Group BB Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Ultrasound Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane Block with or without Buprenorphine Following Inguinal Hernia Repair

Background and Aims Inguinal hernia is a commonly performed surgical procedure globally, which is often accompanied by significant post-operative pain that peaks on the day of the surgery. The transversus abdominis plane block (TAP) offers better postoperative pain relief for lower abdominal procedures. However, the duration of TAP block is restricted by the effects of given local anaesthetic drugs, necessitating the use of an adjuvant, such as buprenorphine, to improve the quality and duration of analgesia. Hence, we designed the present study to analyse the effect of a TAP block with buprenorphine on the relief of pain after inguinal hernia repair surgery. Methods A prospective, randomized, double-blinded study was conducted on fifty American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Status I and II patients posted for elective unilateral inguinal hernia repair under spinal anaesthesia. At the end of the surgery, group B patients received 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine and group BB patients received 20 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine along with 300 mg of buprenorphine for ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane block. The duration of analgesia, postoperative analgesic consumption and pain scores at rest and during sitting up to 24 h were recorded. Results Patients who received perineural buprenorphine experienced prolonged duration of analgesia (870.32 ± 27.86 vs. 385.64 ± 27.86 minutes), lower tramadol consumption (135.08 ± 23.05 vs. 246.72 ± 38.8 mg), and decreased pain scores both at rest and during sitting for up to 24 hours post-surgery. Conclusion The present study shows that the addition of buprenorphine to bupivacaine in TAP block after inguinal hernia repair produces superior postoperative analgesia compared with the control group without any significant side effects.

Cardamom (Amomum tsaoko) agroforest is important habitat for skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing) in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China

Understory plantation of cardamom (genus Amomum) is an ancient and widespread agroforestry practice in the eastern Himalayas and Southeast Asia, an area that supports high regional biodiversity. Cardamom provides an important cash income to rural people, and governments encourage cardamom cultivation as a replacement for slash-and-burn agriculture to alleviate poverty, aligning with the principles of the Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) program initiated by the FAO. This program recognizes and supports traditional agricultural practices that contributes to biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. In this context, cardamom agroforestry not only supports local economies but also provides crucial habitat for animals, including the newly described skywalker hoolock gibbon (Hoolock tianxing). Nearly half of the remnant population of the skywalker hoolock gibbon lives in cardamom agroforest. In order to evaluate if gibbons could survive in cardamom agroforest for a relatively long term, we compared foraging behavior of gibbons over a year living in cardamom agroforests (group NA) and well-preserved forests (group BB) in Mt. Gaoligong, Yunnan, China. In response to habitat degradation caused by cardamom plantation, group NA increased feeding time and spent more time feeding on leaves. Notably, they consumed nuts of Castanopsis hystrix which is an unusual food type for gibbons. On the contrary, members of group BB rarely ate nuts though Castanopsis hystrix is abundant within its home range. However, group NA did not occupy a large home range, or travel longer in time or distance than group BB. We also monitored female reproduction of five groups for 5–13 years. Two adult females living in agroforests successfully reared two or three offspring with an inter-birth interval of five years. In addition, we surveyed group size of 16 groups (9 in agroforest vs. 7 in well preserved forests) from 2017 to 2023, and we found no significant difference in group size between habitats. Our results suggested that cardamom agroforest can sustain skywalker hoolock gibbons provided it is not too fragmented and hunting is prohibited.

Protecting the non-operative lobe/s of the operative lung can reduce the pneumonia incidence after thoracoscopic lobectomy: a randomised controlled trial

Lung isolation usually refers to the isolation of the operative from the non-operative lung without isolating the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung. We aimed to evaluate whether protecting the non-operative lobe of the operative lung using a double-bronchial blocker (DBB) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) could reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia. Eighty patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 40 each): the DBB with CPAP (Group DBB) and routine bronchial blocker (Group BB) groups. In Group DBB, a 7-Fr BB was placed in the middle bronchus of the right lung for right lung surgery and in the inferior lobar bronchus of the left lung for left lung surgery. Further, a 9-Fr BB was placed in the main bronchus of the operative lung. In Group BB, routine BB placement was performed on the main bronchus on the surgical side. The primary endpoint was the postoperative pneumonia incidence. Compared with Group BB, Group DBB had a significantly lower postoperative pneumonia incidence in the operative (27.5% vs 5%, P = 0.013) and non-operative lung (40% vs 15%) on postoperative day 1. Compared with routine BB use for thoracoscopic lobectomy, using the DBB technique to isolate the operative lobe from the non-operative lobe(s) of the operative lung and providing CPAP to the non-operative lobe(s) through a BB can reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumonia in the operative and non-operative lungs.

Marginal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites with different viscosities in class II restorations: a micro-CT evaluation

BackgroundThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the marginal adaptation of bulk-fill resin composites with different viscosities (paste-like and flowable) in Class II restorations using micro-CT imaging.MethodsForty extracted human molars were used. Mesial and distal Class II box cavities (approximately 3 mm x 3 mm x 4 mm) were prepared for each tooth, with cavity floors located 1 mm below the enamel-cementum junction. Following adhesive application, teeth were restored using eight different groups: Group XB: X-tra Base Bulk-fill Flowable (VOCO), Group XF: X-tra Fill Bulk-fill (VOCO), Group FB: Filtek Bulk-fill Posterior (3 M ESPE), Group FF: Filtek Bulk-fill Flowable (3 M ESPE), Group BB: Beautifil-Bulk (SHOFU), Group BF: Beautifil-Bulk Flowable (SHOFU), and Group CO: “as a control group”, Clearfil Majesty Posterior (KURARAY) and Group CF: “as a control group”, Clearfil Majesty Flow + Clearfil Majesty Posterior (KURARAY). The restored teeth underwent an aging protocol involving 1000 cycles in a water bath fluctuating between 5 ± 1.0 °C and 55 ± 1.0 °C. Post-aging, teeth were immersed in 50% silver nitrate solution for 24 h and then in a film developer solution for 8 h. Microleakage analysis was performed using micro-CT, evaluated with 3D Slicer software. A two-way ANOVA was employed for statistical analysis.ResultsTwo-way ANOVA results indicated significant effects of both viscosity (p < 0.0001) and composite type (p < 0.0001) on marginal adaptation. Viscosity analysis (comparing flowable and paste-like) revealed no significant differences in the FB-FF, XB-XF and BB-BF groups but significant differences in the and CO-CF group, with flowable type exhibiting less microleakage than paste-like type.ConclusionsThe study suggests that while the viscosity of bulk-fill composites did not significantly affect marginal adaptation, the brand of bulk-fill composite did influence it.

Does the 2017 global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease revision really improve the assessment of Chinese chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients? A multicenter prospective study for more than 5 years.

The Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 proposed a new classification that reclassified many chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients from group D to B. However, there is a paucity of data related to the comparison between reclassified and non-reclassified COPD patients in terms of long-term prognosis. This study aimed to investigate long-term outcomes of them and determine whether the GOLD 2017 revision improved the assessment of COPD patients. This observational, multicenter, prospective study recruited outpatients at 12 tertiary hospitals in China from November 2016 to February 2018 and followed them up until February 2022. All enrolled patients were classified into groups A to D based on GOLD 2017, and the subjects in group B included patients reclassified from group D to B (group DB) and those remaining in group B (group BB). Incidence rates and hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated for the exacerbation of COPD and hospitalization in each group. We included and followed up 845 patients. During the first year of follow-up, the GOLD 2017 classification had a better discrimination ability for different risks of COPD exacerbation and hospitalization than GOLD 2013. Group DB was associated with a higher risk of moderate-to-severe exacerbation (HR = 1.88, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-2.59, P < 0.001) and hospitalization for COPD exacerbation (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.29-3.85, P = 0.004) than group BB. However, during the last year of follow-up, the differences in the risks of frequent exacerbations and hospitalizations between group DB and BB were not statistically significant (frequent exacerbations: HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.51-2.03, P = 0.955; frequent hospitalizations: HR = 1.66, 95% CI = 0.58-4.78, P = 0.348). The mortality rates of the two groups were both approximately 9.0% during the entire follow-up period. The long-term prognosis of patients reclassified into group B and of those remaining in group B was similar, although patients reclassified from group D to group B had worse short-term outcomes. The GOLD 2017 revision could improve the assessment of Chinese COPD patients in terms of long-term prognosis.

Comparisons and genetic assessments of WSSV resistance and growth in strain cross of Litopenaeus vannamei

To explore the performance differences among offspring obtained by the intra- and inter-strain crosses, strain A with outstanding WSSV resistance and strain B with outstanding growth of Litopenaeus vannamei were used to construct four experimental groups in a complete diallel cross. 27 growth-related phenotypic traits and WSSV resistance represented by the surviving hours post-infection were obtained via the growth and the virus challenge test. Mixed linear model along with physical pedigree were utilized to calculate the least squares means, correlations, heritability and heterosis. The results showed that crossbreeding can realize character complementation of advantage strain. The performance of WSSV resistance was ranked AA> BA> AB> BB, and the reciprocal crosses performed significantly better than intra-strain group BB. Most growth-related traits in two reciprocal cross groups were also significantly better than those in AA group. Comparisons between the two reciprocal crosses showed that BA cross was better than AB in terms of WSSV resistance and growth. Heterosis of WSSV resistance in BA cross was 5.74∼10.18% greater than that in AB, meanwhile the absolute weight gain rate of BA cross was 4.83% higher than that of AB. The heritability estimates of body length and body weight were 0.0278 and 0.339, both of which reached medium level. The genetic and phenotypic correlations among growth-related traits were from 0.36 to 0.99 and 0.32 to 0.99, respectively. In term of WSSV resistance, the heritability estimate was 0.135 ± 0.082. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between WSSV resistance and growth-related traits were from − 0.034 to − 0.573 and − 0.001 to − 0.202, respectively. The results showed that hybrid offspring obtained by crossing female parents with outstanding WSSV resistance and male parents with outstanding growth culminated in a superior heterosis in both traits. This study provides basic reference data for L. vannamei breeding of new strains that are disease resistant and fast-growing.

Assessment of the Sustainable Amazonian Sheep Module Using Production Efficiency Indicators

The objective was to evaluate a Sustainable Amazonian Sheep Module (MOAS by its Spanish acronym) through productive efficiency indicators with two breeds adapted to the Ecuadorian Amazon. The Sustainable Amazonian Sheep Module (MOAS) was implemented at the Center for Amazonian Research, Postgraduate and Conservation (CIPCA) Equator. The work was carried out between October 2018 and October 2019. A total of 33 multiparous females from 36 to 60 months of age were used—of the Blackbelly breed (Group BB): 2 males and 18 females, with an average weight and standard deviation of 30 ± 1.8 kg; and of the Pelibuey breed (Group P): 15 females and 1 male, with an average weight and standard deviation of 40 ± 2 kg. Each breed occupied one hectare where they rotated throughout the evaluated year. The results obtained showed that Group BB maintained an average annual stocking rate of 20 animals and 541.1 kg ha-1, produced 176.8 kg of sheep meat/ha/year, with a stocking efficiency of 27.4%. Group P had an average annual stocking rate of 16 animals and 605.40 kg, produced 219.3 kg of sheep meat/ha/year, with a stocking efficiency of 35.5%. It is concluded that the Sustainable Amazonian Sheep Module evaluated through productive efficiency indicators was shown to be a promising complementary system to be replicated within the Amazonian agricultural systems of Ecuador.

RANDOMIZED COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ANALGESIC EFFICACY OF BUPRENORPHINE AND CLONIDINE AS ADJUVANTS WITH INTRATHECAL BUPIVACAINE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING TOTAL ABDOMINAL HYSTERECTOMY.

Introduction: Understanding pain and continued efforts to alleviate pain is utmost priority perioperatively. Most often pain is underestimated in all age groups. This study is intended to evaluate and compare analgesic efcacy of two drug combinations with local anesthetic agent in spinal anesthesia. In this study efcacy of Clonidine-Bupivacaine, Buprenorphine-Bupivacaine and Bupivacaine is studied in patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. This study was a prospective randomized study conducted on 114 patients age Material and Methods: d 35-60 years who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Research institute for a period of 24 months.After the approval of institutional ethical clearance committee, 114 ASA I and II patients scheduled for elective total abdominal hysterectomy were selected for study. All the patients were evaluated as per the protocol. The anesthetic procedure was explained to the patients in a simple language and informed consent were obtained. The patients were divided into three groups of 38 each using chit in a box technique. Three groups included Bupivacaine 0.5% hyperbaric (Group B), Clonidine and Bupivacaine 0.5% hyperbaric (Group BC), Buprenorphine and Bupivacaine 0.5% hyperbaric (Group BB). Time of onset of sensory blockade, the height of sensory blockade, motor blockade as per Bromage scale were recorded. Total duration of sensory blockade and motor blockade were also noted. Quality of analgesia (visual analogue score), two segment sensory regression time and time to rst rescue analgesia in 24h were documented. Results:The total duration of analgesia was statistically signicant in all three groups. The mean duration of analgesia was 2.436 ± 0.24h in group B, 2.96 ± 0.32h in group BB and 4.35± 0.62h in group BC. The total duration of motor block was found to be statistically signicant between the groups. Mean duration of motor block was 3.10 ± 0.34h in group B , 3.41 ± 0.25h in group BB, 4.48± 0.19h in group BC. The VAS score was found to be statistically signicant between the groups. It was 4.68 ± 0.47 in group B, 4.92 ± 1.07 in group BB and 4.42± 0.50 in group BC. Clonidine is an effective intrathecal Conclusion: adjuvant to Bupivacaine(H) than Buprenorphine in providing post-operative analgesia and the analgesic efcacy of both Clonidine and Buprenorphine as adjuvants with Bupivacaine(H) were better than Bupivacaine(H) alone.

A study of BlockBuster laryngeal mask airway versus Fastrach/Intubating laryngeal mask airway as a conduit for blind oro-tracheal intubation: A prospective randomized controlled study

A Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) has two parts, a simple breathing tube and a mask. The mask at the laryngeal end of the tube aligns against the glottis and provides better channel of ventilation than the face mask. There have been modifications in the basic design of the LMA to incorporate gastric drainage channel and some devices are also equipped with a channel for intubation to secure airway by guiding endotracheal tube (ETT) through it. In this study we evaluated the performance of two LMA devices that can aid in rescue ventilation and are also equipped with a channel for intubation namely the BlockBuster LMA(2012) and the Fastrach/ Intubating LMA(1997) for blind oro-tracheal intubation in terms of First attempt success rate and Over-all success rate of intubation. A hundred consenting patients of age group 18-60 years and ASA status I or II, were randomly allocated into two groups Group BB (BlockBuster LMA) and Group FT (Fastrach LMA) with 50 patients each. Standard anesthesia technique was used for both groups. After insertion of airway device, cuff was inflated and ventilation was attempted (maximum 2 attempts). Once ventilation was achieved, ETT of appropriate size was inserted through LMA (maximum 2 attempts). The correct placement of ETT was confirmed by capnography. Data was collected for number of attempts of tracheal intubation, time taken for intubation and complications. First attempt success rate of intubation was more in Blockbuster LMA than Fastrach LMA. Over-all success rate of Intubation was 100% for both devices. Time taken for intubation and incidence of post-operative sore throat was less in BlockBuster LMA than Fastrach LMA(p-value&amp;#60;0.05). Blockbuster LMA is better conduit for oro-tracheal intubation than Fastrach LMA in terms of higher first attempt success rate, lesser time taken for intubation and lesser post-operative complications.

A Randomized comparative study to observe the safety and efficacy of I gel and blockbuster laryngeal mask airway used in patients undergoing short surgical procedure under general anesthesia

Background and Aims: Blockbuster laryngeal mask airway (LMA), a newer supraglottic airway device, provides a quick and reliable seal of the airway, making it useful for positive pressure ventilation. This randomized comparative study was undertaken to compare the safety and efficacy of I-gel and Blockbuster LMA used in short surgical procedures under general anesthesia. Materials and Methods: Hundred patients of either sex aged between 18 and 60 years belonging to the American Society of Anesthesiologist physical Status I and II undergoing general anesthesia were randomized into two groups of 50 patients each, using either I-gel (Group IG) or Blockbuster LMA (Group BB). After standard monitoring and induction of anesthesia, LMA was inserted according to their randomized groups and adequate ventilation was achieved. The primary objectives were grading of ease of insertion and time taken for successful insertion of device, while number of attempts for insertion, oropharyngeal seal pressure (OSP), hemodynamic changes, and adverse effects such as blood staining of device, injury of lips, tongue and teeth, postoperative hoarseness of voice and sore throat were secondary objectives. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 3.0.0.34. Results: The ease of insertion was graded as very easy in 46 patients in Group BB and 26 patients in Group IG (P &lt; 0.001). The mean time for insertion was less with Group BB (24.30 ± 3.91 s) as compared to Group IG (29.50 ± 12.5 s) (P &lt; 0.0001). 48 patients in Group BB while 37 patients in Group IG (P = 0.008) were required one attempt for insertion. The average OSP was 22.59 ± 1.44 cmH2O in Group BB as compared to 20.88 ± 2.22 cmH2O in Group IG (P &lt; 0.0001). Hemodynamic changes were comparable at different time intervals. Complications such as blood stain of device and sore throat were more with I-gel. Conclusions: The Blockbuster LMA is an effective alternative to I-gel with faster, easier insertion, required a smaller number of attempts, high airway sealing pressure with stable hemodynamic, and less incidence of blood staining and postoperative sore throat.

Feeding value of black soldier fly larvae compared to soybean in methionine- and lysine-deficient laying hen diets

To increase the sustainability of egg production, alternatives to soybean in poultry nutrition are intensively searched for. Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) could have a great potential, but the comparative protein value to soybean is not well known. The main objective of this study was to facilitate this comparison by using experimental diets clearly limited in calculated supply of sulphurous amino acids and lysine. Fifty laying hens (Lohmann Brown Classic), aged 40 weeks, were fed one of five diets for 7 weeks (n=10). Two diets were based on soybean cake and oil (SS, SS-) as protein and energy sources, and three diets contained partially defatted BSFL meal and fat from two different origins (AA-, AB-, BB-). Different from SS, all other diets were designed to be deficient in methionine and lysine in relation to requirements by &gt;20%. The realised supply with total sulphurous amino acids and lysine was indeed superior with SS even though this diet was analysed to be more deficient in methionine than the BSFL-based diets. Despite the calculated deficiency in limiting amino acids, laying performance of the hens of all groups was similar and ranged between 93 and 97%. Similarly, egg mass, daily feed intake and feed efficiency were not influenced by the BSFL-based diets. The yolks of group BB- were more intensely coloured compared to the others indicating a difference between BSFL origins. Yolks of SS-, but not of the BSFL-based diets, had lower contents of dry matter and ether extract than those of SS. Including BSFL into the diet did not influence the odour of the eggs tested in scrambled form. The results show that soybean-based feeds for laying hens may be completely replaced by BSFL-based feeds and suggest that the recommendations for amino acid supply of laying hens might need revision.

Study to compare the effect of nalbuphine and butorphanol as an adjuvant to intrathecal 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine for lower limb surgery

Introduction: Spinal Anaesthesia is routinely used for surgeries performed on lower abdomen, pelvis and lower limbs. Adjuvants allow multiple benefits, most significant being provision of post-operative analgesia. Aims: This observational study was conducted to compare intrathecal nalbuphine versus butorphanol with hyperbaric bupivacaine respectively to assess onset and duration of sensory and motor block, hemodynamic parameters, adverse drug reactions and duration of post-operative analgesia. Materials and Methods: Fifty participants between 20-60 years belonging to ASA grade I/II posted for elective surgery were assigned to : group BN (n=25) : Bupivacaine (0.5%) hyperbaric (3ml) + nalbuphine 1mg (0.1ml) + normal saline 0.1ml and group BB (n=25) : Bupivacaine (0.5%) hyperbaric (3ml) + butorphanol 200mcg (0.2ml). Mean period of sensory/motor blockade, hemodynamic parameters, adverse drug reactions and analgesic requirement post surgery were compared. Results: Onset of sensory blockade was comparable while onset of motor blockade was significantly earlier in nalbuphine than butorphanol. Duration of block and post-operative analgesia was significantly higher for nalbuphine. Hemodynamic parameters and adverse effects were comparable. Conclusion: Nalbuphine is more efficacious than butorphanol due to provision of early onset of motor blockade and prolonged period of sensory/motor blockade with delayed requirement of rescue analgesia.

An Observational Study between Intrathecal Fentanyl and Butorphanol with Low Dose Bupivacaine to Facilitate Early Ambulation in Perineal Surgeries

Background: Neuraxial opioids are widely used with local anaesthetics as they allow lower dose of local anaesthetics while providing adequate anaesthesia and faster recovery from spinal anaesthesia because of their sympathetic and motor nerve sparing activities. In the last few years the number of surgeries performed on an ambulatory basis has increased worldwide because of many advantages like short hospital stay, less chance of wound infection and less chances of deep vein thrombosis.Methods: 64 patients of ASA- I or II of either gender who underwent perineal surgeries were divided into two groups of 32 each:- Group BF patients received 1ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 20µg fentanyl(0.4ml) and Group BB patients received 1ml of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine with 200µg butorphanol(0.2ml) and normal saline(0.2ml).Patients were observed for onset of sensory and motor blockade, duration of sensory and motor blockade, duration of analgesia and time to unassisted ambulation. There was no difference in onset of sensory and motor blockade between the two groups(P&gt; 0.005).Patients receiving butorphanol had statistically significantly longer duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of analgesia than fentanyl(p-0.001).Patients receiving fentanyl were observed to ambulate unassisted significantly early compared to butorphanol (p-0.001).Conclusion: Patients receiving intrathecal fentanyl 20µg can ambulate earlier compared to patients receiving butorphanol 200µg when used as an adjuvant with low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% without any complication.

Comparison Among Intrathecal Fentanyl And Butorphanol As An Adjuvant To Hyperbaric Bupivacaine For Lower Limb Orthopaedic Procedures

AIMS & OBJECTIVES The study was conducted to compare the effect of Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5% 3 ml with fentanyl (25 mcg) 0.5 ml. Bupivacaine Heavy 0.5% 3 ml with Butorphanol (25 mcg) 0.5 ml When administered intrathecally for lower limb orthopedic procedures.MATERIAL AND METHODSAfter obtaining a written and informed consent a comparative study of 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided in two groups of 30 each. Group BB (Butorphanol group) received 25 mcg Butorphanol with 15 mg hyperbaric Bupivacaine (0.5%; 3.0 ml) Group BF (Fentanyl Group) received 25 mcg fentanyl with 15 mg hyperbaric Bupivacaine (0.5%, 3.0 ml).BACKGROUND Amongst the drugs used for spinal anesthesia Bupivacaine is still considered as the standard drug. Combining opioids with local anesthetics has got a synergestic effect, improving intra & postoperative analgesia. Combination of these agents reduces side effects caused by either of them. We therefore conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy of Butorphanol & Fentanyl as adjuvant to Bupivacaine in lower limb orthopedic surgeries. OBSERVATION AND RESULTS When Fentanyl and Butorphanol are used as an adjuvant to hyperbaric Bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia, Butorphanol provides longer duration of sensory & motor block compared to Fentanyl. Duration of analgesia was also longer with Butorphanol which delayed the time for 1st analgesic request compared to fentanyl. No significant haemodynamic changes or adverse effects were noted with either adjuvant. CONCLUSIONThough Butorphanol intrathecally did not enhance the degree of sensory or motor block, its prolonged duration of Bupivacaine induced sensory block & reduced analgesic requirement during early post op period, with good hemodynamic stability without any adverse effects.

Effects of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine on postoperative analgesia for hind limb and pelvic orthopedic operations in dogs

The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative analgesic effects of epidural bupivacaine, bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine in hind limb and pelvic orthopedic operations in dogs. Three groups each containing 10 dogs were formed. Through the lumbosacral space, group B was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1; group BB was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and butorphanol, 0.25 mg kg-1; and group BM was administered bupivacaine, 1 mg kg-1 and morphine, 0.1 mg kg-1. Anaesthesia was induced with diazepam (0.2 mg kg-1) and propofol (5 mg kg-1) and maintenance with isoflurane in oxygen. Pain assessment was performed with the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) by a blinded observer. Plasma cortisol levels were measured preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative pain scores were significantly lower at 2 hours in the group BM, and at 8 and 12 hours in the groups BB and BM compared to the group B (P=0.007). Group BM had a lower plasma cortisol level than the group B at 2 hours (P=0.002). Bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine use were shown to provide longer analgesia in the postoperative period; and the epidural administration of bupivacaine-butorphanol and bupivacaine-morphine was considered to be potentially useful in clinical practice.

Comparative study of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by anterior cervical plate and stand-alone cervical cage

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Anterior cervical discectomy (ACD) was used for management of degenerative cervical disc disorders (DCDD) in previous days. Further research and developments in management of DCDD led to evolution of standard and widely used operative technique as anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) by either anterior cervical plate (ACDF-ACP) with bone grafting or stand-alone cage (ACDF-SAC). There is less data available in literature regarding when and where to use ACDF-ACP and ACDF-SAC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; The study was conducted on 20 patients operated in Government Medical College and Hospital and Pacific Hospital and Research Centre, Aurangabad from June 2018 to March 2020. These patients divided into group A - 10 patients, operated by ACDF-SAC which are further divided as group Aa - 6 patients - operated for single level ACDF-SAC and group Ab - 4 patients - operated for two level ACDF-SAC, group B - 10 patients, operated by ACDF-ACP which are further divided as group Ba - 5 patients - operated for single level ACDF-ACP and group Bb - 5 patients - operated for two level ACDF-ACP. Patients evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively using X-ray cervical spine anteroposterior (AP) and lateral views, MRI cervical spine, visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, Robinson’s criteria and Cobb’s angle.&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; In our study we found, ACDF-SAC has small incision size, less intraoperative time, easy to carry out for surgeons, less intraoperative complications and better clinical outcome as compared to ACDF-ACP. Whereas only radiological results were better in ACDF-ACP than ACDF-SAC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/strong&gt; ACDF-SAC is superior to ACDF-ACP for appropriately selected patients and in well experienced hands.&lt;/p&gt;

Genome evaluation of banana cultivars based on morphological character and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular marker

Abstract. Wahyudi D, Rifliyah K, Uslan. 2020. Genome evaluation of banana cultivars based on morphological character and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) molecular marker. Biodiversitas 21: 2982-2990. This study aims to evaluate the genome group and to investigate the genetic variability of banana cultivar using morphological character and ISSR molecular marker. Fourteen banana cultivars with genomic group AA, AAA, AAB, ABB, and BB was used. All samples were Identified morphologically based on minimal descriptors for bananas issued by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). Total genomic DNA was extracted using DNA Isolation Kit Promega Wizard®. ISSR primer was used in this study, including UBC834, UBC835, UBC843, UBC848, and UBC855. Clustering analysis was used to evaluate genome grouping of the banana cultivar. Clustering analysis of morphological character was performed using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithm and Bray-Curtis coefficient similarity using Paleontological Statistics (PAST) software. Morphological and ISSR was successfully differentiate banana cultivars and relatively similar to previous genome grouping. However, pisang Triolin (AAB) must be evaluated since it belongs to AAA group. The identification of cultivars and classification of their genome groups based on morphological characteristics and proved by molecular markers will strengthen the establishment of Musa improvement strategy especially in Indonesia and ease the breeder to identify desirable traits of progenitor to be included in the breeding program.

Study the Effects of Pit-1 polymorphism on some blood Parameters in dairy cow in Karbala governorate

the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Pit-1 polymorphism on the some blood parameters in dairy local Iraqi cattle, blood samples were collected from (120) healthy dairy cow breeds aged between (4-6 years), in peak stage (40-120) days of lactation, during period of time beginning from September 2017 till January 2018, in the northeast of rural areas in Karbala province. Amplification Refractory Mutation System (ARMS-PCR) techniques was used to detect Pit-1 polymorphism and to classified the genotyping in to three groups; wild group AA, recessive group BB and heterozygosity group AB.The frequencies of genotypes were recorded as 0.06 for AA, 0.70 for AB and 0.24 for BB on the other handthe frequencies of allele were recorded as 0.41 for Pit-1(A) and 0.59 – Pit-1(B).The current study showed no significant decrease (p, >0.05) in the RBC, Hb&MCHC in AB&BB genotype groups compare with AAgenotype group, also the PCV % was no significant difference in all groups. The conclusion our study showed that not found effects of pit 1 polymorphism on the some blood parameter in dairy cow.

Association of HLA class II alleles/haplotypes and amino acid variations in the peptide binding pockets with rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune, inflammatory disease, caused by environmental and genetic factors. To elucidate the association of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*/DQB1* alleles/haplotypes and the variations of polymorphic amino acid changes in peptide binding pockets in RA patients from south India. HLA typing was performed in 176 RA patients and 176 healthy controls by polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primers method. Strong susceptible association for alleles such as DRB1*04:01(odds ratio [OR]=3.66), 04:06 (OR=3.81), 03:01 (OR=2.93), 06:01 (OR=2.53) and protective association for alleles such as DRB1*13:01 (OR=0.17), 14:01 (OR=0.15), 05:02 (OR=0.17), and 05:03 (OR=0.338) were observed in RA patients. The 2-locus haplotypes such as 04-02:01 (OR=3.844), 04-06:01 (OR=6.57), 07-03:01 (OR=6.16), 07-06:01 (OR=3.42), 12-06:01 (OR=5.24), 15-03:01 (OR=4.69) with susceptible and DRB1*14-DQB1*05:03 (OR=0.078) with protective associations were observed in RA patients. The acid-base analysis revealed that the basic group BB allele was positively associated (OR=2.372) and the acidic group AA allele was negatively associated (OR=0.086). The analysis on shared epitopes has revealed that the combination QKRAA+, (Q)RRAA+ or (Q)RRAA- was positively associated with RA (OR=2.78). The amino acid variation at HLA-DQβ molecule revealed susceptible associations for residues E86 and L87 (P1); E74 (P3); A13 , Y26 , I/S28 , T28 , I71 and E74 (P4); L9 , T30 , D37 and D57 (P9), whereas, the amino acids A86 and T87 (P1); S74 (P3); G13/26 , A71 and S74 (P4); H30 and T37 , S57 (P9), showed protective associations. Alleles DRB1*04:06 and*04:01 showed strong susceptible and DRB1*13:01 and *14:01 showed protective associations in RA patients. The amino acid variations in DQβ molecules revealed significant molecular markers for susceptibility to and protection from RA in south India.

Enzyme pre-treatment of soybean meal: Effects on non-starch carbohydrates, protein, phytic acid, and saponin biotransformation and digestibility in mink (Neovison vison)

The study was conducted to examine if crude enzymes (E) produced from Aspergillus niger by solid state fermentation could bio-transform carbohydrates, proteins, inositol phosphate (InsP) and saponins in soybean meal (SBM) under low moisture conditions. Two experiments were performed to determine the effect of mixing, moisture content, treatment time and E levels during enzyme hydrolysis. 1) A single replicate 23 full factorial screening design was used to determine the effect of the independent continuous variables time (30 and 70min), moisture (350 and 450gkg−1 DM), and the category variable mixing (i.e. effect of static conditions vs. active mixing (X3, S/M)) during the enzyme hydrolysis. 2) A three factorial central composite design (CCD) was used to study the effects of moisture content (316–484gkg−1 DM), time of hydrolysis (16.4–83.6min), and E content (0.32-3.68gkg−1 SBM dry matter (DM)). The first experiment demonstrated that hydrolysis of InsP6 was significantly affected by time (P<0.01), moisture content (P<0.0001) and static vs. mixing (P<0.01). The hydrolysis of Bb-DDMP was also significantly affected by static vs. mixing (P<0.05). The second experiment demonstrated that the hydrolysis of InsP6 was significantly affected by time (P<0.001), moisture (P˂0.001) and enzyme content (P˂0.01). The InsP6 content was reduced 84% after 70min, at a moisture content of 450gkg−1 DM with the addition of 3g enzyme kg−1 SBM DM, the InsP5-InsP3 were not accumulated at these parameter settings. The hydrolysis of the saponin group Bb was explained by the enzyme square regressor (P<0.001) and the interaction between moisture and enzyme (P<0.001) reaching a maximum by the addition of 2.5g enzymes kg−1 SBM DM at 484gkg−1 moisture content. No significant effects on soluble protein and dietary fiber were observed.Mink were fed three diets containing 50% of the protein from SBM, SBM treated without enzymes or treated with enzymes. There was a trend of improved ash apparent digestibility in mink by the enzyme treatment (P=0.07), but not for phosphorous. The apparent digestibility of protein and amino acids (AA) in mink was improved by the heat treatment used to inactivate the enzymes (P<0.001), however, not by the enzyme treatment itself.