Group L3 Research Articles

Comparison of three different dosages of low-level laser therapy on expression of cell proliferation and inflammatory markers following ovariohysterectomy in rats

The objective of the current study was to evaluate Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the healing of incisional wounds following ovariohysterectomy in rats, by means of subjective histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis. A total of 72 female Wistar rats were categorised into four treatment groups (Group I; sacrification 4 hours following only one LLLT application, Group II; sacrification 7 days following only one LLLT application, Group III; sacrification 4 hours after two LLLT applications, and Group IV; sacrification 7 days after two LLLT applications). Each group was further divided into four different doses subgroups (Group Control [C, off mode LLLT application], L1 [1 J/cm2], L3 [3 J/cm2], and L6 [6 J/cm2]), with equal representation in each subgroup. Ovariohysterectomy was employed using two 2-cm-length midline abdominal incisions in the left and right sides of line alba. The Group C was assigned to the left side incision to each rat in the study. After irradiation, the tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis to determine the extent of mononuclear cell infiltration, edoema, and epithelialization. Additionally, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (pCNA) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Group L1 and L3 significantly decreased mononuclear cell infiltration compared with Group C in all treatment groups (p < 0.05). Group L3 significantly decreased edoema compared with Group C in all groups except for treatment Group I (p < 0.05). Group L2 and L3 significantly increased epithelization in treatment Group IV (p < 0.05). Moreover, Group L2 and L3 significantly increased pCNA in all groups, while L2 and L3 significantly decreased iNOS expression in treatment Group II, III, and IV (p < 0.05). However, no statistical difference was found between subgroups of treatment Group I in iNOS expiration (p > 0.05). The results of the current examination demonstrated that LLLT can modulate mononuclear cell infiltration and edoema, and improve epithelization, as well as increase pCNA expression, whereas decrease iNOS expression during the wound healing process, therefore enhancing wound healing following ovariohysterectomy in rats.

Long-Term Immunocastration Protocols Successfully Reduce Testicles' Size in Bísaro Pigs.

Simple SummarySurgical castration is an ongoing problem in pig production, especially in breeds reared until older ages, like the Bísaro pig. To avoid this technique, three immunocastration protocols with different numbers of injections and times of inoculation were tested. Scrotal measurements were used to attest their effectiveness. The best protocol was the one with three administrations starting at three months old. It was able to maintain the testis size below puberty size for 16 weeks following the last injection.This study aimed to find a suitable immunocastration protocol for male Bísaro pigs (BP) due to the breed and production system particularities. Twenty-five male BP were treated with Improvac® according to three protocols: using two (GrpE2 and L2) or three vaccinations (GrpL3) and starting at 9 (GrpE2) or 13 weeks old (GrpL2 and L3). Eleven animals were kept as intact males (GrpC). Scrotal measurements and the morphometry of the testes and epididymides collected at slaughter were used to survey the effectiveness of the immunocastration compared with the age-matched intact controls. Animals in groups E2 and L3 were kept until 57 weeks, after a second vaccination cycle at 49 and 53 weeks of age. Scrotal dimensions decreased to almost initial values in treated animals until 17 (GrpE2) and 21 weeks (GrpL2 and L3), thereafter increasing to post-pubertal values until around 29 or 37 weeks of age for groups E2 and L2, respectively, but only at 41 weeks in group L3. Between 41 and 49 weeks, scrotal dimensions were similar in treated and control animals, decreasing to the predicted pre-puberty size after the second cycle of vaccination. This study suggests the most suited protocol for males slaughtered at older ages includes three administrations of Improvac® starting at 3 months of age, followed by a second vaccination cycle.

Effect of different liner techniques and argon plasma treatment of zirconia base on the adhesion and color change of veneering ceramic

This in vitro study aimed to investigate the bond strength and discoloration between the zirconia framework and veneer ceramic applied after liner and argon plasma treatment with two different techniques. A total of 200 zirconium substructures of 12 mm length, 10 mm width, and 0.7 mm thickness were divided into five subgroups for the application of different thicknesses of liner: C (no liner application), L1 (0.1 mm), L2 (0.2 mm), L3 (0.1 mm + 0.1 mm) and LA (0.1 mm + 0.1 mm + argon plasma). The zirconia substructures were fabricated by two different techniques (A: layering, B: press-on). The specimens of the three subgroups Control, Group L3, and Group LA were tested for color difference. Color parameters were measured using a spectrophotometer before and after thermal cycling, and differences (CIEDE 2000 [ΔE00]) were calculated. The shear bond strength was applied to all subgroups using a universal testing machine. The data were analyzed statistically using the Shapiro–Wilk, Levene, and Kruskal–Wallis tests. The interface and fractured surfaces of the specimens were also evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant differences were found between the groups (p < 0.05) in terms of shear bond strength and color differences (p < 0.001). Group LA showed significantly higher bond strength and color stability than the other groups (p < 0.001). The results of the study demonstrated that the application of liner and argon plasma between the upper and lower structures of all-ceramic systems significantly affects the bond strength and final colour of the restorations.

Digital evaluation of laser scanning speed effects on the intaglio surface adaptation of laser-sintered metal frameworks

Statement of problemLaser sintering has several processing parameters, typically under the control of dental laboratory technicians. Laser scan speed is an important parameter, which has a significant effect on manufacturing time but may also affect the adaptation of restorations. However, limited information is available regarding its impact. PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the intaglio surface adaptation of laser-sintered cobalt-chromium single-crown frameworks sintered at laser scanning speeds of 1, 3, and 6 m/s. Material and methodsA master bronze metal die was prepared and scanned by using a laboratory scanner to fabricate the metal frameworks for 4 groups (n=10). In group C, the frameworks were fabricated by using the lost-wax method (control). In group L1, L3, and L6, the frameworks were fabricated by using direct metal laser melting (DMLM) at laser scanning speeds of 1, 3, and 6 m/s. After fabrication, 3 scanning data sets were used to evaluate the intaglio surface adaptation: the master die, the intaglio surface of each metal framework, and each metal framework seated on the master die. The intaglio surface adaptation of the metal frameworks was evaluated by using a metrology software program. The data were statistically analyzed by using a 1-way ANOVA, the Tukey honestly significant difference test, and the Tamhane T2 test (α=.05). ResultsThe highest mean intaglio surface discrepancy value was obtained from group L6, and this was significantly different from the other 3 groups (P<.001). No significant intaglio surface discrepancy differences were found among the other groups. ConclusionThe amount of intaglio surface discrepancy increased when the laser scanning speed reached 6 m/s.

On some Ternary Linear Codes and Designs obtained from the Projective Special Linear Goup PSL3(4)

Let (G, ∗) be a group and X any set, an action of a group G on X, denoted as G×X → X, (g, x) 7→ g.x, assigns to each element in G a transformation of X that is compatible with the group structure of G. If G has a subgroup H then there is a transitive group action of G on the set (G/H) of the right co-sets of H by right multiplication. A representation of a group G on a vector space V carries the dimension of the vector space. Now, given a field F and a finite group G, there is a bijective correspondence between the representations of G on the finitedimensional F-vector spaces and finitely generated FG-modules. We use the FG -modules to construct linear ternary codes and combinatorial designs from the permutation representations of the group L3(4). We investigate the properties and parameters of these codes and designs.&#x0D; We further obtain the lattice structures of the sub-modules and compare these ternary codes with the binary codes constructed from the same group.

The effect of continuous infusion of lidocaine on high mobility group box 1 expression in lung tissue of sepsis model rats

Objective To evaluate the effect and mechanism of intravenous infusion of lidocaine on the expression of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) mRNA in lung of sepsis model rats. Methods Senenty-five healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were stochastically divided into 5 groups (n=15): S group (group S), cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) group (group CLP), pre-CLP infusion the lidocaine group (group L1), CLP immediately infused with lidocaine (group L2) and CLP infused with the lidocaine-treated group (group L3). Group S suture abdominal cavity after opening it while other groups were ligated with cecal ligation and puncture. groups L1, L2 and L3 were infused with lidocaine for 3 h before CLP, at the moment of CLP started and 3 h after CLP was completed respectively. The group S and the group CLP were replaced by the same amount of normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after the CLP model was successfully established. The serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 concentration were measured by enzyme-limked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissue was detected by qRT-PCR. Automated biochemical analysis was used to detect serum ALT, AST, and Cr. Another 50 rats were grouped and observed for 72 h. Results Compared with group S, CLP occurred in the group CLP, group L1, group L2 and group L3, IL-6, TNF-α, HMGB1 concentrations and the expression of HMGB1 mRNA were increased in lung tissues (P<0.05). The serum levels of HMGB1, IL-6, TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues of the groups L1, L2 and L3 were significantly lower than those in the group CLP (P<0.05). Compared with group S, ALT, AST and Cr were increased in groups CLP, L1, L2, and L3(P<0.05). Compared with group CLP, ALT, AST and Cr were decreased in groups L1, L2 and L3(P<0.05). Compared with the group CLP, the survival rates of the groups L1, L2 and L3 were significantly improved. Conclusions CLP can increase the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in rats. Intravenous infusion of lidocaine can effectively reduce the expression of inflammatory factors in CLP rats and inhibit the expression of HMGB1 mRNA in lung tissues. Thus, it reduces the lung damage caused by CLP and improves the survival rate effectively. Key words: Lidocaine; Sepsis; High mobility group box 1

Clinical observation of regular intermittent epidural injection combined with different puncture points in suppressing breakthrough pain in labour analgesia

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the clinical effects of the regular intermittent epidural injection combined with different puncture points (RIEI-dPP) in suppressing breakthrough pain during a labour analgesia. A total of 90 primipara were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30): Group L2–3 (A), Group L3–4 (B) and Group L4–5 (C). The analgesic pump parameters were set as: impact dose 8 mL, locking time 15 minutes, background dose 0, and the additional impact dose 8 mL after each hour intermittence. The pain’s visual analogue scale (VAS), breakthrough pain, maximum block segment, modified Bromage score, labour duration and the neonatal Apgar score were recorded and compared. Compared with the pre-analgesia time, the VAS scores were found to be significantly decreased in the three groups (p < .05), but there were significant differences among the three groups (p > .05). During analgesia, the maximum block segment in Group C was more significantly reduced than in the other two groups (p > .05), but there was no significant difference in the breakthrough pain among the three groups (p > .05). The comparison of other indexes among the three groups showed there was no significant difference (p > .05). RIEI-dPP at L2–3, L3–4 and L4–5 during labour analgesia can effectively inhibit breakthrough pain.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? According to human anatomical features, the injection speed and capacity are the prerequisite for obtaining the ideal block range. Experiments confirm that a more uniform and wider drug distribution can be achieved by epidural intermittent rapid infusion with higher injection pressure than a continuous infusion with low injection pressure. Compared with the continuous epidural administration mode, the regular intermittent epidural injection mode can better inhibit breakthrough pain with a lower amount of anaesthetic.What the results of this study add? Similar labour analgesic effects can be achieved by regular intermittent epidural injection mode with different puncture points.What the implications are of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Compared with a continuous infusion, a regular intermittent epidural injection can achieve a more uniform drug distribution in the epidural space, so the block range can be more extensive, which can not only reduce the amount of anaesthetic but also effectively reduce the incidence of breakthrough pain. However, the selection of an intervertebral puncture site still lacks a uniform standard. The outcomes of this study can directly verify that regular intermittent epidural injection at L2–3, L3–4 and L4–5 can effectively inhibit breakthrough pain and achieve good analgesic effects, so selecting the intervertebral space with clear anatomical structure positioning and easier puncture pathway can benefit a labour analgesia.

Ryzyko powikłań miejsca dawczego na podniebieniu w zależności od długości i grubości przeszczepu dziąsłowego

Autogenous gingival grafts are considered the gold standard procedure with proven clinical success when it comes to gingival augmentation. Different graft harvesting procedures have been described in the literature. Understanding which factors might affect the level of discomfort (morbidity) that patients are likely to experience and oral health-related quality of life outcomes in general seems to be crucial. An evaluation of patients' morbidity depending on the free gingival graft (FGG) dimension. Sixty patients were divided into 3 groups depending on the length of their graft (group L1: ≤10 mm, group L2: 10-20 mm, group L3: ≥20 mm) and into 2 groups depending on the thickness of the graft (group T1: ≤2 mm, group T2: >2 mm). Discomfort at the donor site was evaluated 1 week postoperatively, using a visual analog scale (VAS). With the length of the FGG, the mean VAS scores for pain, bleeding, eating and speaking disorders, stress and interference with social life increased. Analgesic consumption increased with the length of the graft. The thicker the grafts, the less discomfort and pain, and more problems with speaking, stress, daily and work routines occurred; however, without statistical significance. No differences were demonstrated in the post-operative patients' morbidity between the examined groups; however, pain gradually increased with the FGG length and width.

The optimal dose of the Low-level laser therapy in the treatment of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Type 1 DM (T1DM) is caused by an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic s cells. We proposed a novel stimulation using a low-level laser therapy (LLLT) through acupuncture points to stimuli the stem cells to be adult pancreatic s cells. This study aimed to identify an optimal dose of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: An experimental study was performed with a pretestposttest control group design. The intervention was tested in rats (Rattus novergicus, Wistar strain). The rats were made diabetic by injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Rats were treated with different doses of LLLT in 4 groups. The tested laser doses were 0.2 joules (group L1), 0.3 joules (group L2), 0.4 joules(group L3), and 0.5 joules (group L4). The therapy was performed by perpendicularly attaching laser probe to the animal body, at the acupuncture point pishu (BL-20) on respective sides. Results: Rats in the L2 group were performing better compared to others. The highest decrease of blood glucose level was found in group L2. Two rats in the L2 group achieved normal blood glucose level upon laser therapy. The dose of laser therapy in the L2 group of 0.3 joules was found to be the optimum dose. Conclusion: Clinical and statistical analyses indicated that 0.3 joule was the optimal dose for LLLT in our animal model. Further investigation of LLLT in human is warranted, and validation of the identified dose in future studies should be pursued.

Effects of lipoxin A4 on human type II alveolar epithelial cell wound repair, proliferation and apoptosis

Objective To evaluate the effects of lipoxin A4 (LXA4) on human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell wound repair, proliferation and apoptosis. Methods Experiment Ⅰ Human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells were inoculated in 24-well plates and divided into 4 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table: control group (group C), 1 nmol/L LXA4 group (group L1), 10 nmol/L LXA4 group (group L2) and 100 nmol/L LXA4 group (group L3). Cells were cultured in normal culture atmosphere in group C. Cells were incubated with 1, 10 and 100 nmol/L LXA4 in L1, L2 and L3 groups, respectively.The scratch wound assay was performed at 36 h of culture or incubation.Cell proliferation was measured at 24 h of culture or incubation.Experiment Ⅱ Human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells were inoculated in 96-well plates and divided into 5 groups using a random number table: control group (group C, n=10), Fas-ligand group(n=10), Fas-ligand+ LXA4 group(n=10), Fas-ligand+ TNF-α group(n=5) and Fas-ligand+ TNF-α+ LXA4 group(n=5). Cells were incubated with 100 ng/ml Fas-Ligand, 100 ng/ml Fas-Ligand plus 100 nmol/L LXA4, 100 ng/ml Fas-Ligand plus 100 ng/ml TNF-α, and 100 ng/ml Fas-Ligand plus 100 ng/ml TNF-α plus 100 nmol/L LXA4 in Fas-ligand, Fas-ligand+ LXA4, Fas-ligand+ TNF-α, and Fas-ligand+ TNF-α+ LXA4 groups, respectively.The cell viability was measured at 24 h of culture or incubation.Cell apoptosis was detected using the flow cytometry, and apoptosis rate was calculated in C, Fas-ligand and Fas-ligand+ LXA4 groups. Results Experiment Ⅰ Compared with group C, the percentage of cell repair size and percentage of proliferation were significantly increased in L1, L2 and L3 groups (P 0.05). Experiment Ⅱ Compared with group C, the cell viability was significantly decreased, and the apoptosis rate was increased in group Fas-ligand, the cell viability was significantly decreased in group Fas-ligand+ TNF-α (P 0.05). Compared with group Fas-ligand, the cell viability was significantly increased, and the apoptosis rate was decreased in group Fas-ligand+ LXA4 (P<0.05). The cell viability was significantly higher in group Fas-ligand+ TNF-α+ LXA4 than in group Fas-ligand+ TNF-α (P<0.01). Conclusion LXA4 can promote human type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cell wound repair and proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis. Key words: Lipoxins; Pulmonary alveoli; Epithelial cells; Cell proliferation; Apoptosis; Recovery of function

Representations of the double Burnside algebra and cohomology of the extraspecial p-group II

Let E be the extraspecial p-group of order p3 and exponent p where p is an odd prime. We determine the modp cohomology H⁎(X,Fp) of a summand X in the stable splitting of p-completed classifying space BE. In the previous paper (Hida and Yagita (2014) [7]), we determined this cohomology modulo nilpotence. In this paper, we consider the whole of the cohomology. Moreover, we consider the stable splittings of BG for some finite groups with Sylow p-subgroup E related to the three dimensional linear group L3(p).

Recognizing L 3(4) by the Set of Element Orders in the Class of All Groups

A finite simple group L3(4) is characterized up to isomorphism by its set of element orders in the class of all groups.

Effects of individual health topic familiarity on activity patterns during health information searches.

BackgroundNon-medical professionals (consumers) are increasingly using the Internet to support their health information needs. However, the cognitive effort required to perform health information searches is affected by the consumer’s familiarity with health topics. Consumers may have different levels of familiarity with individual health topics. This variation in familiarity may cause misunderstandings because the information presented by search engines may not be understood correctly by the consumers.ObjectiveAs a first step toward the improvement of the health information search process, we aimed to examine the effects of health topic familiarity on health information search behaviors by identifying the common search activity patterns exhibited by groups of consumers with different levels of familiarity.MethodsEach participant completed a health terminology familiarity questionnaire and health information search tasks. The responses to the familiarity questionnaire were used to grade the familiarity of participants with predefined health topics. The search task data were transcribed into a sequence of search activities using a coding scheme. A computational model was constructed from the sequence data using a Markov chain model to identify the common search patterns in each familiarity group.ResultsForty participants were classified into L1 (not familiar), L2 (somewhat familiar), and L3 (familiar) groups based on their questionnaire responses. They had different levels of familiarity with four health topics. The video data obtained from all of the participants were transcribed into 4595 search activities (mean 28.7, SD 23.27 per session). The most frequent search activities and transitions in all the familiarity groups were related to evaluations of the relevancy of selected web pages in the retrieval results. However, the next most frequent transitions differed in each group and a chi-squared test confirmed this finding (P<.001). Next, according to the results of a perplexity evaluation, the health information search patterns were best represented as a 5-gram sequence pattern. The most common patterns in group L1 were frequent query modifications, with relatively low search efficiency, and accessing and evaluating selected results from a health website. Group L2 performed frequent query modifications, but with better search efficiency, and accessed and evaluated selected results from a health website. Finally, the members of group L3 successfully discovered relevant results from the first query submission, performed verification by accessing several health websites after they discovered relevant results, and directly accessed consumer health information websites.ConclusionsFamiliarity with health topics affects health information search behaviors. Our analysis of state transitions in search activities detected unique behaviors and common search activity patterns in each familiarity group during health information searches.

Effects of dietary β-glucan on maternal immunity and fry quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

The effects of dietary β-glucan on fry quality of rainbow trout were studied. Two feeding trials were conducted with rainbow trout broodstock (trial 1) and fry (trial 2). The experimental diets contained 0 (control), 0.1% and 0.2% β-1,3/1,6 yeast glucan. In trial 1, 45 female rainbow trout were randomly divided into three experimental groups (15 fish per group) and were fed with one of the three experimental diets over three months prior to spawning. In trial 2, fry descending from the control fed broodstock were allocated to three different treatment groups: control fed (L1, considered as the control), 0.1% β-glucan fed (L2), and 0.2% β-glucan fed (L3). The fry from the 0.1% β-glucan fed mothers were divided into two dietary groups: control fed (L4) and 0.1% β-glucan fed (L5), and the fry from 0.2% β-glucan fed females were also allocated to two treatment groups: control fed (L6) and 0.2% β-glucan fed (L7). In trial 2, the fry were fed with one of the experimental diets for two months. Brood fish fed the diet with 0.2% β-glucan exhibited the highest white blood cell (WBC) value, ACH50 and lysozyme activity (P < 0.05). Total Ig and IgM levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all β-glucan fed females compared to broodstock fed the control diet. The ACH50 level was also significantly (P < 0.05) higher in oocytes from females fed 0.2% β-glucan diet compared to those of other groups. No significant differences (P > 0.05) in survival rates (from fertilization to swim-up stages) were found among dietary treatments. In trial 2, dietary β-glucan resulted in better final weight, WG and SGR in groups L2, L3, L5 and L7. ACH50, lysozyme, total Ig and IgM levels were significantly higher in group L3 compared to the control (L1), and comparable with those in group L7. The challenge experiment with Yersinia ruckeri showed that relative percent survival (RPS) was highest in L3, L5 and L7. The results indicated that administration of 0.2% β-glucan to rainbow trout fry only instead of feeding both brood fish and fry could have the same positive effects in promoting the immunity of fry and resistance to Y. ruckeri.

Unstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty in young children (1–5 years old): A comparison with a repair using double-J stent or transanastomotic externalized stent

ObjectiveTo evaluate feasibility of unstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty in young children to prevent pyelonephritis and second anaesthesia. Patients and methodsDuring 2006–2013, 70 children (1–5 years old) underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty for high grade hydronephrosis. Unstented repair was indicated in 34 children (GroupL1), double-J stent was placed in 21 patients (Group L2) and uretero-pyelostomy stent (Cook) in 15 patients (Group L3). Stenting was preferred in large thin-walled pelvis, thin ureter, kidney malrotation, and unfavourable course of crossing vessels. The outcome was compared with age-matched group of 52 children who had open surgery during 1996–2006 (Groups O1, O3). ResultsOperation times were significantly shorter in Groups L1 and L2 than in Group L3; the times were shorter in open repairs. Three patients with crossing vessels from Group L1 had urine leakage and one had obstruction (11.4%). In Group L2, one patient had obstruction, one incorrect placement of the stent, and one girl had serious pyelonephritis (14.3%). In Group L3, displacement of uretero-pyelostomy occurred in one patient (6.7%). There is no statistical difference between laparoscopic groups and between laparoscopic and open groups. ConclusionUnstented laparoscopic pyeloplasty is a safe procedure in selected young children with favourable anatomical conditions preventing additional anaesthesia and stent-related complications.

The energy density of laser light differentially modulates the skin morphological reorganization in a murine model of healing by secondary intention

This study investigates the influence of gallium-arsenide (GaAs) laser photobiostimulation applied with different energy densities on skin wound healing by secondary intention in rats. Three circular wounds, 10 mm in diameter, were made on the dorsolateral region of 21 Wistar rats weighting 282.12 ± 36.08 g. The animals were equally randomized into three groups: Group SAL, saline solution 0.9%; Group L3, laser GaAs 3 J/cm(2); Group L30, laser GaAs 30 J/cm(2). Analyses of cells, blood vessels, collagen and elastic fibres, glycosaminoglycans and wound contraction were performed on the scar tissue from different wounds every 7 days for 21 days. On day 7, 14 and 21, L3 and L30 showed higher collagen and glycosaminoglycan levels compared to SAL (P < 0.05). At day 21, elastic fibres were predominant in L3 and L30 compared to SAL (P < 0.05). Type-III collagen fibres were predominant at day 7 in both groups. There was gradual reduction in these fibres and accumulation of type-I collagen over time, especially in L3 and L30 compared with SAL. Elevated density of blood vessels was seen in L30 on days 7 and 14 compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). On these same days, there was higher tissue cellularity in L3 compared with SAL (P < 0.05). The progression of wound closure during all time points investigated was higher in the L30 group (P < 0.05). Both energy densities investigated increased the tissue cellularity, vascular density, collagen and elastic fibres, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis, with the greater benefits for wound closure being found at the density of 30 J/cm(2).

Feline sporotrichosis: Histopathological profile of cutaneous lesions and their correlation with clinical presentation

Cutaneous lesions of feline sporotrichosis show high fungal load and are associated with severe disease and elevated zoonotic potential. The present study describes the histopathology and fungal load of the lesions in different clinical presentations of feline sporotrichosis. Cats with sporotrichosis were separated into groups L1, L2 and L3 (lesions in one, two and three or more locations, respectively) and subjected to skin biopsies for histopathology. Eighty-six cats were included in the study. Lesions were suppurative granulomatous in 84 cases and poorly formed granulomas were predominant. The well-formed granulomas were associated with group L1. The high fungal load was predominant in group L3 and in poorly formed granuloma cases and did not occur in well-formed granulomas cases. The good general condition was associated with low fungal load. These findings suggest that the fungal load control in animals with more localized lesions and well-organized response is linked with the improvement in the outcome of infected cats.

Mature B-Cell Lymphoma and Leukemia in Children and Adolescents—Review of Standard Chemotherapy Regimen and Perspectives

Mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) comprises more than 50% of all non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children and adolescents. Many B-NHL subtypes frequently observed in adults are rarely diagnosed in children and adolescents. In this age group, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), Burkitt leukemia or FAB L3 leukemia (B-AL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMLBL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and aggressive mature B-NHL not further classifiable (B-NHL nfc) are the most common subtypes. Diverse clinical trials demonstrated similar results of current combination chemotherapy regimens succeeding in overall survival rates of more than 80%. However, treatment-related toxicity and the poor prognosis of relapse are serious concerns. Furthermore, specific histological B-NHL subtypes are rare in children and optimal treatment is not established. New treatment modalities are urgently needed for these patient groups. Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody that is already established in the treatment of adults with mature B-NHL, demonstrated promising results in pediatric patients. The definitive role of rituximab in the treatment of children and adolescents with B-NHL needs to be evaluated in prospective controlled clinical trials. This review provides a comprehensive overview of chemotherapy regimens and the perspectives for children and adolescents with mature B-cell lymphoma and leukemia.

Effects of different doses of lidocaine on acute liver injury in septic rats

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of lidocaine on acute liver injury in septic rats.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats,weighing 200-250 g,aged 8-10 weeks,were randomly divided into 5 groups(n =10 each):sham operation group(group S),sepsis group(group CLP),and different doses of lidocaine groups(groups L1-3).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)in anesthetized rats.At 0,1 and 2 h after CLP,lidocaine 5,10 and 20 mg/kg(in normal saline 0.5 ml)were injected intraperitoneally in groups L1-3 respectively,while normal saline 0.5 ml was given in groups S and CLP.At 24 h after CLP,blood samples were taken for determination of the plasma alanine aminotran sferase(ALT)concenlralion.The rats were then sacrificed,and the liver was removed for microscopic examination and determination of the hepatic high-mobility group box 1 protein(HMGBI)mRNA expression.Results Compared with group S,the plasma ALT concentration was significandy increased and hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression was up-regulated in groups CLP and L1-3(P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group CLP,HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups 14-3,while the plasma ALT concentration was decreased in groups L2 and L3(P ＜ 0.05),The plasma ALT concentration was significantly decreased and HMGBI mRNA expression was down-regulated in groups L2 and L3 com pared with group L1,and in group L3 compared with group L2(P ＜ 0.05).The microscopic examination showed that the pathologic changes were attenuated in groups L1-3,and the changes were least severe in group L3.Concluslon Lidocaine can reduce acute liver injury in septic rats,this effect is dose-related,and inhibition of hepatic HMGBI mRNA expression is involved in the mechanism. Key words: Lidocaine; Sepsis; Liver function tests

Influence of the menstrual cycle on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic gynecological surgery: a pilot study

Study ObjectiveTo investigate whether the phase of menstrual cycle influences the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in women undergoing general anesthesia for elective laparoscopic gynecological surgery. DesignProspective, observational, blinded study. SettingGeneral hospital, Postanesthesia Care Unit, and gynecologic floor room. Patients111 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women, aged 18 to 53 years. InterventionsPatients were classified into three groups according to the phase of menstrual cycle at the time of anesthesia: Group F1: follicular phase (menstrual days 1-8; n = 34); Group O2: ovulatory phase (days 9-15; n = 40); and Group L3: luteal phase (days 16 to end of cycle; n = 37). Anesthetic, postoperative pain management, and antiemetic regimens were standardized. MeasurementsFrequency of nausea, vomiting, or both were assessed for early (0-2 hrs). Late PONV (2-24 hrs) along with the use of rescue antiemetic, severity of nausea, and pain. Main ResultsIn the follicular (n = 34), ovulatory (n = 40) and luteal phase (n = 37) groups, the frequencies of PONV over 24 hours were 35%, 38%, and 14% (P = 0.04), respectively. This was due to differences in the early postoperative period where the frequencies were 21%, 25%, and 3% (P = 0.02), respectively, as frequencies were similar in the late period (15%, 20% and 14%, P = 0.71), respectively. Nausea scores, rescue antiemetic usage, pain scores, and opioid consumption were similar in the groups. ConclusionPatients in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle may have a decreased risk of PONV after laparoscopic gynecological surgery in the early postoperative period.