Groundnut Production Research Articles

Enhancing Groundnut Productivity in Anantapur District, Andhra Pradesh: Identifying Constraints and Developing Adaptation Strategies

India is a world leader in groundnut farming. A purposive and random sampling technique was used for the study and conducted in KVK operated mandals of Anantapur and Satya Sai district. Ten mandals of KVK operational area were selected purposively where Cluster Front-Line Demonstrations were conducted and from each mandal 2 villages were selected purposively by KVK. Eight farmers from each village were selected randomly, thus making a total of 160 respondents for this study. An ex-post facto research design was used and the data were collected by interview method and enquired about the constraints faced by them for low groundnut productivity and queried suggestions to overcome the constraints faced by them. From the study, it was revealed that major constraints of the farmers faced were uncertainty in rainfall during crop growth period (96.25) followed by lack of irrigation facility (92.5 %), shortage of labour during critical stages (88.75%), low production due to pest and disease infestation (87.5%) and non-availability of appropriate market price (86.25) as reported by the farmers. Among the suggestions offered by farmers it was the supply of inputs at subsidized rate (76.25 %) ranked first followed by remunerative price should be made available to the groundnut farmers during drought years (75.0%) ranked second and irrigation facilities should be made available (72.5%) ranked third.

Effect of varietal selection and nutrient management on productivity, soil fertility and economics of summer groundnut (Arachis hypogaea)

A field experiment was conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, West Bengal, during 3 consecutive summer seasons of 2017, 2018 and 2019, to find out the influence of varietal differences and nutrient-management practices on crop productivity, soil fertility and economics in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Higher crop growth and yield were recorded under variety ‘TAG 24’; and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) with Rhizobium inoculation resulted higher growth, yield attributes and yield of groundnut followed by 100% RDF + Rhizobium inoculation. The nutrient (N, P and K) availability in soil after harvesting was also higher under ‘TAG 24’ variety with 125% RDF + Rhizobium. However, interaction effect of crop variety and fertilizer treatment was found insignificant. The pooled analysis of economics revealed that, higher benefit: cost ratio (2.73) was obtained under ‘TAG 24’ in combination with 100% RDF+ Rhizobium.

Optimization of phosphorus levels for enhancing groundnut productivity under different land configuration in semi-arid ecologies of Afghanistan

The present investigation entitled “Optimization of phosphorus levels for groundnut under different land configuration in Afghanistan” was carried out at Afghanistan National Agricultural Science and Technology University (ANASTU), Kandahar Province, Afghanistan during spring season of 2020. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with 15 treatment combinations and three replications. The main-plot consised of land configurations, viz. ridge and furrow (RF), broad bed and furrow (BBF) and flatbed (FB), while the sub-plots comprised of phosphorus levels, viz. absolute control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg P2 O5 / ha. The results revealed that the plant growth in terms of dry matter accumulation (above ground and below ground) and number of branches/plant were maximum in BBF, followed by FB and minimum in RF. Adoption of BBF also recorded significantly higher pod yield (2,987 kg/ha) and harvest index (31.0). With respect to P levels, application of 60 kg P2O5 /ha produced significantly higher pod yield (3,363 kg/ha), biological yield (13,157 kg/ha) than other P2 O5 levels. Therefore, growing of groundnut on BBF with application of 60 kg P2 O5 / ha was found beneficial for achieving higher production and productivity under Afghanistan conditions.

Growth and instability analysis of area, production and yield of groundnut in selected states of India

India is the largest producer of oilseeds in the world as oilseed sector occupies an important position in the agricultural economy of the country. The study was based on the secondary data from 2002-03 to 2019-20. Major five groundnut producing states were selected based on highest production last triennium average production. The growth rate and instability were computed by using Compound Annual Growth Rate and Cuddy-Della Valle Index. The growth pattern of groundnut witnessed a downward trend with respect to area except Rajasthan state (7.667%). Growth pattern of groundnut indicated a downward trend in respect to production in Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu state. Growth rate in yield (4.442 %)of groundnut was observed highest in Gujarat state. The instability index showed that the fluctuation in production of groundnut was found to be higher in Andhra Pradesh (44.453%) and Gujarat (41.660%). Low rate of instability was observed in area under groundnut crop in Gujarat (9.690%), Karnataka (10.495%) and Tamil Nadu (11.802%).

Evaluation of Advanced F4 Groundnut Breeding Lines for Chlorosis Tolerance, Morphological and Yield Parameters under Lime-induced Iron Chlorosis Condition

Iron deficiency chlorosis, a major physiological disorder affecting the groundnut production worldwide and is prevalent in alkaline and calcareous soils with a pH of 7.5 to 8.5. Identifying and developing a chlorosis tolerant genotype is the best solution to overcome this major abiotic stress in calcareous soils. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad, in June, 2019 under rainfed conditions to evaluate a set of sixteen advanced breeding lines along with three parents of groundnut checks for chlorosis tolerance, morphological and yield parameters. Associated traits like SPAD chlorophyll meter reading (SCMR) and visual chlorotic rating (VCR) were assessed to evaluate the chlorosis tolerance. Among the parents, lime induced iron chlorosis (LIIC) tolerant parent, ICGV 86031 had recorded higher SCMR value and lower VCR (35.62 and 2.40, respectively) at 60 DAS with lower plant height, higher number of branches per plant, total dry matter production and pod yield (19.27cm, 5.20, 9.34g and 9.21g, respectively) at harvest compared to LIIC susceptible parents. However, among the derived breeding lines, TIP 16-5 recorded higher SCMR value and lower VCR (28.82 and 1.72, respectively) at 60 DAS with higher plant height, number of branches and total dry matter (26.29 cm, 5.33 and 12.80g, respectively) at harvest over the respective susceptible parent TMV 2. Further, TIP 16-5 and JIP 29-14 recorded about 50.47 and 31.46 per cent increased pod yield over their susceptible parents. These results indicate introgression of dry matter production, pod yield and chlorosis tolerance from the tolerant parent.

Impact of frontline demonstration on groundnut productivity in South Tripura district

In South Tripura district groundnut is grown in very small pocket using local varieties. In general, farmers do not follow scientific package of practices and not using the improved variety due to which the productivity of groundnut is only 1200 kg/ha. With a view to increase the productivity level of groundnut in the district total 80 numbers of demonstration has been taken covering 17 ha area in six selected villages during Kharif and Rabi season of 2011and 2012 by KVK, South Tripura. The objective of the FLD on groundnut was to demonstrate the potential of improved varieties and technologies to the farmers. Awareness programme and training on scientific cultivation practices of groundnut was conducted before starting the demonstration programme. Besides imparting training, printed leaflets on groundnut were distributed among the farmers for their ready reference. Field day programme was also conducted in the farmer’s field in standing crop. Improved variety of groundnut viz. GG-7 and GG- 20 were demonstrated for obtaining higher yield as compared to local varieties and traditional method of cultivation. Increase in yield percentage varies from 26.83 to 50.43% for both the varieties over the local check. Farmers earned upto Rs. 38550/- for both the varieties by selling the groundnut in the local market.

Screening of Bacillus sp. (OQ654027) Mediated Seed Bio-priming Enhance Plant-Growth-Promotion for Sustainable Crop Production of Groundnut and Chickpea

Plant growth-promoting bacteria are valuable microbes that enhance the plant growth, development, and yield. Several seed priming methods are able to improvise seed germination, seedling potency, to overwhelmed abiotic stress and biotic stress management which gets prime attention. Generally, plant-growth promoting bacteria are utilized for biopriming technique that is able to survive under stress environmental conditions. The aims of the present investigation were to screening ofKC9bacterial isolate as PGPB in groundnut and chickpea and study the effects ofKC9 bacterial isolation seed, seedling germination and growth during the development of both seeds. In this study KC9 has been isolated from the soil sample of chickpea crop field at Saurashtra region. Preliminary screening was conducted based on their identification via morphological, biochemical i.e., catalase, starch hydrolysis, sugar utilization, motility, IMViC test, gram’s nature and by 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences and identified as Bacillus sp. that has been submitted to the NCBI for Accession number. Further examine the production of indole acetic acid (IAA), Ammonia (NH3), HCN, Siderophore and Phosphate solubilization. KC9 (Bacillus sp.) was recognized as most efficient plant-growth promoting bacteria. For the pot experiment seed biopriming method is employing to coat the seeds of chickpea and groundnut with Bacillus inoculant consider as treated and seeds sown with double distilled water as control. Bacillus coated seed biopriming also minimize the seed germination time period that takes only 3-4 days to proper seed radicle development. By the statistical approach of paired t-test of pot experiment on chickpea and groundnut seeds and seedlings were treated with Bacillus strain exhibited significantly higher levels at of seed germination, seedling growth via root length, shoot length and number of leaves in compared to non-treated control plants. In this present investigation , impact of seedling germination on the inoculated condition with KC9 of groundnut and chickpea, determining remarkable changes in total chlorophyll content (11.81 µg/g and 10.40 µg/g), relative water content(RWC) obtained 86% and 83%., total free amino acids (92.14±0.03µg/ml whereas 37.5±0.02µg/ml), total phenolic acid content (76.28±0.03mg GAE/100g and chickpea is 52.83±0.08 mg GAE/100g) and total flavonoid content increases with the treatment of KC9 (Bacillus sp.) 626±0.05QE/100g is recorded in groundnut seedlings and chickpea is 0.085±0.01QE/100g respectively.

Liming application rates and plant population on the performance of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in humid rainforest

Confectionary groundnut production is limited by soil acidity in southern Nigeria. This study attempted an improvement of soil quality by limiting pH adjustment to tolerable levels. The influence of lime rates and plant spacing on the yield indicators of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Calabar, South Eastern Nigeria was evaluated to portend the best suitable rates for groundnut production. A 4 × 3 factorial in randomized complete block design, 4 lime rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 t/ha), 3 planting distances (30 × 30, 30 × 50, and 25 × 50 cm) with three replications were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Fisher’s least significant difference at 5% probability level. Plant spacing and lime application significantly increased growth as well as yield contributing factors of groundnut. The highest percentage of seedling emergence (95.22) and tallest plants were observed with a lime rate of 1.5 t/hailed at 30 × 30 and 25 × 50 cm were statistically similar (p > 0.05) but greater (p < 0.05) than yield from 30 × 5 cm spaced groundnut. Lime applied at 0.5 to 1.5 t/ha had a statistically similar yield, higher than control. The results recommend that liming at the rate of 1.0 t/ha is beneficial for groundnut cultivation in Calabar.

Effects of Weed Management on Soil Microbiological Properties in Groundnut Production

Effects of Weed Management on Soil Microbiological Properties in Groundnut Production

An economic analysis of production of groundnut in Haryana

An economic analysis of production of groundnut in Haryana

Optimizing groundnut production through diclosulam-based weed management and their residual influence on the wheat crop

Optimizing groundnut production through diclosulam-based weed management and their residual influence on the wheat crop

Improving Groundnut Productivity in Coastal Soils with Different Textures Through Application of Nanophosphorus and Microbial Inoculants

Improving Groundnut Productivity in Coastal Soils with Different Textures Through Application of Nanophosphorus and Microbial Inoculants

Pre-scaling up of Groundnut (Arachishypogaea L) Technology in mid and lowlands of West Guji Zone, Southern Oromia, Ethiopia

Though groundnut is largely produced in the mid and low lands of West Guji Zone, its productivity was below expectation due to biotic and abiotic factors, lack of improved varieties and appropriate production and post-harvest practices, and diseases. Therefore, this study was designed to solve three objectives: (1) to improve the productivity of groundnut technology (2) to improve farmers’ knowledge of application of the improved groundnut technology (3) to develop local capacity for further promotion of groundnut technology. Abaya district was selected purposively with two kebeles based on the potentiality of groundnut production. Two farmers’ research groups consisting of 10 members were established. Among the members, a total of 8 trial farmers were used whereby a land size of 0.25ha was used for each. Based on recommendation, a seed rate of 90kg/ha Tole-1 was used with a fertilizer rate of 100kg NPS/ha for the selected trial field. Both priāmary and secondary data were used where quantitative and qualitative data were generated. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics and narration. The result showed that the pooled mean yields of Tole -1 technology was 26.92qt/ha where the yield across the production years was significant (p<0.05). It was concluded that the productivity of improved groundnut could be enhanced through capacity building, access to farm inputs, and linkage formation. Therefore, Tole-1 groundnut variety was recommended for further promotion in Abaya district and similar agro-ecology until alternative variety released.

Study on Varietal Replacement Rate of Groundnut in Saurashtra Region of India

The study conducted during 2024 investigated the dynamics of Variety Replacement Rate (VRR) in groundnut cultivation in Gujarat, India, which contributes significantly to the country’s oilseed production. The study encompasses 180 farmers from three districts in the Saurashtra region, where 40.5 per cent of the nation’s groundnut production originates. The study analyzed the extent of the VRR which states that around 41.11 per cent of the respondents had replaced variety every 3-5 years followed by 30 per cent had no replacement from 5 years and the remaining 28.89 per cent of the respondents had replaced variety for every 2 years. The extent of VRR is influenced by gender, livestock possession, access to credit, occupation, risk orientation, innovativeness, and extension contact. Concerning the perception of farmers towards varietal replacement rate (VRR), 45 per cent of respondents exhibited a neutral perception, followed by 27.78 per cent having a favorable and 27.22 per cent having an unfavorable level of perception towards the varietal replacement rate, emphasizing the need for interventions. Occupation, innovativeness, training received, and awareness significantly influence VRR perception. There is a positive and highly significant relationship between perception towards VRR and the extent of VRR at a 1% significance level with a chi-square value of 22.32.

Farmers’ perception of groundnut production technology

Farmers’ perception of groundnut production technology

Effectiveness of Improving Groundnut Productivity Using PGPR and Foliar Spraying with Some Micronutrients

Effectiveness of Improving Groundnut Productivity Using PGPR and Foliar Spraying with Some Micronutrients

Identification of Donors for Fresh Seed Dormancy and Marker Validation in a Diverse Groundnut Mini-Core Collection

Domestication and extensive selection in the development of modern, high-yielding commercial groundnut cultivars have resulted in the selection of an undesirable trait known as in situ germination, which is also referred to as the pre-harvest sprouting of seeds. This is particularly prevalent in regions where humid weather coincides with the harvest season. Delayed harvesting and pre-sprouting can cause production losses and increase the chances of aflatoxin contamination, thereby impeding the quality and kernel yield. Breeding early maturing groundnut cultivars with 2–3 weeks of fresh seed dormancy, particularly in Spanish-type cultivars, enhances the sustainability of agriculture. In this context, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of a groundnut mini-core collection, a major resource for genetic diversity, for fresh seed dormancy using an in vitro germination assay for two seasons, viz., rainy 2022 and post-rainy 2022–2023 at ICRISAT (Hyderabad). To enhance the effectiveness and accuracy of traditional breeding methods via the use of markers for marker-assisted selection, we performed molecular screening of the mini-core accessions using two allele-specific markers. The GMFSD1 marker was successfully validated by effectively differentiating dormant and non-dormant genotypes. By employing phenotypic and marker data, we identified a set of accessions, viz., ICG 5827 (Virginia Runner), ICG 11457 (Virginia Runner), ICG 7000 (Virginia Bunch), and ICG 11322 (Virginia Bunch) of sub spp. hypogaea var. hypogaea and ICG 9809 (Spanish Bunch) of sub spp. fastigiata var. vulgaris that exhibited a fresh seed dormancy period ranging from 2 to 3 weeks. These identified accessions hold potential as donors in breeding programs that are designed to address the groundnut production needs in various cropping systems across different countries. The validated marker, particularly GMFSD1, demonstrated considerable potential for facilitating faster breeding of groundnut cultivars with the desired dormancy using marker-assisted selection. This research provides a foundation to expediting groundnut breeding programs and offers opportunities to mitigate pre-harvest sprouting, ultimately improving seed quality and productivity in groundnut-producing regions.

Effects of Weed Management on Soil Microbiological Properties in Groundnut Production

To quantify the efficacy of effective weed control methods and spacing of groundnut on soil microbiological properties, a field experiment was conducted between 2009 and 2010 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, a sub-humid region of southwestern Nigeria. Treatments were five levels of weed control (codal gold 1.6 kg a.i/ha, codal gold 1.6 kg a.i/ha + hoe weeding, codal gold 2.4 kg a.i/ha, hoe weeding and a control (weedy check); two levels of spacing (15 cm and 25 cm) and eight levels of weeding intervals on soil microbial biomass, nodulation, the biomass of root and shoot as well as yield of groundnut in a split-plot design fitted into a randomized complete block design. The results indicated that both levels of spacing have no significant effect on the soil microbiological parameters, groundnut biomass production, nodulation and yield. So, the levels of weed control have no significant effect on groundnut biomass production and nodulation but showed a significant effect on microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), total fungal count, pod count and pod weight of groundnut with plots kept weedy throughout the experiment at 25 cm intra row spacing having 34 % MBC more than plots kept weed free throughout the experiment at the same spacing.

EVALUATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS AND LEAVES SPOT DISEASES RESISTANCE OF NEW GROUNDNUT (ARACHIS HYPOGEA L.) VARIETIES IN BURKINA FASO

Groundnut is one of the most widely grown oilseeds in Burkina Faso. It plays an important role both in population feeding and in the rural economy. However, its production faces a number of constraints that impact on performance of varieties developed. Among these constraints, leaf spot diseases such as early and late leaves spot diseases and rosette disease are the main diseases affecting groundnut production.This study was undertaken with the aim of providing farmers with agronomically efficient groundnut varieties resistant to the main diseases through the evaluation of new groundnut varieties. The plant material consisted of 11 new groundnut varieties and 02 control varieties. The experiment was carried out using a Fisher block design with 03 replications. Data collected concerned the severity of early and late leaves spot and rosette diseases as well as agro-morphological parameters. Variety ICGV176351 and the resistant control NAMA were resistant to early leaf spot disease with scores of 2 and 3 respectively. The control TS32-1 was more susceptible to late leaf spot disease with a severity rating of 6.33, while the control variety NAMA and the new variety ICGV176351 were resistant with severity ratings of 3. Variety ICGV176358 performed better with a pod yield of 1542.77 kg/ha and a haulm yield of 1678.33 kg/ha. On the basis of the ascending hierarchical classification, varieties in group 1 composed of ICGV176350, ICGV176352, ICGV176353 and ICGV176358, were the best with good agronomic performance and good resistance to leaves spot diseases. The varieties tested in this study can be disseminated to increase groundnut production in Burkina Faso.

Growth Performance of Groundnut in India-An Instability and Decomposition Analysis

Measuring the trends of growth and variability in agricultural production is important to understand how outputs change over time. The present study analyzed the growth and instability index of groundnuts. The study depends on secondary data, which was collected from the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare [1] for the period 1950-2022. The entire study period is divided into three sub-periods: 1950-51 to 1969-1970, 1971-1972 to 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 to 2021-2022. The compound annual growth rate, instability Index and decomposition analysis were used for the analysis. The compound annual growth rates for production, area, and yield are -0.14 percent, 1.05 percent, and 1.2 percent, respectively, groundnut production and yield are increasing and the area in India has changed throughout time. The decomposition of groundnut production in area, yield, and interaction effect showed that the yield effect was responsible for increasing the production of groundnut in India followed by the interaction effect and area effect. The results revealed that the level of instability was high in yield while it was lowest in area. The findings showed that the annual growth rate of productivity of groundnuts also shows an increasing trend during the recent period due to the availability of high-yielding cultivars and the deployment of innovative cultivation technologies. From the result, it is concluded that including the non-traditional areas increases the area under cultivation to sustain and improve groundnut production.