Method Of Group Communication Research Articles

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Agricultural Extension Methods in Logar Province, Afghanistan

Agricultural extension can accelerate the transfer and exchange of information that becomes applied knowledge, improve the quantity and quality of agricultural products, enhance the competitiveness of farmers using new technology and information, improve the production and marketing management of agricultural products are the result of a better chosen method of extension. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of individual, group and mass communication methods of agricultural extension in Pol-e-Alam city. The research is applied in terms of purpose. Primary data was used for conducting research. The data was collected by survey using a questionnaire, in a simple random sampling in 2023. The sample size was 80 persons. SPSS 21 was used for data analyze. The findings showed that group methods (41.25%) had the highest, individual methods (35.0%) and mass communication methods (23.75%) had the least effectiveness. In the group methods, results exhibition (28.75%) with the highest value, the method's exhibition (23.75%), Group Discussion (21.25%), Small Group Training (13.75%) and Observational tours (12.5%) with the lowest amount by respondents were considered effective. In the individual methods, farm visits (77.50%) were in first and telephone calls (3.75%) were in fifth order. In the mass communication methods, the demonstrations and campaigns (45.0%) with the highest weight and the TV (5%) with the lowest weight were selected by the respondents.

Efektivitas Komunikasi Kelompok Pengajian Jemaah Lansia dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Agama di Medan Sekitar Lingkungan Masjid Ar-Razab Deli Serdang

This research aims to find out how the Dai group's communication method is towards the elderly and to determine the effectiveness of the Dai group's communication method towards the elderly in increasing religious knowledge around the Ar-Razab Mosque in Deli Serdang.The type and research approach used is a qualitative method with a descriptive qualitative approach (field research). The data analysis technique used is the descriptive qualitative approach proposed by Sugiyono. Systematics that explain the problem formulation that guides research to explore or photograph social situations that will be studied comprehensively, broadly, in depth and conclusions can be drawn in increasing religious knowledge in the elderly.The research results obtained are on religious knowledge material where this phenomenon is important to be raised as a problem for preachers and the elderly. The understanding of the elderly can be formed properly starting with routine recitation, from here they will be taught moral knowledge about Religion and the Koran by a preacher. Therefore, the role of the preacher is no less important in influencing the elderly or directing the elderly to have an interest in learning about religious understanding with a preacher who is an expert in their field. Because in general the memory of the elderly weakens or declines as they age. If they are not consistent, they will easily forget and not apply the knowledge that has been conveyed.

Wireless Sensor Network Security Analysis for Data and Aggregation

Data security is critical in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) because communication signals are highly available due to data transmission in free space. Attacks ranging from passive eavesdropping to active snooping are more common on these networks. This paper proposes secure data transfer using data encryption based on the improved Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) with Diffie–Hellman (DH) key exchange algorithm (IRSA-DH). For this purpose, the adaptive distance-based agglomerative hierarchical (ADAH)-based clustering method is used. Then the cluster head (CH) is selected using the improved weight-based rain optimization (IWRO) to improve the network’s lifespan. This study aims to design a secure group communication method for WSNs. In order to generate and distribute the key to the group, the RSA and DH and key exchange algorithm had been hybridized with the Key Management Center (KMC). For safe communication between users, the key exchange technique is investigated. The performance measures such as throughput, packet loss ratio (PLR), packet delivery ratio (PDR), latency, energy consumption, end-to-end delay (EED) and network lifetime are analyzed and compared with the existing approaches.

KOMUNIKASI KELOMPOK TERARAH (FGD ) TENTANG ANEMIA PADA REMAJA DI DESA LAMPINEUNG KECAMATAN BAITUSSALAM KABUPATEN ACEH BESAR

Anemia is one of the nutritional problems in adolescent girls. Anemia is a condition when the hemoglobin level in the blood is less than the normal value (<12gr/dl) in women which is characterized by clinical symptoms, namely lethargy, weakness, dizziness, light-headed eyes, and pale face. This activity was carried out using the FGD (Focused Group Communication) method in order to provide a detailed understanding to adolescents about responding to problems regarding anemia from an early age and in order to improve health status by consuming blood booster tablets, iron, and preventing anemia. The FGD method is effective because it has an informal and relaxed atmosphere so that the participants are more flexible and open in expressing their respective opinions. adolescence. The method of implementing this activity uses online and offline methods provided by the resource person or the extension agent. The results of this activity the youth understand and provide good feedback from the information submitted. The conclusion of this activity is that adolescents are able to understand and understand the meaning of anemia and can understand how to respond to the occurrence of anemia.
 Keywords: FGD, Anemia, Adolenscens

Multi-agent deep reinforcement learning with type-based hierarchical group communication

Real-world multi-agent tasks often involve varying types and quantities of agents. These agents connected by complex interaction relationships causes great difficulty for policy learning because they need to learn various interaction types to complete a given task. Therefore, simplifying the learning process is an important issue. In multi-agent systems, agents with a similar type often interact more with each other and exhibit behaviors more similar. That means there are stronger collaborations between these agents. Most existing multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms expect to learn the collaborative strategies of all agents directly in order to maximize the common rewards. This causes the difficulty of policy learning to increase exponentially as the number and types of agents increase. To address this problem, we propose a type-based hierarchical group communication (THGC) model. This model uses prior domain knowledge or predefine rule to group agents, and maintains the group’s cognitive consistency through knowledge sharing. Subsequently, we introduce a group communication and value decomposition method to ensure cooperation between the various groups. Experiments demonstrate that our model outperforms state-of-the-art MARL methods on the widely adopted StarCraft II benchmarks across different scenarios, and also possesses potential value for large-scale real-world applications.

A Centralized Optimization Solution for Application Layer Multicast Tree

Application layer multicast (ALM) is an effective group communication method. The ALM tree is usually built in a distributed manner because of its good scalability. However, the distributed ALM solution sometimes produces a low performance delivery tree. In this paper, we propose an ALM tree optimization solution, named ALMTO, for multicast applications, in particular, those with a large number of concurrent users. ALMTO manages and optimizes the ALM tree in the following four steps: 1) periodic collection of related structure information, based on a proposed structure report domain model and special tree structure; 2) construction and maintenance of a logical ALM tree, in terms of the collected structure information; 3) central computation of the ALM tree optimization scheme, according to the logical ALM tree and optimization objective corresponding to the specific multicast application; and 4) reshaping of the real ALM tree in terms of the optimization scheme. We analyze the problem of the centralized tree optimization scheme orchestration and present an effective solution that can adapt to the dynamics of group members. We also present two approaches: 1) degree-bounded connection-keeping tree transformation and 2) ring-based data compensation to ensure that the ALM tree can be reliably transformed.

LVAP: Lightweight V2I authentication protocol using group communication in VANETs

SummaryThe authentication protocol is vital for the security of the wireless sensor network to resist the known threats, such as eavesdropping, replay attack, man‐in‐the‐middle attack, etc. In this paper, a lightweight authentication protocol for vehicular ad hoc networks is proposed using the symmetric encryption, the group communication method, and the proactive authentication technique, which not only achieves the desired security goals but also guarantees the practical anonymity and the accountability. The analysis demonstrates that the proposed protocol works properly in the high‐density and the low‐density traffic environment.

Data Aggregation Gateway Framework for CoAP Group Communications

In this paper, a data aggregation gateway framework (DA-GW) for constrained application protocol (CoAP) group communications is proposed. The DA-GW framework is designed to improve the throughput performance and energy efficiency of group communication to monitor and control multiple sensor devices collectively with a single user terminal. The DA-GW consists of four function blocks—the message analyzer, group manager, message scheduler and data handler—and three informative databases—the client database, resource database and information database. The DA-GW performs group management and group communication through each functional block and stores resources in the informative databases. The DA-GW employs international standard-based data structures and provides the interoperability of heterogeneous devices used in various applications. The DA-GW is implemented using a Java-based open source framework called jCoAP to evaluate the functions and performance of the DA-GW. The experiment results showed that the DA-GW framework revealed better performance than existing group communication methods in terms of throughput and energy consumption.

DIFFERENCES IN PRACTICES OF HANDLING ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES (OPS) AND OPS-RELATED SYMPTOMS BETWEEN INDONESIAN AND SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MIGRANT FARMWORKERS: PRE AND POST EDUCATIONAL

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to describe the differences of field practices in handling OPs and the prevalence of OPs-related symptoms among Indonesian and South Australian (SA) migrant farmworkers between pre and post educational intervention. METHOD: This was a quasi-experimental study. Thirty Indonesian farmworkers at Dukuhlo Village, Brebes Regency, Indonesia, were provided the educational intervention using a method of group communication whereas seven migrant farmworkers in Virginia, South Australia were provided the educational intervention individually. Data were collected by interview using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS: Some significantly behavioural improvements (p OPs application dramatically decreased from 63% in pre intervention to 17% in post intervention; 2) proportions of farmworkers who spraying OPs against wind direction sharply declined from 60% in pre intervention to 30% in post intervention; 3) proportions of farmworkers who avoiding spray drift when applying OPs dramatically rose from 47% in pre intervention to 97% in post intervention; 4) proportions of farmworkers who ensuring to not affect other people by over applied spray drift when applying OPs sharply increased from 53% in pre intervention to 93% in post intervention; and 5) proportions of farmworkers who suffering from OPs-related symptoms slightly decreased from 67% in pre intervention to 63% in post intervention. On the other hand, generally, field practices of SA migrant farmworkers in post educational intervention remained constant as they did in pre intervention. CONCLUSION: Provision of appropriate equipment and long-term educational intervention linked to workplace was needed to improve their knowledge, perceptions, and work practices to reducing adverse effects due to OPs exposure. Keywords: educational intervention; field practices; organophosphate pesticides-related symptoms, Indonesian farmworkers, South Australian migrant farmworkers Normal 0 21 false false false RO X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:Table Normal; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:Times New Roman; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}

The effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve knowledge and perceptions for reducing organophosphate pesticide exposure among Indonesian and South Australian migrant farmworkers.

BackgroundFarmworkers are at risk of exposure to organophosphate pesticides (OPs). Improvements of knowledge and perceptions about organophosphate (OP) exposure may be of benefit for the reduction in OP exposure.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of an educational intervention to improve knowledge and perceptions for reducing OP exposure among Indonesian and South Australian (SA) migrant farmworkers.MethodsThis was a quasi-experimental study. The educational intervention used a method of group communication for 30 Indonesian farmworkers and individual communication for seven SA migrant farmworkers. Knowledge and perceptions about OP exposure were measured pre-intervention and 3 months after the intervention.ResultsUnadjusted intervention effects at follow-up showed statistically significantly improved scores of knowledge (both adverse effects of OPs and self-protection from OP exposure), perceived susceptibility, and perceived barriers among Indonesian farmworkers compared with SA migrant farmworkers. Furthermore, these four significant variables in the unadjusted model and the two other variables (perceived severity and perceived benefits) were statistically significant after being adjusted for the level of education and years working as a farmworker. In contrast, knowledge about adverse effects of OPs was the only variable that was statistically significantly improved among SA migrant farmworkers. The results of this study suggests educational interventions using a method of group communication could be more effective than using individual intervention.ConclusionThese improvements provide starting points to change health behavior of farmworkers, particularly to reduce OP exposure, both at the workplace and at home.

Pengaruh Sosialisasi Media Ruang KPU Kota Pematangsiantar terhadap Minat Kelompok PEMILU pada PEMILU Legislatif

The aims of this research are to understand the forms of socialization held by General Election Commission (KPU) of Pematangsiantar City; to understand the communication channels conducted by KPU of Pematangsiantar City for socialization; to understand the factors affecting voters for electing; and to understand effect of socialization of spatial media of general election by General Election Commission of Pematangsiantar City in 2014 in Pematangsiantar City. The research method using in the research is correlation method. Population of the research is participant of socialization held by KPU of Pematangsiantar City. Its amount is 615 respondent. Technique for electing the sample in this research uses technique of slovin. Sample of the research amount of 85 respondent. Technique of collecting data in the research uses technique of questionnaire. The result of this research shows the forms of socialization held by KPU of Pematangsiantar City in legislative general election of 2014 is by using method of group communication. Communication channel which was used by KPU of Pematangsiantar City for socialization on the Legislative General Election of 2014 is by using direct communication (face to face). The factors are affecting the voters interest on 2014 General Election in Pematangsiantar City is language style which is used in socialization, frequency in accepting the message of general election by respondent after socialization and timing which is needed by KPU in conveying socialization matters.

VMCast: A VM-Assisted Stability Enhancing Solution for Tree-Based Overlay Multicast

Tree-based overlay multicast is an effective group communication method for media streaming applications. However, a group member’s departure causes all of its descendants to be disconnected from the multicast tree for some time, which results in poor performance. The above problem is difficult to be addressed because overlay multicast tree is intrinsically instable. In this paper, we proposed a novel stability enhancing solution, VMCast, for tree-based overlay multicast. This solution uses two types of on-demand cloud virtual machines (VMs), i.e., multicast VMs (MVMs) and compensation VMs (CVMs). MVMs are used to disseminate the multicast data, whereas CVMs are used to offer streaming compensation. The used VMs in the same cloud datacenter constitute a VM cluster. Each VM cluster is responsible for a service domain (VMSD), and each group member belongs to a specific VMSD. The data source delivers the multicast data to MVMs through a reliable path, and MVMs further disseminate the data to group members along domain overlay multicast trees. The above approach structurally improves the stability of the overlay multicast tree. We further utilized CVM-based streaming compensation to enhance the stability of the data distribution in the VMSDs. VMCast can be used as an extension to existing tree-based overlay multicast solutions, to provide better services for media streaming applications. We applied VMCast to two application instances (i.e., HMTP and HCcast). The results show that it can obviously enhance the stability of the data distribution.

Scalable Adaptive Group Communication for Collaboration Framework of Cloud-enabled Robots

Recently, researchers have been exploring the idea of robots that rely on cloud-computing infrastructure to take advantage of processing power and access vast amounts of data. This approach allows a robot to delegate compute-intensive tasks like image recognition, graphical mapping systems and etc. However, the efficient information sharing of cloud-enabled robots is not addressed which is necessary in disseminating real time information. In this paper, a collaboration framework is presented which is designed for information sharing of cloud-enabled robots. Based on attributes, cloud-enabled robots form logical groups to perform information sharing through the Internet. To provide a faster way of disseminating messages, a scalable adaptive group communication (SAGC) is proposed. The logical groups are processed using fuzzy system to employ scalable grouping, and then, the logical links are adjusted by a node link weight function based on Brownian agent to direct the queries to robots with relevant information. The performance evaluation showed that the SAGC had the fastest response to queries compared to other group communication methods.

THEATRE AS A COMMUNICATION METHOD WITH THE RURAL COMMUNITY TO SERVE THE SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT'S GOALS

The rural theatre is considered a group communication method that can be effective as being based on the psychology of the community . Many countries have adopted it to serve the issues of the rural and agricultural development . It also has contributed in attracting the attention of instructors to many issues of sustainable development , and thus its role emerges in knowledge and concern as two stages of the process of adoption . In order to stabilize the role of the rural play in achieving the goals desired , it should be based on some primary elements . First , the play's text is written in the local dialect accepted by the locals . The text should include the elements of the dramatic structure represented by theme , dialogue , plot , characters and mode . Also, the rules of balance between the dramatic act and the extensional educating subject matter should be taken into consideration . Secondly , the rural play must be based on the efforts of the actors who realize its content and have positive trends towards their audience . The play can be performed anywhere in the village which suitable and away from noises . In order to activate the role of theater to achieve its goals , here are some suggestions : the show should be followed by a discussion of the ideas and practices included in the text , conducting evaluating studies of the rural theatre effectiveness , effective cooperation between the extensional system and social foundations present in the country side , well_ planned adoption of extensional communication methods to achieve the agricultural extensional goals to serve the sustainable agricultural development.

Virtual Social Networks Online and Mobile Systems

Location-based applications are one of the most anticipated new segments of the mobile industry. These new applications are enabled by GPS-equipped phones (e.g., emergency applications, buddy finders, games, location-based advertising, etc.). These services are designed to give consumers instant access to personalized, local content of their immediate location. Some applications couple LBS with notification services, automatically alerting users when they are close to a pre-selected destination. With the advances in the Internet and communications/mobile technology, it became vital to analyze the effect of such technologies on human communications. This work studies how humans can construct social networks as a method for group communications using the available technologies. We constructed and analyzed a friends network using different parameters. The parameters that were calculated to analyze the network are the distribution sequence, characteristic path length, clustering coefficient and centrality measures. In addition, we built a PDA application that implements the concept of LBS using two system modules. In the first module, we have developed an application for entertainment purpose; an application program which enables end users to send their birth year and get their horoscope in return. The second part of the project was, to build an application, which helps people to stay in touch with their friends and family members (Find Friend). It helps users to find which of their buddies are within the same area they are in.

Natural strategies for search

In recent years a considerable amount of natural computing research has been undertaken to exploit the analogy between, say, searching a given problem space for an optimal solution and the natural process of foraging for food. Such analogies have led to useful solutions in areas such as optimisation, prominent examples being ant colony systems and particle swarm optimisation. However, these solutions often rely on well defined fitness landscapes that are not always be available in more general search scenarios. This paper surveys a wide variety of behaviours observed within the natural world, and aims to highlight general cooperative group behaviours, search strategies and communication methods that might be useful within a wider computing context, beyond optimisation, where information from the fitness landscape may be sparse, but new search paradigms could be developed that capitalise on research into biological systems that have developed over millennia within the natural world.

TRS 상의 개별/그룹 통신을 위한 효율적인 키 분배 기법

주파수공용통신(TRS: Trunked Radio Service)이란 무선통신을 하는 사람이 특정한 주파수를 이용하던 종래의 무선통신방식과는 달리 중계소에 할당된 소수의 주파수를 다수의 이용자가 공동으로 사용하는 방식을 말한다. TRS 시스템의 가장 큰 특징은 일대 다수의 그룹 및 지령 통신방식이다. TRS 시스템의 구성은 여러 개의 그룹으로 구성되며, 각 그룹은 업무내용에 관련된 유사한 목적을 가진 사용자들의 단말기로 구성된다. 위와 같은 여러 목적에 따라 다양한 형태의 연결이나 그룹 통신이 이뤄질 경우, 여러 가지 형태의 공격에 노출될 수 있으며, 대규모 통신을 위한 키 분배 혹은 설정에 많은 문제점을 가질 수 있다. 본고에서는 TRS 상에서 안전한.통신을 수행하는데 있어 필수 요소인 그룹 키 분배방식을 고찰하며, 통신 횟수를 줄이면서도 참여자 인증을 수행할 수 있는 효율적인 그룹 키 분배 방식을 제안하였다. It used exclusively the radio communication where is the TRS(Trunked Radio Service) at frequency where the person whom it does is specific with hitherto radio communication method differently frequency of the decimal which is allocated to the relay station it talks the at the room which the multiple user uses with commonness. The TRS system the most big feature is the region multiple group and order communication method. The TRS the composition of system is composed of the multi mind group, the each group is composed of the terminal of the users who have the objective which is similar relates in business contents. With above it follows in same multi objective and the connection of the form which is various or group communication accomplishes and quality case, a possibility a or of having many problem point in key distribution for a large scale communication there is it could be exposed to attack of the form which is various. There is a place where it accomplishes the communication which is safe at the TRS from research which it sees it investigates group key distribution method which is an essential element. The method which it sees when it reduces a communication frequency, it stands but is the user, it proposes the efficient group key distribution method it will be able to accomplish.

Next Branch Multicast (NBM) routing protocol

It is well known that IP multicast suffers from deployment issues. The problem mainly originates from the multicast routing complexities in the inter-domain level and state-full nature of current solutions. To cope with the problem, many alternative group communication methods have been proposed. Among them, branching point (BP) based approaches have promising features like incremental deployment, high tree availability, low memory requirement and, hence, high scalability. However, current BP-based methods suffer from two major inefficiencies namely the tree construction difficulties and presence of excessive lookups in the forwarding process of unicast and multicast data packets. We propose a new BP-based protocol named NBM (Next Branch Multicast) to avoid the existing drawbacks. NBM constructs the multicast distribution tree in the forward direction and has a fault-detection and repair mechanism which protects the tree against BPs failures. NBM detects the failure of a higher level BP in the tree sooner than a lower level BP. NBM does not maintain any type of control state in non-branching routers. Our simulation results show that NBM memory requirement for maintaining multicast forwarding states is approximately less than half when compared to the traditional approach. In addition, the NBM tree is more available than the traditional one at least by a factor of 2.

Student Cooperative Learning Workshops Go Mainstream: UMR's Excel Program

AbstractWe offer cooperative learning workshops to all students enrolled in our largest lower division math and science courses where failure rates are high. Participation in the workshops is related to retention and higher academic achievement among engineering students of various abilities. In the tradition of workshops developed for disadvantaged students in mathematics, science, and engineering, our students meet outside of class in structured group meetings. Our contributions to this tradition include application to a broader range of courses, the inclusion of all types of students, and enhanced training of workshop facilitators in small group communication methods and modern leadership techniques. Our approach is readily adaptable to most institutions.