Group B2 Research Articles

A Comparative in vitro Investigation on the Impact of Fiber Insertion on Cuspal Deflection of Maxillary Premolars Restored with Various Types of Bulk Fill Direct Composite Restorations

Background: Polymerization shrinkage remains a significant disadvantage that makes the use of direct composite restorations difficult. Objective: To evaluate how well a fiber insert and multiple bulk-fill direct restorations worked on the cuspal deflection of MOD cavities in premolar teeth using a Dino-Lite digital microscope and computer software. Methods: In sixty fresh maxillary first premolars, large MOD cavities were created. Teeth were randomly divided into six groups of ten based on restorative materials. SonicFill®, Beautifil Bulk®, and Filtek® Bulk Fill posterior restoratives were used in groups A1, B1, and C1, whereas groups A2, B2, and C2 used the same bulk composite with E-glass fiber (UFM, Dentapreg). Under a digital microscope, the intercuspal distance between two reference points on the cusp tips was measured before preparation, after preparation, 15 minutes after finishing restorations, and one month following incubation. Results: There was a significant difference between the groups after 15 minutes of restoration, but no significant differences following cavity preparation or one month of incubation. CD values were considerably higher after 15 minutes of restoration in groups restored with bulk fill only. Beautifil Bulk Fill restorative resulted in greater cuspal deflection than the other groups. The CD values in each group were significantly higher 15 minutes after restoration compared to cavity preparation and a month of incubation. Conclusion: Using inserts, cuspal deflection in MOD cavities can be significantly minimized, and stress release usually occurs after water incubation.

Pengaruh Kegiatan Eco Enzyme Terhadap Keterampilan Proses Sains Anak Usia Dini Di Taman Kanak-Kanak Ananda Maek

The lack of science learning in an environment that supports the development of science process skills in early childhood is caused by a lack of teacher knowledge in introducing interesting science activities related to the environment. This study intends to demonstrate how eco enzyme activities at Ananda Maek Kindergarten affect young children's science process skills. In this study, a quantitative method and a quasi-experimental design are used. All pupils at Ananda Maek Kindergarten made up the study's population, and class B3 served as both the experimental group and class B4 served as the control group. Data analysis procedures employed normality tests, homogeneity tests, and hypothesis testing with the aid of the computerized SPSS 20. Data collection techniques used tests in the form of statements of 8 items. According to the study's findings, the pre-test sig (2-tailed) value was 0.118, and following treatment, there was a rise in both classes with a sig (2-tailed) of 0.000. However, the experimental class's average score was higher—28,400—than the control class's average of 25,80. Thus, it can be said that eco enzyme activities have a considerable impact on young children's science process skills at Ananda Maek Kindergarten.

Comparative Clinicopathological Changes Associated with Experimental Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae Cohabitation Infection in Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis mossambicus)

Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus iniae are the two main pathogens causing streptococcosis in fish. This study compares the clinicopathological changes in red hybrid tilapia experimentally infected with S. agalactiae or S. iniae. A total of 180 tilapias were divided into six groups. Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A were inoculated intraperitoneally with sterile phosphate-buffered saline, S. agalactiae, and S. iniae. Fish of Groups 1A, 2A, and 3A were then immediately allowed to cohabitate with fish of Groups 1B, 2B, and 3B, respectively. All fish were observed at 6-hr intervals for 120 hr before surviving fish were euthanized. The spleen, liver, and brain samples were collected for bacterial isolation and histopathology. Clinical signs were developed at 72 hr in Groups 2A and 3A and 96 hr in Groups 2B and 3B. Group 2A showed the highest clinical score (P<0.05). Significantly (P<0.05), more cohabitating fish (Groups 2B) were infected by S. agalactiae compared to S. iniae (Group 3B) at 55.0±0.0 and 43.70±1.25%, respectively. The mortality rate was significantly (P<0.05) higher for Groups 2A and 2B than other groups. The gross lesions were significantly (P<0.05) more common in fish of Group 2A. Histopathologically, encephalitis was observed in fish infected with S. iniae of Groups 3A and 3B, while meningoencephalitis was observed in fish infected with S. agalactiae of Groups 2A and 2B. The findings suggest that S. agalactiae is more pathogenic than S. iniae, producing slightly different histopathological lesions in the brain.

Efficiency of Experimental Formulation Containing Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia against Moniezia expansa Eggs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the experimental formulation containing chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans and Pochonia chlamydosporia fungi, against Moniezia expansa. Two experiments were carried out. The first experiment evaluated the in vitro efficacy using 1 g of the experimental formulation (V1) added to 100 M. expansa eggs and the control (V2) (without the fungal formulation). Intact eggs or eggs with alterations were counted in order to evaluate their effectiveness. The second experiment evaluated the action of the fungal formulation on M. expansa eggs after passing through the gastrointestinal tract of goats. Three groups were identified as B1, B2, and B3, which received 1.0, 1.5 g of experimental fungal formulation, and placebo, respectively. In experiment 1, all the eggs in V1 were subjected to the predatory action of fungi, while in V2, the eggs remained intact. In experiment 2, the reduction of eggs in groups B1 and B2 were 49% and 57% 24 h after ingestion, 60% and 63% 48 h after, and 48% and 58% 72 h after. The predatory capacity against M. expansa eggs shown in the tests demonstrated that experimental fungal formulation has the potential to be used on integrated helminth control programs.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Mixture of Natural Antioxidants on Milk Yield, Composition, Oxidation Stability and Udder Health in Dairy Ewes.

Due to the limitations in the use of antibiotic agents, researchers are constantly seeking natural bioactive compounds that could benefit udder health status but also milk quality characteristics in dairy animals. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the effects of a standardized mixture of plant bioactive components (MPBC) originated from thyme, anise and olive on milk yield, composition, oxidative stability and somatic cell count in dairy ewes. Thirty-six ewes approximately 75 days after parturition were randomly allocated into three experimental treatments, which were provided with three diets: control (C); without the addition of the mixture, B1; supplemented with MPBC at 0.05% and B2; supplemented with rumen protected MPBC at 0.025%. The duration of the experiment was 11 weeks, and milk production was weekly recorded, while individual milk samples for the determination of composition, oxidative stability, somatic cell count (SCC), pH and electric conductivity were collected. Every two weeks, macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were also determined in individual milk samples. It was observed that milk yield was the greatest in the B2 group, with significant differences within the seventh and ninth week (p < 0.05), whereas no significant differences were found for milk composition, with the exception of the seventh week, when protein, lactose and non-fat solid levels were lower in MPBC groups (p < 0.05). Oxidative stability was improved in the groups that received the MPBC, with significant differences at the third, seventh, tenth and eleventh week (p < 0.05). SCC was also significantly lower at the second, eighth and ninth week in B2 compared to the other groups (p < 0.05), while no significant effects on the macrophage, lymphocyte, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte counts were observed. In conclusion, the MPBC addition had a positive effect on sheep milk yield, oxidative stability and somatic cell count, without any negative effect on its composition.

Differences of Escherichia coli isolated from different organs of the individual sheep: molecular typing, antibiotics resistance, and biofilm formation.

Despite numerous studies on Escherichia coli (E. coli) from sheep, there have been few reports on the characterization of E. coli isolates from various organs of individual sheep until now. The present study conducted molecular typing, antibiotics resistance, biofilm formation, and virulence genes on E. coli isolated from 57 freshly slaughtered apparently healthy sheep carcasses, gallbladders, fecal samples, and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs). The results demonstrated that the detection rate of R1 LPS core type in E. coli isolated from fecal samples (70.83%) was higher than that from other organs, but the detection rate of antibiotic resistance genes was lower (P < 0.05). The predominant phylogenetic group of E. coli isolated from the carcasses was group B1 (93.33%), and the detection rate of multidrug-resistance phenotype (80%) and the resistance rate of E. coli was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). Interestingly, the intensity of biofilm formation of E. coli isolated from MLNs was higher than that from other organs (P < 0.05). However, except for ibeB, the detection rates of virulence genes did not differ in E.coli isolated from different organs. In conclusion, differences were noted in these parameters of E. coli isolated from different organs of individual sheep. Therefore, the data may contain considerable mistakes concerning the actual situation in the host if we only analyze the data of E. coli isolated from feces or carcasses.

Quinolone resistance and biofilm formation capability of uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from an Iranian inpatients' population.

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is a major pathogen of the urinary tract infection (UTI), and biofilm formation is crucial as it facilitates the colonization in the urinary tract. We aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, biofilm formation capability, distribution of quinolone resistance genes, and phylogenetic groups among UPEC isolates from an Iranian inpatients' community. A collection of 126 UPEC obtained from hospitalized patients with symptomatic UTI at 3 teaching hospitals during 2016 were included. Antibiogram of all isolates against quinolone and fluoroquinolones was performed using the disk diffusion method. Phylogenetic groups and qnr A, B, and S genes were assessed by PCR. Susceptibility pattern showed that more than 50% and 81% of the isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones and quinolones, correspondingly. The frequency of qnrS and qnrB genes was 22% and 13.5%, correspondingly. Our result indicated no significant association between the presence of fluoroquinolone genes and antibiotic resistance to them. The frequent common phylogroup was B2 (84.1%), followed by D (10.3%), A (3.2%) and B1 (2.4%) groups. Indeed, 80.2% of the isolates were biofilm producers, so that 42.1%, 16.7% and 21.4% of them were classified as weak, moderate and strong producers, respectively. Our results showed considerable fluoroquinolone and quinolone resistance among UPEC along with a remarkable rate of biofilm-producing isolates from symptomatic hospitalized patients, making them a serious health concern in the region. This survey highlights the need for awareness on quinolone resistance and careful prescription of them by physicians.

Is Dissection and Preservation of Adherent Popliteal Vessels From a Posterior Soft Tissue Mass Associated With a Higher Proportion of Local Recurrence in Patients With a Distal Femoral Osteosarcoma?

Is Dissection and Preservation of Adherent Popliteal Vessels From a Posterior Soft Tissue Mass Associated With a Higher Proportion of Local Recurrence in Patients With a Distal Femoral Osteosarcoma?

Haematological Changes Following Intramuscular and Per- Rectal Diclofenac Sodium Administration in Dogs undergoing Orchiectomy

A total of 30 Nigerian indigenous male dogs aged 1-2 years (1.65±0.47) and 11-15kg (13.4±1.27) body weight were used for the study. They were randomly allocated into 6 groups of 5 dogs each. Groups A1, B1 and C1 for intramuscular at 2mg/kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg respectively and Groups A2, B2 and C2 for per-rectal at 2mg//kg, 3mg/kg and 4mg/kg. Haematological values of Packed cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb), Red blood cell (RBC), White blood cell (WBC) and Differential leucocyte counts (DLC) of Lymphocyte (LYM), Neutrophils (NEU), Monocyte (MON) and Eosinophils (EOS) were determined. Statistical Package for Social Sciences Software Version 22.0 (SPSS Inc. Chicago. Illinois). General Linear Model (GLM) using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (RM-ANOVA), to compare the mean of different groups at a 95% confidence interval and a 5% level of significance was used. The PCV, Hb and Rbc values of the dogs castrated were within normal range when compared with specie corresponding values. The PCV value was lowest 38.6±1.9 at 2nd hour 2mg/kg for per rectum and highest of 44.1±1.9 at the 9th hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose. The Hb value was lowest at 12.9±0.5 at 1st hour for per rectum at 4mg/kg dose and the highest of 15.3±0.8 at 0 hour for intramuscular at 2mg/kg. The Rbc value was lowest at 4.0±1.5 at 4th hour, 2mg/kg for per rectum and the highest of 6.6±0.3 at 7th hour, 2mg/kg. The Total leucocyte count (TLC) values of WBC and DLC also recorded significant differences. There was significant difference (P&lt;0.05) between routes but values remain within normal range of values. This finding shows that the use of Diclofenac as a short term analgesic caused no significant changes on the haematocrit values of dogs when used after castration. This finding has also indicated that short-term use of diclofenac through the per rectum route may be safe and had no deleterious effect on haematological value of Nigerian indigenous male dogs

Implementasi Penilaian Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini di Kota Palangka Raya

The implementation of the learning assessment at Rahmat Al-Falah Palangka Raya Kindergarten which has been carried out properly every day by referring to 6 aspects of early childhood development, namely religious and moral, cognitive, physical-motor, language, social emotions and children 's arts values as stated in the Child Development Achievement Level Standard (STPPA). This study aims to describe the implementation of early childhood learning assessments in Rahmat AlFalah Palangka Raya Kindergarten. This research uses qualitative research methods with a descriptive approach. The primary data sources are 2 (two) Group B3 teachers and 24 students, as well as the Head of Kindergarten Rahmat Al-Falah as an informant Data mining uses observation techniques, interviews and documentation that are validated using triangulation techniques and sources. Furthermore, an analysis was carried out with 4 stages, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the implementation of learning assessments was carried out by teachers every day using the Daily Assessment Format which refers to the Child Development Achievement Level Standard (STPPA) with 8 principles. The growth assessed is weight, height and head circumference in each child. Meanwhile, thedevelopment assessed includes 6 aspects of development, namely religious and moral values, cognitive, physical-motor, language, social emotions and art. The types of learning assessments used such as observation, question and answer, anecdotal notesand work results, types of learning assessment reporting in the form of learning outcomes report books or report cards in writing in the form of descriptions or narratives and checklists on child development.

Variations of Serum CRP Levels in Periodontal Health and Diseases: A Clinico-Biochemical Study.

This study aimed to quantify serum C-reactive protein (CRP) values in periodontally healthy people and explore the relationship between serum CRP levels and chronic periodontitis, and the influence of scaling as well as root planing (SRP) on serum CRP levels. The study included 100 systemically healthy adults (n = 100; 50 males and 50 females) who were separated into two groups: Group A (control) n = 50; periodontally healthy subjects and Group B (test) n = 50; subjects with chronic periodontitis. The test group (group B) was further separated randomly into two groups: B1 (n = 25) and B2 (n = 25). The clinical parameters and serum CRP levels were measured only once in Group A and before SRP in Group B1 subjects. In Group B2 subjects the clinical parameters and serum CRP levels were measured only after two months following SRP. For group A, B1, and B2 (the readings recorded after SRP) the mean gingival index scores were 0.146, 2.437, and 1.052, respectively, while the plaque index was 0.414, 2.499, and 0.954, respectively. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) showed statistically significant differences between three groups, with higher values in patients with periodontitis before intervention (2.196 ± 0.49; 1.490 ± 0.23), respectively. Healthy controls (Group A) had a C-reactive protein level of 0.04820 mg/dL, while group B1 (test) had 1.678 mg/dL and 0.8892 mg/dL (group B2). C-reactive protein levels were observed to be greater in the test group (groups B1 and B2), and these differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Chronic periodontitis enhances blood levels of systemic inflammatory markers like CRP, which has been reduced by periodontal treatment with SRP.

Myo-inositol improves the viability of boar sperm during liquid storage.

Liquid preservation of boar semen is a highly preferred method for semen preservation in pig production. However, oxidative stress is the main challenge during the liquid preservation of boar semen in a time dependent manner. Therefore, supplementation of sperm with antioxidants during storage to protect them from oxidative stress has been the focus of recent research. Myo-inositol (Myo-Ins), the most active form of inositol, which belongs to the vitamin (Vit.) (B1 group has been shown to improve semen quality) (1). This study aimed to investigate whether Myo-Ins supplementation protects boar sperm in liquid preservation against oxidative stress and determine the appropriate concentration of Myo-Ins to be used in this regard. Boar sperm was diluted with a semen extender with different concentrations of Myo-Ins (2, 4, 6, and 8 mg/mL) depending on the previous studies (1, 24). Sperm motility and viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), semen time survival, and gene expression were measured and analyzed on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 for the different samples. Different concentrations of Myo-Ins exerted different protective effects on the boar sperm quality. The addition of 2 mg/mL Myo-Ins resulted in higher sperm motility and viability, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, MMP, and effective survival time. Investigation of mRNA expression patterns via qRT-PCR suggested that the 2 mg/mL Myo-Ins sample had increased expression of antioxidative genes. The addition of Myo-Ins to semen extender improved the boar semen quality by decreasing the effects of oxidative stress during liquid preservation at 17°C. Additionally, 2 mg/mL is the optimum inclusion concentration of Myo-Ins for semen preservation.

Peri-Procedural Management of Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants (DOACs) in Transcatheter Miniaturized Leadless Pacemaker Implantation.

Data on peri-operative management of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) during transcatheter pacing leadless system (TPS) implantations remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate a standardized DOAC management regime consisting of interruption of a single dose prior to implantation and reinitiation within 6-24 h; also, patient clinical characteristics associated with this approach were identified. Consecutive patients undergoing standard TPS implantation procedures from two Swiss tertiary centers were included. DOAC peri-operative management included the standardized approach (Group 1A) or other approaches (Group 1B). Three hundred and ninety-two pts (mean age 81.4 ± 7.3 years, 66.3% male, left ventricular ejection fraction 55.5 ± 9.6%) underwent TPS implantation. Two hundred and eighty-two pts (71.9%) were under anticoagulation therapy; 192 pts were treated with DOAC; 90 pts were under vitamin-K antagonist. Patients treated with DOAC less often had structural heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and advanced renal failure. The rate of major peri-procedural complications did not differ between groups 1A (n = 115) and 1B (n = 77) (2.6% and 3.8%, p = 0.685). Compared to 1B, 1A patients were implanted with TPS for slow ventricular rate atrial fibrillation (AF) (p = 0.002), in a better overall clinical status, and implanted electively (<0.001). Standardized peri-procedural DOAC management was more often implemented for elective TPS procedures and did not seem to increase bleeding or thromboembolic adverse events.

Influence of decentration of plate-haptic toric intraocular lens on postoperative visual quality

BackgroundTo evaluate the influence of decentration of plate-haptic toric intraocular lens (IOLs) on visual quality.MethodsThis study enrolled 78 eyes of 78 patients. Patients in group A were implanted with toric IOLs, and patients in group B were implanted with monofocal IOLs. All patients were divided into group A1 and B1 (decentration below 0.3 mm) and group A2 and B2 (decentration above 0.3 mm). The uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), modulation transfer function cutoff (MTF cutoff), objective scatter index (OSI), strehl ratio (SR), optical interference and patients’ satisfaction were measured in different pupils at three months postoperatively. The associations between decentration and visual quality were analyzed by Spearman correlation.ResultsThere were no significant differences in UDVA, BCVA, MTF cutoff, OSI, SR, optical interference and patients’ satisfaction among subgroups. The differences in decentration between groups A and B were not statistically significant. In group A2, the total higher order aberrations (tHOAs) at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.046), 5 mm (P = 0.014), spherical aberrations at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.011), 4 mm (P = 0.014), 5 mm (P = 0.000), secondary astigmatism at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.002), 4 mm (P = 0.005) were higher than in group B2. Compared to group A1, group A2 had higher spherical aberrations at pupil sizes of 4 mm (P = 0.042), 5 mm (P = 0.001), 6 mm (P = 0.038), secondary astigmatism at pupil sizes of 3 mm (P = 0.013), 4 mm (P = 0.005), 6 mm (P = 0.013). Group B2 has higher coma and secondary astigmatism than group B1 at 6-mm pupil (P = 0.014, P = 0.045). Significant positive correlations were found between spherical aberrations and the decentration of group A1 and A2 at 6-mm pupils.ConclusionThe decentration above 0.3 mm negatively affected visual quality due to increased tHOAs, spherical aberrations, coma and secondary astigmatism aberrations, the influence become larger with increasing pupil diameter. And toric IOLs are more affected by decentration than monofocal IOLs.

Detection of antibiotic resistance of the phylogenetic group E among E. coli bacteria isolated from diarrheal cases in children under five years

From 50 stool samples collected from children with diarrhea of both sexes who visited various hospitals in Baghdad, 26 isolates of E.coli were found to belong to the phylogenetic group E. The findings revealed that the percentage of E.coli for thephylogenetic group E is (52%) , making it the dominant group among the other phylogenetic groups. The findings demonstrated that 100% of the E.coli isolates from phylogenetic group E are resistant to penicillin, and only 15% are resistant to imipenem. Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found to be 15%, while XDR reached 85%. The results of thephylogenetic group for the remaining species of isolates in this study were group A (2/50 and by 4%), group B2 (1/50 and by 2% ),group C (12/50 and by 24%), group D (6/50 and by 12%), group F (3/50 and by 6%), group B1 by 0%, and group Clade 1 by (0%).

Genomic characterisation of multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harbouring mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes on a single plasmid from paediatric clinical cases

Emergence of plasmid-born mobile colistin resistance (mcr) gene, a growing concern in healthcare. Therefore, this study aims to genomically characterize multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring the mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes in young children. E. coli (n=3) and K. pneumoniae (n=2) were collected from abdominal secretion and blood, respectively. The isolates were screened using tryptone soya broth (TSB) with 4µl/ml polymyxin-B. Growing bacteria were identified using the VITEK-2 system, MALDI-TOF and 16s RNA sequencing, followed by antibiotic susceptibility testing, as well as metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production was detected. Afterwards, strains were subjected to molecular screening targeting mcr variants, and ESBLs/MBL encoding genes. Conjugation, PFGE, southern hybridisation, MLST, and Phylogenic group detection were performed. Plasmid-genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed. E. coli named EC-19-322, 323, and 331 and K. pneumoniae isolates named KP-19-225 and 226 harboured both mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes. These strains were also found to be resistant to more than three classes of antibiotics. The conjugation experiment revealed the presence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 on the single plasmid and the transmission frequency was 10-2 to 10-3. Both strains were found to be able to produce ESBLs and MBL. E. coli EC-19-322 and 323 were identified as an ST131(O25a:H41), SP-19-331as an ST1577 (O16:H30) and K. pneumoniae as an ST231 (K2). All E. coli strains belonged to phylogenetic group B2, and the results of PFGE supported the MLST findings. This study, reported the co-occurrence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes on single plasmid in pathogenic ESBLs/MBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolated from young children.

Effects of cross-section morphology, vascular bundle content and anisotropy on compression failure of laminated bamboo columns

To investigate the mechanical performance of short laminated bamboo column (LBC) with different cross-section morphology and vascular bundle content, three groups of specimens were axially compressed to investigate their elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio, load capacity and failure mode. The cross-section morphology of bamboo column has little influence on the ultimate bearing capacity of bamboo column, but it has a certain effect on the ductility. The vascular bundle content of LBC has great influence on the mechanical properties, as the mean peak load of group C is 25.16% higher than that of group B1. It is also found that the strength of the LBC depends on the global fiber buckling while the delamination of the fibers results in the complete failure of the LBC.

High incidence of fosfomycin-resistant uropathogenic E. coli among children

BackgroundThere are few epidemiological or molecular data on Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains resistant to fosfomycin. In this study, we described the occurrence and characterization of fosfomycin-resistant uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolated from children.Materials and methodsThis study was carried out on 96 E. coli isolates obtained from children with urinary tract infections. Two methods were performed to detect fosfomycin resistance: The agar dilution method and the rapid fosfomycin test. The disc diffusion method was done to detect the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of all isolates. The phylogenetic grouping of all isolates was done according to the modified Clermont method. Conventional PCR was performed to detect plasmid-mediated fosfomycin-resistant genes (fos genes) and the blaCTX−M gene.ResultsAnalyses of data were performed by SPSS software. A high percentage of fosfomycin resistance (37/96; 38.5%) was reported among UPEC isolates. The fosfomycin-resistant strains showed a higher resistance rate than fosfomycin-susceptible isolates to different antibiotics. E group (62.2%) was the most predominant phylogenetic group among the fosfomycin-resistant UPEC isolates, followed by Group B2 (21.6%) and group D (13.5%). The fos genes were detected in 21 isolates with the fosA3 gene as the most frequent, which was detected in 11 isolates followed by fosA (8), fosC2 (4), fosA4(1), and fosA5(1) genes.ConclusionThis is the first report of a high prevalence of plasmid-mediated fosfomycin-resistant UPEC in Egypt. All of these isolates were multidrug-resistant to the tested antibiotics. Close monitoring of such strains is mandatory to prevent widespread dissemination of the genes code for antibiotic resistance.

MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KEAKSARAAN AWAL ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN MELALUI MEDIA PAPAN PINTAR

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;em&gt;The introduction of early literacy in early childhood should be done in a fun way. One fun way to improve literacy skills in early childhood is to use smart boards. The smart board is a square area that is used as a medium for pronouncing letter sounds. This study used the type of Classroom Action Research (CAR) and was conducted at the Surabaya State University (UNESA) 1 Labschool Kindergarten with research subjects children in group B2 consisting of 11 children, with 5 boys and 6 girls in the age range 5-6 years. The data collection technique used in this study was observation and documentation, while the data analysis technique used was quantitative descriptive. The results showed that there was an increase in the ability to recognize letters in group B2 TK Labschool Unesa 1. In cycle 1, children's initial literacy skills using smart boards were 63.63%. In cycle 2, the child's initial literacy skills through the smart board media in group B2 at TK Labschool Unesa 1 had reached a percentage of 81.81%, thus this study was successful. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of smart board media can improve early literacy skills in children with an age range of 5-6 years in group B2 TK Labschool Unesa 1.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;Keywords &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;- &lt;em&gt;Smart Board Media; Early Literacy Ability; Classroom Action Research &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Trueness, Flexural Strength, and Surface Properties of Various Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Interim Restorative Materials after Accelerated Aging.

Various 3D printing systems for interim fixed dental restorations are commercially available. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of 3D printed resins used for interim restorations fabricated using various 3D printing systems and printing angulations after accelerated aging. Three different interim restorative materials were provided and printed using their specific 3D printing systems (A: NextDent; B: Asiga; C: Nova3D), and the testing specimens from each system were printed at two building angles: (1) 0° and (2) 90°. The six groups were A1, A2, B1, B2, C1, and C2, with sixteen specimens per group. Half of the specimens in each group (N = 8) were subjected to accelerated aging, including simulated brushing and thermocycling. Three-point bending, surface roughness, and Vickers microhardness tests were performed. Two-way ANOVA and Fisher's multiple tests were used for statistical analyses. The most accurate systems were found in groups C1 and C2 for length, A1 and B1 for width, and A1 and C1 for height. The specimen trueness only changed after aging for groups B1, B2, and C1. The flexural strength of the A2 group (151 ± 7 MPa) before aging was higher than that of the other groups, and the strength decreased after aging only for groups A1 and A2. The flexural strength, microhardness, and surface roughness of the 3D printed interim resins after aging varied depending on the material, system used, and printing angle.