was 8.47, 9.58 and 9.54 mg ai/PCU for the three seasons, and for herds in the four regions was 8.65 mg ai/PCU for 2014–15. Penicillins were the most commonly used antimicrobials. Between 2012 and 2015, penicillin use increased from 5.75 to 7.44 mg ai/PCU, whereas there was a decrease in use of macrolides (1.19 to 1.04 mg ai/PCU) and cephalosporins (0.82 to 0.45 mg ai/PCU). Estimated annual use in 2014–15 by herds in Manawatu, Taranaki, North Canterbury, and Southland and South Otago was 8.93, 5.28, 6.44 and 9.97 mg ai/PCU, respectively, and also varied with size of herd. In these herds, injectable products were most commonly used (4.89 mg ai/PCU), followed by dry cow intramammary (3.04 mg ai/PCU), then lactating cow intramammary treatments (0.71 mg ai/PCU).CONCLUSIONS: The use of antimicrobials in dairy cows in New Zealand appears low by international standards, but varied across years and across regions. The vast majority of antimicrobials used by class were penicillins. This is the first attempt at a national assessment of antimicrobial use by volume and type for dairy cows in New Zealand and will aid in the progression of a strategy of reduction, refinement and replacement of antimicrobial use in animals.

Factors influencing antimicrobial prescribing by veterinarians and usage by dairy farmers in New Zealand

AIMS: To determine the factors associated with the selection of antimicrobials by dairy veterinarians, and the attitudes of those veterinarians and dairy farmers to antimicrobial usage and resistance. METHODS: Facilitated focus groups of dairy farmers (n=22) and an anonymous online survey of dairy cattle veterinarians (n=206 respondents) were used to determine prescribing behaviour, factors affecting prescribing of antimicrobials, and the attitudes of veterinarians and farmers to the use of antimicrobials and the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). RESULTS: Amongst the 22 farmers, the most common primary reason for choosing an antimicrobial was veterinary advice (87%) followed by personal experience (68%). Farmers had limited knowledge or concern about the risk of AMR, particularly outside their farm, with only 47% and 26% agreeing or strongly agreeing that use of antimicrobials on their farm would increase the risk of resistance in their herd and in humans, respectively. Prescribing of antimicrobials by veterinarians was predominantly based on diagnosis (168/206; 82%), and response to previous therapy (134/206; 65%), while duration above the minimum inhibitory concentration (43/206; 21%) was also considered important. Non-clinical factors such as withholding period (52/206; 25%) and farmers’ preferences (45/206; 22%) also influenced prescribing. Antimicrobial culture and susceptibility testing was not widely used, with 126/166 (76%) having culture results for less than four of the last 10 clinical mastitis cases for which they prescribed antimicrobials. Attitudes about prescribing and AMR varied with years of practice, gender and employment status. CONCLUSIONS: Veterinarians primarily considered technical reasons when prescribing antimicrobials. However non-technical factors did influence prescribing, in particular client feedback about perceived efficacy and perceptions of cost/benefit. Farmers stated that veterinarians were the most credible source of advice for selection of antimicrobials, but that personal experience on their farm was also important. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Farmers’ perception of efficacy of antimicrobials, based on clinical outcomes, is an important determinant of their preferred choice of product. Hence, where changes in on-farm use patterns are required, clear communication by veterinarians about prudent antimicrobial choice and usage will require initial education around classes of antimicrobials and risk of resistance, as well as information around assessing efficacy of antimicrobial usage. Many veterinarians are in businesses that do not have practice prescribing policies. Such policies would likely lead to more consistent and judicious use of antimicrobials.

Erratum to: Characterising and comparing drug-dispensing practices at animal health outlets in the Rift Valley, Kenya: an exploratory analysis (part II).

A mixed-method study was conducted in the Rift Valley of Kenya to characterise drug-dispensing practices amongst staff at animal health outlets and to explore perceptions of veterinary medicines amongst pastoralists and farmers. Forty structured questionnaires were administered to staff at animal health outlets, including franchise outlets of ‘Sidai Africa Ltd.’, and two focus group discussions were facilitated to explore the perceptions of local animal health services by a Maasai pastoralist group and a dairy farmer cooperative. Differences were detected in the characteristics of Sidai outlets, agrovets, pharmacies and dukas. A greater proportion of Sidai outlet staff selected drugs based on principles of responsible drug use than staff at other types of outlet, and technical qualifications and training were associated with responsible drug use. Across all outlet types, staff knowledge and training gaps were identified, including in the correct administration of medicines. The majority of drug sales are accompanied by verbal advice to farmers. Members of the Maasai pastoralist group were concerned about accidental self-medication, withdrawal periods, drug residues and the misuse of drugs due to a lack of quality information and advice. The dairy farmer group raised similar concerns, reporting under-dosing as a common mistake amongst farmers. This study concludes that current knowledge, attitudes and practices of many service providers and livestock owners in the sale, purchase and use of veterinary medicines present risks of drug misuse and therefore the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. There is a clear demand from livestock keepers for accessible, affordable and quality animal health services and products in Kenya, and animal health practitioners have the potential to provide increased support to livestock-based livelihoods and act as stewards of our existing portfolio of animal and human medicines.

A case–control study to estimate the effects of acute clinical infection with the Schmallenberg virus on milk yield, fertility and veterinary costs in Swiss dairy herds

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was first detected in Switzerland in July 2012 and many Swiss dairy farmers reported acute clinical signs in dairy cattle during the spread of the virus until December 2012. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of an acute infection with SBV on milk yield, fertility and veterinary costs in dairy farms with clinical signs of SBV infection (case farms), and to compare those farms to a matched control group of dairy farms in which cattle did not show clinical signs of SBV infection.Herd size was significantly (p<0.001) larger in case farms (33 cows, n=77) than in control farms (25 cows, n=84). Within case herds, 14.8% (median) of the cows showed acute clinical signs. Managers from case farms indicated to have observed a higher abortion rate during the year with SBV (6.5%) than in the previous year (3.7%). Analysis of fertility parameters based on veterinary bills and data from the breeding associations showed no significant differences between case and control farms. The general veterinary costs per cow from July to December 2012 were significantly higher (p=0.02) in case (CHF 19.80; EUR 16.50) than in control farms (CHF 15.90; EUR 13.25). No differences in milk yield were found between groups, but there was a significant decrease in milk production in case farms in the second half year in 2012 compared to the same period in 2011 (p<0.001) and 2013 (p=0.009). The average daily milk yield per cow (both groups together) was +0.73kg higher (p=0.03) in the second half year 2011 and +0.52kg (p=0.12) in the second half year 2013 compared to the same half year 2012. Fifty-seven percent of the cows with acute clinical signs (n=461) were treated by a veterinarian.The average calculated loss after SBV infection for a standardized farm was CHF 1606 (EUR 1338), which can be considered as low at the national level, but the losses were subject to great fluctuations between farms, so that individual farms could have very high losses (>CHF 10,000, EUR 8333).

Farmers in a deregulated dairy regime: Insights from Ireland's New Entrants Scheme

While the impending review of the European Union (EU) Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is set to have an impact on all farming sectors across Europe, particularly transformative change is sought by policies relating to dairy farmers. EU milk quota abolition in 2015 will fundamentally revise the terms of dairy production, transitioning from policies of subsidy and protection to a scenario where farmers will produce milk on the open market. Dairy quota abolition essentially represents an economic but also socio-cultural disruption for a sizeable cohort of farmers, requiring adaptation to more market-driven production strategies. Agricultural policy-makers in EU member states are demonstrably preparing for this imminent change and dairy farmers are considering and strategising their responses at farm-level. Our focus in this paper is the interplay between quota abolition and farm-level decision-making in the pre-abolition period. Drawing from a broader mixed-methodological and multi-disciplinary research project, this paper uses qualitative narrative analysis to identify the key determinants arising in dairy farmers’ decision-making processes. How are farmers currently strategising their responses to dairy quota deregulation? Using the qualitative Biographic Narrative Interpretive Method (BNIM), we examine the range of factors determining how a particular group of dairy farmers are strategising their positions on the impending open dairy market. Our analysis highlights how, in the advent of a deregulated dairy production regime, dairy farmers are carefully deliberating their responses at farm level, drawing from policy and market related information, their own personal speculations, and conventional wisdom shared with other members of the farming community. We find that the dairy farmers are influenced not only by motivations to increase productivity and scale but by a tenacious approach to farm sustainability and resilience that is informed by past experiences of farming and seeks to preserve and promote socio-cultural farming values. The paper is of particular interest to policy makers and academics interested in the interchange between policy and farmer behaviour, particularly in the context of current CAP reform.

Adoption of Quad Bike Crush Prevention Devices on Australian Dairy Farms

ABSTRACT Quad bikes (all-terrain vehicles) are the leading cause of nonintentional farm injury deaths in Australia. Approximately 50% result from rollovers of the vehicle, with death frequently due to crush injury/asphyxiation. Crush protection devices fitted to quads have been demonstrated to enhance safety. This exploratory study aimed to assess feedback from a small group of dairy farmers (N = 11) that had crush protection devices fitted to their quads. A mixed-methods design was adopted consisting of pre- and post-intervention surveys in addition to focus groups/interviews for this exploratory study. Results indicate that the crush protection device was viewed positively by the majority of participants, with virtually no impact on the reported performance of the quad in terms of braking, steering, suspension, and getting on/off. The most problematic issue was some contact with overhead objects, although the majority reported no issues at all. Some issues were also identified with attaching trailers, carrying loads, and noise from rattling. The participants reported that the likely potential benefits of a crush protection device clearly outweighed these issues. Some 4 to 6 months following the study, 10 of the 11 farmers continued to have the crush protection device fitted to their quad. The major barrier to adoption was the manufacturers’ resistance and negative public statements regarding the effectiveness of crush protection devices. Participants suggested that there are steps that can be taken to increase the uptake of crush protection devices by dairy farmers. Further lag in promoting these potentially life-saving devices will only add to the death and injury burden associated with quad bikes.

PROSES PERCEPATAN DIFUSI INOVASI PRODUK SUSU STERILISASI NONTHERMAL

Diffusion of innovation theory essentially describes the process of how an innovation isdelivered (communicated) through certain channels over time to a group of members of thesocial system. In this paper will be presented a study of the diffusion of innovations that resultedfrom the innovative work that milk sterilizer with electric shock (electric milk) to help dairyfarmers in maintaining the quality of milk yield. Analytical methods to accelerate the innovationdiffusion theory of Rogers conducted the assessment associated with knowledge management tomeasure innovation performance. From the results of the study, electric sterilizer milk is aninnovation because they have been commercialized to the public, especially in the MilkProcessing Cooperative (PPP) milk and dairy farmer groups. In functional electrical appliancemilk can be accepted by the public because the operating system can be run automaticallymaking it easier for users of the technology in terms of the operation of the appliance. Toaccelerate the diffusion of innovation will require accelerating the dissemination of tools withtool usage in group level, as did the level rancher PPP.

Farm-scale models built with farmers converting and converted to organic farming

Intensive livestock farming has recently induced several cases threatening food security. Therefore, redesigning sustainable livestock farming systems is a major challenge for agricultural science. Specifically, farm-scale models that truly integrate different subsystems, viewpoints and time scales are needed. Up to now, however, no modelling approach has been able to meet these requirements. In previous work, we have designed a participatory modelling method based on causal mapping to help farmer groups redesign their livestock farming systems. Two causal maps have been built with two neighbouring groups of dairy farmers converting and converted to organic farming. It was the first time that consistent wholes had been made of elements cited by farmers faced with a redesign process. This article describes the content of the causal maps, with a focus on the current issue of integrating multiple subsystems, viewpoints and time scales within the same farm-scale model. We found that the maps included items at the whole farm scale and from a variety of disciplinary viewpoints and time scales. This finding indicates that these characteristics are useful in modelling approaches for redesigning farming systems. In addition, both maps closely linked herd operations to the forage system in a cluster centered on the feeding–health–production complex. This result suggests that the feeding–health–production complex requires particular attention for organic conversion of dairy farms. Lastly, novel relations were identified in the maps that linked work organisation and farm configuration to reproductive performance. This finding shows that analysing work organisation helps understanding how biotechnical performance evolves in a farming system.

The Incidence of Repeat Breeding in Dairy Cows under Tropical Condition

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of repeat breeding in dairy cows under tropical condition. This was a preliminary study conducted in Sinjai Regency, Indonesia. A total of 82 Holstein Friesian lactating cows from five dairy farmer groups were used in the present study. Of the 82 cows, 75.6% eventually became pregnant after repeated inseminations (AI). The incidence of repeat breeding in this area was very high (62%). Days in milk (DIM) at first AI, first AI conception rate, and calving to conception interval were 62.5±19.3 days, 0%, and 202.8±150.0 days, respectively. There was no difference in DIM at first AI between repeat breeders and normal fertility cows (60.4±15.2 days vs 68.3±28.6 days). However, normal fertility cows required only 123.3±52.9 days to conceive and 2.4±0.8 inseminations per pregnancy, whereas repeat breeders required significantly more days to conceive (222.9±134.1 days) and more inseminations per pregnancy (4.8±0.9). In conclusion, repeat breeder dairy cows under tropical condition had very poor and reduced reproductive performance.

The effect of a national mastitis control program on the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of farmers in the Netherlands

Over the years, much effort has been put into implementing mastitis control programs in herds. To further improve utilization of such programs, there needs to be an understanding of the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of farmers regarding udder health, and the way this can be influenced by mastitis control programs. This study aimed to explore the effect of a national mastitis control program on Dutch farmers’ attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis. A total of 378 dairy farmers completed a survey on attitudes, knowledge, and behavior regarding mastitis before the start of a national mastitis control program in 2004, and 204 completed a similar survey in the final year of the program (2009). Although the average annual bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) remained the same, the farmers’ self-reported attitudes, knowledge, and behavior changed significantly. The problem level of BMSCC decreased from 285,000 cells/mL in 2004 to 271,000 cells/mL in 2009. More farmers perceived that they had sufficient knowledge about the prevention of mastitis (34% in 2004 vs. 53% in 2009) and they more often perceived that they knew the cause of a mastitis problem (25% in 2004 vs. 37% in 2009). The use of gloves for milking increased from 15 to 46%, the use of a standardized mastitis treatment protocol increased from 7 to 34%, and freestalls were cleaned more often (2.28 vs. 2.51 times/d) in 2009 compared with 2004. Most changes in attitudes, knowledge, and behavior did not differ between groups of dairy farmers whose herds had an initially low (≤162,000 cells/mL), medium (163,000 to 205,000 cells/mL), or high (>206,000 cells/mL) BMSCC. The high BMSCC group significantly decreased their annual BMSCC level by 15,000 cells/mL. Regression analysis showed that the decrease in BMSCC was associated with a change in farmers’ perceptions (e.g., increased perceived knowledge about the effect of the milking machine on mastitis) and with a change in certain management practices (e.g., disinfecting all teats after milking). The results showed that a national mastitis control program affected the attitudes, knowledge, and behavior of farmers regarding mastitis and could contribute to udder health improvement in the long term.

PERAN KELOMPOK PETERNAK DALAM MENGEMBANGKAN KEBERDAYAAN PETERNAK SAPI PERAH (KASUS DI KABUPATEN BANDUNG)

The objective of the research was to study the role of the group farmers especially in term of dynamic of the group farmers, empowerment of the dairy farmers, and their relationship. The sampling population is milk cooperative at Bandung district and target population are the dairy farmers as the members of the cooperative. Sample of research were collected by multistage sampling technique with the result that 4 cooperative and 120 person of dairy farmers. The relationship of the variables were tested by Spearman’s rank correlation. The results showed that the group of dairy farmers tend by the cooperative as instrument for improving production of milk of dairy farmers but no facility sufficient so the dairy farmers have empowerment. The dynamic group of farmers was low. The empowerment of dairy farmer was low, especially in the role of dairy farmers as manager and individual of autonomy. There was positive significant correlation between the dynamic group of farmers are empowerment of the dairy farmers.

Le déséquilibre efforts-récompenses et les débordements entre vie au travail, vie privée chez les éleveurs laitiers : leurs effets sur l'épuisement professionnel

Résumé The aim of this study is to test the hypothesis according to which the imbalance between effort and reward, as well as to what degree the interference of professional life upon one’s private life, can affect the level of job burnout felt by a group of dairy farmers. The sample group was composed of dairy farmers (N = 104) from Eure who were sent a questionnaire by mail. Each questionnaire was designed to collect results which could be analysed with the help of the Siegrist scale (the effort-reward imbalance scale), the Swing scale and the MBI (General Survey). The data show that effort-reward imbalance does not in itself explain the burnout. On the other hand, negative professional/personal interaction strongly contributed to it. In addition, no difference was observed based on the sex of the worker. The limits and contributions of the study are presented in the discussion.