Groundnut Varieties Research Articles

Adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties increases agricultural production, consumption, and smallholder commercialization in West Africa

As part of the climate-smart agriculture approach, the adoption of climate-resilient crop varieties has the potential to build farmers’ climate resilience but could also induce agricultural transformation in developing nations. We investigate the relationship between adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties and production, consumption, and smallholder commercialization using panel data from Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria. We find adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties to increase smallholder production, consumption, and commercialization. The biggest adoption impact gains are observed under the sustained use of these climate-resilient varieties. We show that adoption benefits all households, but the biggest gains are found among smaller producers, suggesting that adoption is inclusive. Furthermore, we provide suggestive evidence that yield increases could explain commercialization, although household consumption also matters. We conclude that adoption of climate-resilient groundnut varieties can at least partially reduce production constraints and promote smallholder consumption and commercialization, with implications for agricultural transformation.

Effect of Nano Phosphorus on Growth and Yield of Groundnut Varieties (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield Prediction over SPSS Model

The experiment was conducted during the Summer season 2022, at the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj (U.P.) to find out the “Effect of Nano phosphorus on growth and yield of different varieties of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and Yield validation using SPSS model”. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design comprising of 9 treatments which include 3 varieties Kadiri Lepakshi (K1812), Kadiri 6 (K6) and Kadiri 9 (K9) and 3 Different levels of nano phosphorous 2ml/litre, 4ml/litre and 6m/litre. Whose effect is observed in Ground nut varieties The result was observed in K-1812 by the application of nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit was recorded maximum plant height (61.39 cm), plant dry weight (42.34 g/plant), number of pods per plant (32.87), seed index (42.09 g), pod yield (2.98 t/ha) and haulm yield (4.46 t/ha) and harvest index (40.07 %) were recorded in K-1812 with application of Nano phosphorus at the rate of 6 ml/lit respectively. At the same time higher gross return (1,25,307.00 INR/ha), net return (88,467.35 INR/ha) and benefit cost ratio (2.40).Treatment 3 has shown 42.28% increase over predicted yield where as there were 10.88% increase in treatment 7 over predicted yield through SPSS model.

Effect of NPK application dates on agronomic parameters of two Bambara groundnut varieties cultivated on ferric Lixisol in northern Sudanian Sector of Burkina Faso

Effect of NPK application dates on agronomic parameters of two Bambara groundnut varieties cultivated on ferric Lixisol in northern Sudanian Sector of Burkina Faso

Exploring gender differences in trait preferences among groundnut value chain actors in northern Ghana

Assessing gender differences in trait preferences of groundnut value chain actors can influence the effectiveness of crop breeding programs, the adoption of developed technologies, and policy interventions. However, there is limited evidence to support decisions that meet end users’ demands, given that most studies do not disaggregate trait preferences by sex and age. We use a stated preference method to characterize the preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for various attributes of improved groundnut varieties by male and female youth and older adults in the different segments of the groundnut value chain. The results indicate heterogeneity in preference and WTP for production, market, and nutrition attributes of groundnut across supply chain actors. The results showed that gender is not a unifying factor in respondents’ WTP, revealing dissimilarities among youth and older adults of the same sex group. Our findings suggest that groundnut breeding programs must prioritize production, market, and nutrition attributes based on gender needs to speed up the process of adoption, commercialization, and utilization of groundnut.

Response of Groundnut Varieties to Phosphorus Management in Groundnut-Baby Corn Cropping Sequence

The experiment was conducted during 2019 and 2020 (March to August) at Regional Research Station, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Jhargram, West Bengal, India to find out the response of phosphorus management on growth and yield of groundnut varieties and its residual effect on succeeding baby corn. The three main plot treatments (variety- TAG 24, TG 51, TG 37A) and six subplot treatments of phosphorus dose were laid out in split plot design with three replications. Highest plant height (70.3 cm), number of branches plant-1 (8.5), crop growth rate (3.67 g m-2 day-1), pod yield (2007 kg ha-1), haulm yield (2876.22 kg ha-1), kernel yield (1360.76 kg ha-1) and oil yield (689.36 kg ha-1) were obtained with groundnut variety TG 51. Whereas phosphorus dose (100% RDF+PSB @ 25 g kg-1 of seed+FYM @ 2 t ha-1) provided highest value for the above characters. Interaction effect was significant for pod yield and kernel yield. The residual effect on succeeding baby corn was found maximum for variety TAG 24 and treatment (100% RDF+PSB @ 25 g kg-1 of seed+FYM @ 2 t ha-1) applied to previous groundnut. So, application of phosphorus @ 60 kg ha-1 along with P.S.B @ 25 g kg-1 of seed and F.Y.M @ 2 t ha-1 may be successful for groundnut variety TG 51 alone and TAG 24 in sequence with baby corn.

Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Collar Rot Causing Pathogen Aspergillus niger on Groundnut in Rajasthan, India

Groundnut, a major pulse crop also grown as an oil seed over 90 countries worldwide, is important to the Indian economy. The states of Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu are the main producers of groundnut. In 2021, disease incidence with symptoms similar to collar rot was reported from Jaipur district of Rajasthan. The fungal strain was isolated from the collar region of susceptible groundnut variety TAG-24. White colonies with mycelia were observed in 3-4 days which eventually turned dark brown in color. Pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy groundnut and collar rot symptoms developed within 7-8 days of inoculation. Sequencing of PCR products amplified with the18S rRNA (NS1F-NS8R) and ITS (NS1F-ITS4R) primers indicated 99.4% and 100% identity respectively with a reference strain of Aspergillus niger CBS 554.65 (ATCC 16888) in the NCBI-Genebank database. Based on the morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungal pathogen was identified as Aspergillus niger and submitted to Gene Bank with the accession nos. ON954789 and OQ653131. The the culture is submitted to NCMR-NCCS (accession number MCC 9892).

GROUNDNUT PRICE FORECASTING AND SUPPLY RESPONSE MARKET INTEGRATION IN INDIA

The oilseed industry plays a significant role in India's agricultural economy, and the nation is the world's biggest producer of oilseeds. These crops are second only to food grains in terms of total acreage, total output, and total economic worth. The nine oilseeds—including the seven edible varieties of groundnut, rapeseed-mustard, sunflower, soybean, and sesame—can be successfully cultivated in India. Outside of Rajasthan, groundnut expansion patterns generally declined. The output of groundnuts in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka has been declining recently. The state of Tamil Nadu had the fastest increase in groundnut production. Groundnut output fluctuations were found to be greater in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh, as measured by the instability index. Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, and Karnataka all had relatively stable groundnut crop areas. The market had the largest monthly rise in wholesale groundnut prices compared to other markets.

Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in an Alfisols of Tamiraparani Tract

Background: Groundnut, an important oilseed crop, has been losing its area on the cropping map of the state agriculture, owing to favourable production and marketing environment for other crops like maize. The trends in area, production and yield of groundnut, its relative profitability and factors affecting productivity in the state. The area under groundnut in Tamil Nadu and India has turned negative over the years although the productivity of the crop was constantly increasing. The current study aimed to evaluate the soil test crop response integrated nutrient management package on the growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of integrated nutrient management practices on growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) during Rabi (September to December) 2019 and 2020 at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Killikulam, Thoothukudi with the test crop of groundnut variety TMV (Gn) 13. The 10 treatments consisted of 2 levels of 75 and 100% Soil Test Crop Response (STCR) based recommended fertilizers i.e. 38 : 64 : 94 NPK kg ha-1, 3 sources of organic manures (Poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1, Humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 and Rhizobium @ 3 kg ha-1) along with absolute control receiving no organic or inorganic sources. Result: The result revealed that application of 75% STCR + Rhizobium @ 3 kg ha-1 + Humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 + Poultry manure @ 3 t ha-1 (T8) increased growth and yield attributes contributing significantly to higher productivity (2964 and 8975 kg ha-1 of mean pod and haulm yield, respectively) and nutrient uptake of groundnut besides enriching soil available nutrients after harvest of groundnut. Due to the cheap cost of manuring, that treatment also recorded the highest mean net returns (₹ 72,706 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.47).

“Climate-smart agriculture and food security: Cross-country evidence from West Africa”

In the face of climate change and extreme weather events which continue to have significant impacts on agricultural production, climate-smart agriculture (CSA) has emerged as one important entry point in reducing the emission of greenhouse gases and building climate resilience while ensuring increases in agricultural productivity with ensuing implications on food and nutrition security. We examine the relationship between CSA, land productivity (yields), and food security using a survey of farm households in Ghana, Mali, and Nigeria. To understand the correlates of the adoption of these CSA practices as well as the association between CSA, yields, and food security, we use switching regressions that account for multiple endogenous treatments. We find a positive association between the adoption of CSA practices and yields. This increase in yields translate to food security as we observe a positive association between CSA and food consumption scores. Although we show modest associations between the independent use of CSA practices such as adopting climate-smart groundnut varieties, cereal-groundnut intercropping, and the use of organic fertilizers, we find that bundling these practices may lead to greater yield and food security gains. Under the different combinations, the use of climate-smart groundnut varieties exhibit the strongest association with yields and food security. We also estimate actual-counterfactual relationships where we show that the adoption of CSA practices is not only beneficial to CSA adopters but could potentially be beneficial to non-CSA adopters should they adopt. These results have implications for reaching some of the sustainable development targets, especially the twin goals of increasing agricultural productivity and maintaining environmental sustainability.

Assessment of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties under Various Sowing Windows for Crop Growth, Development and Yield in Western Maharashtra, India

The present experiment was carried out at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training, College of Agriculture, Pune, MPKV, Rahuri for assessment of different groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) varieties for crop growth, development and yields under various sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone during the Kharif season of 2017 and 2018. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25th MW, S2: 26th MW, S­3: 27th MW and S4: 28th MW as sub plot treatments. From the result of the study, all the growth attributes were increased with the advancement in age of the groundnut crop. Plant height 35.27 and 33.34 cm, total number branches 11.34 and 10.55, total dry matter accumulation plant-1 34.36 and 32.11 g during both the years of experiment, which were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Among all the sowing windows 26th MW (S2) recorded the highest growth attributes viz., plant height (33.67 and 31.94 cm), total number of branches plant-1 (11.34 and 10.58 g) and total dry matter accumulation plant-1 (34.75 and 32.78 g) during both year of experiment. 26th MW sowing window was at par with the 27th MW sowing window with all growth attributes. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in variety in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Pod yield (27.25 and 28.84 q ha-1) and haulm yield (40.60 and 37.61 q ha-1) was higher in 26th MW sowing window, which were at par with 27th MW sowing window during both the year.

Impact on Yield Attributes and Yields of Groundnut Varieties under Different Sowing Windows in Western Maharashtra, India

Present experiment was undertaken to study the “Impact of yield attributes and yields of groundnut varieties under different sowing windows in Western Maharashtra Plain Zone” at Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre of Advanced Faculty Training (CAFT) in Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) as main plot and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S­3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July) as sub plot treatments. The number of pods plant-1, weight of pods plant-1, 100 kernel weight (g), shelling (%) and yields as influenced by the different treatments were recorded at harvest. Yield contributing characters viz., number of pods-1 (45.25 and 43.29) and weight of pods-1 (12.99 and 13.82) were found significantly higher in variety JL-776 over RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas shelling percentage (75.12 and 76.60) were found significantly higher in variety TAG-24 followed by JL-501, JL-776 and RHRG-6083. Pod yield (26.59 and 28.14 q ha-1) and haulm yield (39.61 and 36.7 q ha-1) were significantly higher in JL-776 followed by RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24. Amongst all the groundnut varieties, JL-776 (Phule Bharati) is significantly superior under extended sowing windows followed by varieties RHRG-6083, TAG-24 and JL-501. Sowing during 26th MW was observed to be most suitable and optimum for groundnut considering the growth and yield attributes. This sowing window was at par with 27th MW sowing window.

Thermal Indices Requirement of Kharif Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties under Different Sowing Window in Western Maharashtra, India

An agro-meteorological investigation was undertaken during the kharif season of 2017 and 2018 at the Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, College of Agriculture, Pune, Maharashtra State (India). The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of four varieties viz., V1: JL-501, V2: RHRG-6083 (Phule Unnati), V3: TAG-24 and V4: JL-776 (Phule Bharati) and four sowing windows viz., S1: 25rd MW (18th to 24th June), S2: 26th MW (25th June to 01st July), S­3: 27th MW (2nd to 8th July) and S4: 28th MW (09th to 15th July). Results showed that the higher GDD was observed in 26th MW sowing window with variety JL-776 (1826 and 1723) and RHRG-6083 (1763 and 1690) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heat use efficiency (0.088 and 0.100 g/GDD) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. The highest HTU was observed in 26th MW sowing window in variety JL-776 (8254 and 6924) and RHRG-6083 (8171 and 7074) followed by variety JL-501 and TAG-24, whereas, higher heliothermal use efficiency (0.0200 and 0.0309 g/HTU) at peg formation to rapid kernel growth stage was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) during 2017 and 2018, respectively. Higher PTU (4818.42 and 4890.75) was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) in variety JL-776 (V2) this was followed by var. RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 whereas, higher photothermal use efficiency (0.0284 and 0.293 g/PTU) at physiological maturity was observed under 26th MW sowing window (S2) with variety JL-776 (V2) followed by variety RHRG-6083, JL-501 and TAG-24 during 2017 and 2018, respectively.

Genetic mapping identified three hotspot genomic regions and candidate genes controlling heat tolerance-related traits in groundnut.

Groundnut productivity and quality have been impeded by rising temperatures in semi-arid environments. Hence, understanding the effects and molecular mechanisms of heat stress tolerance will aid in tackling yield losses. In this context, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population was developed and phenotyped for eight seasons at three locations for agronomic, phenological, and physiological traits under heat stress. A genetic map was constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing with 478 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci spanning a map distance of 1,961.39 cM. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using phenotypic and genotypic data identified 45 major main-effect QTLs for 21 traits. Intriguingly, three QTL clusters (Cluster-1-Ah03, Cluster-2-Ah12, and Cluster-3-Ah20) harbor more than half of the major QTLs (30/45, 66.6%) for various heat tolerant traits, explaining 10.4%-38.6%, 10.6%-44.6%, and 10.1%-49.5% of phenotypic variance, respectively. Furthermore, important candidate genes encoding DHHC-type zinc finger family protein (arahy.J0Y6Y5), peptide transporter 1 (arahy.8ZMT0C), pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein (arahy.4A4JE9), Ulp1 protease family (arahy.X568GS), Kelch repeat F-box protein (arahy.I7X4PC), FRIGIDA-like protein (arahy.0C3V8Z), and post-illumination chlorophyll fluorescence increase (arahy.92ZGJC) were the underlying three QTL clusters. The putative functions of these genes suggested their involvement in seed development, regulating plant architecture, yield, genesis and growth of plants, flowering time regulation, and photosynthesis. Our results could provide a platform for further fine mapping, gene discovery, and developing markers for genomics-assisted breeding to develop heat-tolerant groundnut varieties.

Analysis of Soil and Crop Parameters for the Development of Power Tiller-Operated Groundnut Digger

Groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a major oilseed crop and holds an important place in the Indian agricultural economy. Odisha occupies 6th place in the major groundnut-producing states of the country with a total production of 0.388 MT and is grown in both Kharif and Rabi seasons. Harvesting is one of the major unit operations in groundnut cultivation and is mechanically harvested by tractor-operated diggers but their use is limited because of small land holdings and high capital costs and is not economical for small and marginal farmers of the state. However, the groundnut diggers to match with power tillers are not commercially available, therefore, efforts were made to develop a single-row groundnut digger operated by a power tiller. The study was conducted to relate the soil and crop parameters for the digger design, which influences the harvesting of groundnut. The design of a power tiller-operated groundnut digger to harvest a single row of groundnut requires the data of soil parameters (soil type, bulk density, cone index and soil moisture content) and crop parameters (plant population, plant height, pod zone, pod spreading radius, taproot length, taproot diameter, pod-vine ratio), suitable for different groundnut varieties. It was found that the majority of groundnut varieties were grown in sandy soils and harvested at 12-15 % soil moisture for more yield with a minimum power requirement. It was observed that for all types of groundnut varieties the plant population, plant height, pod zone depth, pod spreading radius, taproot length, taproot diameter and the number of pods per plant varies from 24-29/m2, 31-49.18 cm, 5.79-6.86 cm, 5.87-9.15 cm, 11.70-13.78 cm, 4.64-5.84 cm and 11-27/plant, respectively.

Market participation of smallholder groundnut farmers in Northern Ghana: Generalised double-hurdle model approach

Market participation is both a cause and a consequence of economic development. Markets offer households the opportunity to specialize according to comparative advantage and thereby enjoy welfare gains from trade. The current literature on product marketing in Ghana is inadequate for designing and implementing effective policies to overcome problems in the marketing system, especially leguminous crops. Based on this, the study analyses the determinants of groundnut farmers’ decision to participate and the level of market participation in Northern Ghana using cross-sectional data from 250 smallholder farmers. We employed the generalized double hurdle model to analyse the objectives of this study. On average, the study found that 62% of groundnut output harvested by farm households in Northern Ghana was sold on the market. The most significant determinants of market participation decision and intensity of participation in the groundnut market include extension service, distance to output market, farmer-based organization, off-farm income, output price, use of improved groundnut variety, and access to transport. We recommend that strategies and policies aiming at promoting smallholder commercialization should focus on providing rural infrastructure, market-oriented extension services, and forming farmer groups for collective marketing.

PRODUCTIVITY OF GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) AS INFLUENCED BY VARIETY AND SPACING IN NINGI LGA, BAUCHI STATE, NIGERIA

The experiment was conducted at Ningi during dry season of 2021 and 2022 to evaluate the effect of variety and spacing on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The treatments consisted of two groundnut varieties (Samnut 21 and Samnut 24) and four intra-row spacings (10, 15, 20 and 25 cm); these were factorially combined to give eight treatment combinations and laid out in a randomized complete block design (RBCD) with three replications. Data were collected on plant height, number of leaves, 100 grains weight and grain yield. Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was adopted in separating the means. The result of the experiment showed that, there was a significant difference (P= 0.05) in both years on all the parameters observed. The results further indicated that, spacing of 15x50 cm produced statistically (P= 0.05) similar result with 20x50 cm, however the two treatments were better than the other spacing used. Varieties on the other hand, Samnut 24 proved to be significantly (P= 0.05) better than Samnut 21 on most of the parameters observed. Considering year of study however, 2021 was found to be statistically (P= 0.05) better than 2022 in all the parameters observed. Based on the results, growing Samnut 24 at a spacing of 15 x 50cm can be adopted by farmers for groundnut production in the study area.

PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogaea L.) VARIETIES AND ECONOMICS UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION SCHEDULES

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2021-22 at Agricultural College, Bapatla to evaluate the influence of irrigation schedules on yield and economics of different groundnut varieties. The experiment was laidout in split-plot design and replicated thrice. The experiment consisted of three irrigation schedules viz., IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 (M1), IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 (M2) and IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 (M3) as main plots and four groundnut varieties i.e., TAG-24 (V1), Dheeraj (V2), Kadiri Leapskhi (V3) and Kadiri Chitravati (V4) in sup plots. The results revealed that IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 produced significantly higher pod yield (3175 kg ha-1) and haulm yield (4291 kg ha-1) over IW/CPE ratio of 0.6 but it was at par with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8. Among the varieties tested, highest pod and haulm yield was recorded with Kadiri Lepakshi (3607 kg ha-1) which was significantly superior over Kadiri Chitravati, Dheeraj and TAG-24. Highest gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee invested were obtained with IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 with Kadiri Lepakshi variety when compared to other treatments

Effect of Micronutrients on Growth and Yield of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties

During the summer season of 2022, a field experimental trail on groundnut was performed at Crop Research Farm (CRF), Department of Agronomy, SHUATS, Prayagraj (U.P.) to evaluate the impact of micronutrients on the growth and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) varieties. The experimental plot's soil was sandy loam in texture, virtually neutral in soil reaction (pH 7.7), low in organic carbon (0.44%), available N (171.48 kg/ha), available P (27.00 kg/ha), and available K (291.20 kg/ha). The experiment was designed in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) method, with nine treatments repeated three times. According to this trial, the treatments are zinc (0.5%), boron (0.2%), zinc+ boron (0.5%+0.2%) as foliar spray, and varieties. (Kadiri 6, Kadiri 9, Kadiri Amaravati). The treatment combinations are, T1-0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T2- 0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T3- 0.5% Zinc (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati, T4- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T5- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T6- 0.2% Boron (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati, T7- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri 6, T8- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri 9, T9- (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn+ B (foliar) + Kadiri Amaravati. (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn + B (foliar) application with variety Kadiri 6 resulted in greater Plant height (26.60cm), Nodules/plant (49.14), and Plant dry weight (6.56 g/plant). Maximum number of pods per plant (27.87), kernels per pod (2.66), seed index (40.13 g), seed yield (2.48 t/ha), haulm yield (5.67 t/ha), and harvest index (30.44%). Thus, using (0.5% + 0.2%) Zn + B (foliar) in conjunction with the variety Kadiri 6 could be a promising choice for increasing groundnut yield.

Susceptibility of three varieties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) towards Callosobruchus maculatus according to their nutritional and antinutrient contents

Susceptibility of three varieties of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) towards Callosobruchus maculatus according to their nutritional and antinutrient contents

Adaptive Capacity of two Varieties of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Crude Oil Polluted Soil

Arachis hypogaea L. (Groundnut) production in Niger Delta, Nigeria is limited as the crop has not been well adapted to this region. This research was carried out to determine the adaptive capability of groundnut in crude oil polluted soil. Seeds of two varieties (Java and Bold Type) were planted in soil polluted with 0.8% and 0% of crude oil. Growth parameters were measured every 10 days up to 50 days after planting. Nodules were isolated from the roots 50 days after planting and cultured in YEMA solid medium and further subcultured in PDA medium to obtain pure cultures. Result showed that they adapted to the crude oil polluted soil with Java variety having the optimum agronomic performance, root architecture and rhizobium population. Nodules formed from day 10 to day 50 after planting shows that the highest number of nodules formation occurred on day 50 for the Java variety in polluted soil (32 nodules) while the bold variety had the lowest (5 nodules). Four fungal organisms identified in the pure-cultures were penicillium chrysogenum , Aspergillus niger , Mucor circinelloides , Botrydiplodia theobromae . This research suggested that the ability of groundnut to grow in crude oil polluted soil could be due to their root architecture and ability to fix nitrogen in the soil. Further adaptation studies should be carried out covering other part of Niger Delta region. Keywords: Groundnut, Nodule, Adaptive Capacity DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/13-4-06 Publication date: March 31 st 2023