Groundnut Cake Meal Research Articles

NUTRITIONAL POTENTIAL OF KENAF GRAIN-LEAF MIXTURES MEAL AS REPLACEMENT FOR GROUNDNUT CAKE MEAL IN THE DIET OF WEANED RABBITS

Groundnut cake meal is a good source of plant protein but it is expensive hence there is need to look for other alternative source of protein which is less expensive in order to reduce feed cost which is the most limiting factor in livestock production. This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding rabbits with the mixture of kenaf leaf and grain meal (KGLM) as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction of the diet on performance characteristics, and cost benefits of weaned rabbits. A total of thirty six weaned rabbits of mean weight 566.452.65g were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments replicated three times and each replicate contained ten rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain KGLM at 0% (KGLM1) Control, 50% (KGLM2), 75% (KGLM3) and 100% (KGLM4) as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction in the diet of weaned rabbit. The mean weight gain of rabbits fed diet containing 0% and 50% KGLM was not significantly influenced by the diet. The highest cost/weight gain was recorded in the diet that contained zero% KGLM while the lowest cost/weight gain was reported in KGLM4

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WEANED RABBITS FED VARYING LEVELS OF KENAF GRAIN-LEAF MIXTURES MEAL

The study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding weaned rabbit with kenaf grain-leaf mixtures meal as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction of the diet on dressing percentage, organ weights and meat quality. A total of thirty six weaned rabbits of mean weight 566.45+2.65g were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments replicated three times and each replicate contained three rabbit per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain KGLM at 0% (KGLM 1) Control, 50% (KGLM 2), 75% (KGLM 3) and 100% (KGLM 4) as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction in the diet of weaned rabbit. Data were collected on dressing percent, organs weight, chemical composition of the meat etc. The results shows that no significant difference was observed in dressing percentage of rabbits fed the control diet and 50% KGLM (P>0.05). The dietary treatments had no significant effect on kidney, lung and heart weight (P>0.05). The colour, taste, flavour, texture and general acceptability of the meat were relatively the same in all the treatments (P>0.05)

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND ORGANOLEPTICS PROPERTIES OF SNAIL FED SESAME (Sesamum indicum) SEED MEAL

This study was conducted to determine the effect of feeding snail with sesame seed meal as replacement for groundnut cake meal fraction of the diet on physico-chemical and organoleptic properties. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) snails of mean weight 175±2.7g were randomly allotted into four dietary treatments replicated three times and each replicate contained ten snails per replicate in a completely randomized design. Four diets were formulated to contain SSM at 0% (SSM, )Control, 50% (SSM22), 75% (SSM) and 100% (SSM) as replacement for soybean meal fraction in the diet of growing snails. The diets were formulated to contain about 24% crude protein and energy of 2400 kcal/kgME. Carcass analysis was carried out at the end of the feeding trial. There was no significant difference(P>0.05) in the crude protein (CP) of the meat in all the treatment. The result of the organoleptic properties of the meat shows that the taste, colour, flavor and texture of the meat were not influenced by (P>0.05) the varying inclusion of SSM in the diet across the treatments as generally accepted by the panelists and significant differences were not observed in all the treatments (P>0.05). The results revealed that sesame seed meal could be used to replace groundnut cake meal partially orwholly in the diet of snail.

RESPONSE OF WEANED PIGS TO DIFFERENT DIETARY PROTEIN SOURCES AND DIET TYPES

Pig is one of the most consumed meat across the globe. However, its production is limited by high cost of feed ingredients. Hence, the search for alternative cheap feed ingredients without any loss to animal’s performance is on the increase. The influence of different protein sources and feed types (wet or dry) was investigated on the growth performance, haematology and serum biochemistry of weaned pigs. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were higher for soybean and full-fat soya-based diets. Feed and water intake were not significantly different amongst treatments. Nature of feed did not influence weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio. Groundnut cake meal may compare with soybean meal in pig’s diet, but it may have to be supplemented with lysine, methionine or fish meal.
 

Carcass yield and haemato-biochemical indices of broiler chickens as affected by dietary replacement of yellow maize with gayamba pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) variety

The consumer price for poultry products in Nigeria and the expansion of the commercial poultry industry are negatively affected by the utilization of competitive and costly ingredients in making poultry diets. Consequently, the identification and utilization of locally available alternatives would greatly reduce cost of poultry production and products. In this regard, a study was undertaken to examine the effects of replacement of yellow maize (YM) with gayamba pearl millet variety as dietary energy source on carcass yield and blood parameters of broiler chickens. Three hundred (300) Ross 308 broiler chicks weighing 167.94 – 173.07g were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments of 75 birds each. Each treatment was replicated thrice with 25 birds in a completely randomized design. The experimental diets contained 0, 33.33, 66.67 and 100% gayamba millet as replacement for YM designated as diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Full-fat soya bean and groundnut cake meal were the main vegetable protein sources used in the diets. Feed and water were provided ad libitum and the experiment lasted for 49 days. Results for carcass yield indicated a significant (P<0.05) influence of diet on live weight (1828.33 – 2316.66 g), plucked weight (1622.83 – 2132.83 g), eviscerated weight (1429.50 – 1883.47 g) and carcass weight (1277.66 – 1680.33 g) in favour of diet 3. However, dressing percentage (69.00 – 72.50%) did not differ among treatments. In the same way, most of the relative weights of organs were also not significantly affected by diet. Except for the packed cell volume (29.81 – 35.04%), none of the haematological parameters showed significant difference among the treatments. Similarly, most of the serum biochemical indices apart from total proteins, albumin and globulin, did not differ significantly among treatments. It was therefore concluded that gayamba pearl millet can completely replace yellow maize in broiler chickens' diets with no adverse effect on carcass yield and blood constituents.

Nutritional Evaluation of Defatted Groundnut Cake meal with Amino acid as Protein Supplement in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Juveniles Diet

Nutritional Evaluation of Defatted Groundnut Cake meal with Amino acid as Protein Supplement in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) Juveniles Diet

Haematological Traits and Serum Chemistry of Broiler Chicken Fed Bread Waste Based Diets

This study was carried out to determine the effects of partial replacement of maize with 50% bread waste meal (BWM) on the haematological traits and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens. One hundred and twenty days old Anak 2000 broiler chicks were used in an eight week feeding trial; thirty (30) chicks were selected per treatment group and each group was allocated to four treatment diets (1, 2, 3 and 4) with three replicates per treatment in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Diet 1, the control diet contain maize and soya bean meal (SBM) as basal diet; while 50% of maize in diet 1 was replaced with BWM in diets 2, 3 and 4 using SBM, groundnut cake meal (GNC), and 50% SBM + 50% GNC respectively as a protein source. The results showed that the haematological traits were significantly (P<0.05) influenced by the test diets, though the values obtained are within the normal range for broiler chickens. Packed cell volume (PCV) ranged from 39.60% in Diet 1 to 35.10% in Diet 4; White blood cells (WBC) from 271.10 to 251.10 (x 103/ µl), red blood cells (RBC) from 31.60 to 26.30 (x106/ µl), haemoglobin (Hb) from 13.17 to11.30 (g/dl), mean corpuscular volume (MCV) from 125.50 to 129.60 (fl) mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) from 41.70 to 43.40 (þg) and MCHC from 33.60 to 32.80 (g/dl). The results of the serum biological indices showed that total protein and its fractions, and serum glucose were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the test, however these values are within the normal range for broiler chickens. From the above, therefore, it can be concluded that BWM at 50% inclusion can be included in the diets of broiler chickens as replacement for maize without any adverse effect on the blood profile of broiler chicken.

Effect of Replacement Levels of Soybean Meal with Local Groundnut Cake Meal on Carcass and Organ Characteristics in Broilers Diet

A 56-day experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of broiler birds on fed diets with different levels of local groundnut cake meal (LGNCM) compounded to replace soyabean mean (SBM) at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% designated T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 respectively. Carcass and organ characteristics were evaluated. One hundred and twenty day-old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatment diets with three replicates of eight birds each in a completely randomized design (CRD), where feed and water were provided adlibitum. The results showed that the diets had significant (P&lt;0.05) effect on most carcass and organ values while drunckstick, heart, lungs and abdominal weight values were not affected. The birds placed on 25% LGNCM based diets consistently had higher relative carcass and organ weights than those fed control diet. The study therefore showed that the use of LGNCM in broiler diet should be encouraged as it gave promising results in terms of carcass and organ indices.Keywords: Broilers, local groundnut cake, soybean, carcass and organ traits.

Effects of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves Meal Incorporation in Diets on Growth Performances, Carcass Characteristics and Economics Results of Growing Indigenous Senegal Chickens

The purpose of this study carried out from July to October 2010 was to assess the effects of Moringa oleifera leaves meal inclusion in diets on growth performances, carcass and organs characteristics and economics results of growing indigenous Senegal chickens. Ninety six (96) indigenous Senegal chicks of 5 weeks old were randomly allocated into four groups of 24 chicks each with similar body weight. Each group subdivided in two repetitions of 12 birds, corresponded to each of the four (4) dietary treatments MO0, MO8, MO16 and MO24 containing respectively 0, 8, 16 and 24% of Moringa leaves meal in substitution of groundnut cake meal. During the experiment (6-17th week old), zootechnical parameters of birds and economical data were recorded and analyzed per dietary treatment. At the end of the 12 weeks trial, the final Live Body Weights (LBW) were 721.60 g, 911.70 g, 812.85 g and 720.05 g/bird, the average daily weight gain (ADWG) were 6.49 g, 8.77 g, 7.61 g and 6.50 g/day, the Daily Feed Intake (DFI) of 39.10 g, 39.76 g, 36.28 g and 34.24 g/bird and the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of 7.58, 5.75, 6.11 et 7.24 respectively for birds fed MO0, MO8, MO16 and MO24 diets. The Moringa leaves meal inclusion in the diets up to 24% had not caused any adverse impact on LBW, ADWG, FCR, mortality, carcass and organs characteristics in birds compared to their controls. Except the significantly decrease of DFI obtained in birds of MO16 and MO24 treatments, significantly better growth performances, feed costs and economic margins were recorded in birds fed MO8 and MO16 diets. Thus these two dietary treatments were the only most economically profitable (respectively 357 and 206 FCFA/kg carcass of additional profit) compared to the control.

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing rabbits fed bacterial protein meal

In an 84 days feeding trial, the effect of feeding bacterial protein meal (BPM) either as a replacement for fish meal or for groundnut cake meal in growing rabbits was examined. A total of 20 growing rabbits having an initial body weight of 617.2 (standard error 25) g were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments. A control diet based mainly on agro-industrial by-product palm kernel meal was formulated to meet the nutrient requirement of growing rabbits. Other conventional protein and energy rich ingredients such as maize, groundnut cake (GNC) and fish meal (FM) were included as composite at levels up to 17% of the weight. Bacterial protein meal (Streptomyces sp., species not specified by the manufacturer) with a crude protein, fat and fibre content of 70, 6.5 and 4.1%, respectively was added to the control diet (diet I) either as a replacement for FM at 0, 20 and 40 g/kg in diets I, II and III or as a replacement for GNC at 34 and 68 g/kg in diets IV and V, respectively. Each diet was offered to four rabbits housed individually in raised metal hutches with wire screen floors with each hutch representing an experimental unit. The rabbits were individually weighed on a weekly basis until the end of the experiment. Water and feed were supplied ad libitum and daily voluntary feed intake was monitored. Growing rabbits responded non-significantly (p> 0.05) in feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion to BPM as a replacement for either FM or GNC over the 84 days of experiment. Six rabbits (3 rabbits from each treatment) on diet I (zero inclusion of BPM) and diet V (highest level of BPM inclusion) were slaughtered at 12 weeksto determine carcass composition. The inclusion of BPM in diet V reduced the skin weight significantly (p

Digestibility and nitrogen retention of diets containing different levels of fibre in local (Mong Cai), F1 (Mong Cai × Yorkshire) and exotic (Landrace × Yorkshire) growing pigs in Vietnam

Total tract digestibility and nitrogen retention of three diets containing different levels of fibre [200, 260 and 320 g/kg neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in dry matter] were determined in three breeds of growing pig at an initial age of approximately 3.5 months. The breeds were local (Mong Cai, MC), F1 crossbred (MC x Yorkshire) and exotic (Landrace x Yorkshire, LY), allocated at random within breed (block) to double 3 x 3 Latin squares. The main fibrous ingredients of the experimental diets were rice bran, cassava residue meal and non-dehulled groundnut cake meal. Digestibility of organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), NDF, crude fibre, gross energy (GE) and ether extract (EE) decreased as the level of dietary NDF increased (p < 0.001). The r(2) values for the relationship between NDF level and digestibility of OM, CP, GE and EE were 83%, 83%, 80% and 82% respectively. On average, an increase in NDF content of 1% unit resulted in a decrease in OM, CP, GE and EE digestibility of 0.67%, 0.75%, 0.50% and 0.42% units respectively. Digestibility of energy and nutrients was the highest for MC and the lowest for LY (p < 0.01), with intermediate values for F1. There was a negative effect of NDF level on nitrogen (N) retained as a proportion of intake (p < 0.05). Nitrogen retention and utilization were significantly higher (p < 0.001) for LY than for MC and F1 pigs.

Performance characteristics of broiler chicks fed kidney bean as replacement for two conventional legumes

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of replacing soybean meal and groundnut cake meal with cooked and decorticated kidney bean seed meals on the performance characteristics of broilers. One hundred and eighty day old broiler chicks of Anak strain were raised on six experimental diets. The processed kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) meals were incorporated at the rate of 200g/kg of feed. The diets were formulated to be iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. Each diet was fed to a group of 30 birds for a period of 56 days. There were significant (P 0.05) differences in feed intake among the treatment groups. Apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre, ash and nitrogen free extract differed significantly (P < 0.05) among the treatments. Key words: Legumes; processing; anti-nutritional factors; performance Moor Journal of Agricultural Research Vol.4(2) 2003: 236-241

The effect of quality and quantity of carbohydrate and protein in the ration of the sheep on the digestibility of cellulose and other constituents of the ration, with a note on the effect of adding vitamins of the B-complex on the digestibility and retention of the nutrients of a hay ration

1. The effects of various starch and protein supplements on the digestibility of cellulose determined by the Norman-Jenkins technique and other constituents of the ration were studied in sheep.2. The addition of small amounts of maize or potato starch or flaked maize to a ration of about 1 lb. of poor hay was associated with a depression in the digestibility of (Norman-Jenkins) cellulose.3. When tested separately at varying levels, the addition of nearly pure maize protein, casein, white fishmeal, decorticated groundnut cake meal, urea or urea + DL-methionine, had no effect on the digestibility of cellulose, at any particular level of starch equivalent.4. The digestibility of nitrogenous nutrients was depressed by the addition of maize starch or flaked maize to the ration except when urea was the nitrogen supplement. The depression was even greater when potato starch was added to the ration instead of maize starch.5. The retention of nitrogen was not decreased by the addition of starch to the ration, although the digestibility of nitrogen-containing material was depressed. The retention was increased when starch was added to a ration containing casein.6. The retention of nitrogen was poor from rations containing urea and starch, but it was slightly improved by the supplementation with 1 g. DL-methionine per day.7. The addition of the various supplements had no marked effect on the digestibility of the dry matter or ‘other nutrients’ of the ration.8. It is suggested that the growth of the microorganisms digesting cellulose in the rumen is not dependent on the supplementary feed nitrogen when the substrate they are digesting contains a reasonable amount of nitrogen. This amount appears to be about 1%.9. The addition of vitamins of the B-complex to a daily ration of 1100 g. of hay did not affect the digestibility of the dry matter or nitrogencontaining substances or the retention of nitrogen by sheep.