Dry matter (DM) partitioning to pods, vines and roots of groundnut at maturity was examined as a function of pod-zone calcium (Ca) supply (0–2500 μM) in a Virginia cv. Virginia bunch 1 (‘VB-1’) and Spanish cv. ‘TMV-2’ groundnut grown in a split root-zone/pod-zone solution culture system. The pod-zone Ca supply significantly affected growth and DM distribution of the two cultivars. The pattern of DM distribution of ‘VB-1’ differed considerably from that of ‘TMV-2’. At optimal pod-zone Ca supply, the DM partitioned to kernels in ‘VB-1’ was 11% of the total plant biomass compared with 32% in ‘TMV-2’. In both cultivars, the vine and root DM were negatively correlated with that in the pod. Total plant DM was also negatively correlated with pod DM in both cultivars, suggesting that the photosynthetic capacity of the groundnut plant is somehow compromised by pod filling.