Ground Pork Sausage Research Articles

Impacts of Vitis coignetiae Pulliat extract on the physicochemical properties in dry-fermented sausages during storage

The present study was designed to compare different extraction methods in meoru (Vitis coignetiae Pulliat). The effect of meoru extract on the quality characteristics of dry-fermented sausages was also evaluated. Ground pork sausages were assigned to different groups: control without meoru hot water extract, M1 (with 0.01% meoru hot water extract), and M2 (with 0.02% meoru hot water extract). Antioxidant yield, phenolic compound content, and antioxidant properties such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and ferric-reducing antioxidant power were highest in groups with the meoru hot water extract. Both groups with meoru extract had significantly lower pH and moisture content at all storage times compared with the control. The inclusion of 0.2% meoru in sausages resulted in similar meat color values compared with the control. The rate of lipid oxidation significantly decreased in the groups with meoru extract addition. When the amount of meoru extract was increased to 0.02%, lactic acid bacteria was significantly enhanced. Therefore, 0.02% meoru addition using the hot water extraction method showed effective antioxidant performance, increased lactic acid bacteria, and color consistency in dry-fermented sausages during cold storage.

Evaluating the Potential of Vegetable Powders as Nitrite Replacements in Cured Pork Sausages: Effects of Different Processing Methods to Produce Chinese Cabbage and Radish Powders.

This study investigated the potential of Chinese cabbage and radish powders as natural sources of nitrite in ground pork sausages. Four vegetable powders from Chinese cabbage and radish, depending on the processing method, were prepared for evaluation: filtered Chinese cabbage juice powder (FCJP), crushed Chinese cabbage powder (CCP), filtered radish juice powder (FRJP), and crushed radish powder (CRP). Both FCJP and FRJP from filtered juice of Chinese cabbages and radishes had higher total soluble solids and water soluble index compared to CCP and CRP from crushed Chinese cabbages and radishes. Additionally, FRJP and CRP showed a higher nitrate content than CCP and FCJP. The evaluation of vegetable powders against products containing sodium nitrite (control) or commercial vegetable powder in ground pork sausages showed that the use of FRJP and CRP resulted in similar levels of CIE a* compared to the control, whereas those cured with FCJP or CCP resulted in lower CIE a* values. However, regardless of the type and processing method of vegetables, all sausages treated with vegetable powders were similar in terms of cured pigment, total pigment, curing efficiency, and lipid oxidation compared with the control. Although lower hardness was observed in sausages treated with FRJP, no other treatments affected textural attributes. These results indicate that FRJP and CRP have great potential as natural curing agents for replacing nitrite in cured sausages. The use of powders obtained from filtered juices may provide extended utility as vegetable-based curing methods for other meat products.

80 Effectiveness of naturally sourced mixed tocopherols as an antioxidant when compared to Bha and Bht in fresh pork sausage

Abstract Fresh ground pork products are highly susceptible to deteriorative oxidation due to high fat content and increased surface area exposure of proteins. Recent trends and health concerns among consumers have sparked interest in finding alternatives for synthetic ingredients used for preservation of commercially manufactured processed meats. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of naturally sourced mixed tocopherols to a mixture of butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) on prevention of lipid oxidation and color stability in fresh pork sausage patties. Duplicate batches of pork Boston butt trim and pork back fat were mixed 5:1, respectively, coarse ground, and combined with pork sausage seasoning. Pork mixture was then fine ground and 3175.5 g portions were assigned to one of three treatments: no antioxidants (CON), 0.01% of BHA and 0.01% BHT mixture (SYN), or 0.03% Decanox MTS30P (MTS). Patties (56.7 g) were hand pressed, placed on Styrofoam trays (S4), polyvinyl chloride film overwrapped and positioned in a retail display case. Patties (n = 45) were evaluated for instrumental color (L*, a*, and b*) and display discoloration (1 = very bright, to 8 = tan to brown) in 12-hr intervals for 252 hr. Fifteen patties from each treatment were collected for thiobarbituric acid reactive substance analysis. No differences between treatments (P > 0.05) were found for display discoloration or instrumental color. SYN patties had significantly lower malondialdehyde values (P = 0.047) than both CON and MTS patties at 252 hr. In conclusion, mixed tocopherols were not as effective as synthetic antioxidants in slowing lipid oxidation. However, it can be noted that mixed tocopherols can replace synthetic antioxidants in ground pork sausage and have the same effect on color stability.

Determining the Optimal Level of Natural Calcium Powders and Whey Protein Concentrate Blends as Phosphate Replacers in Cooked Ground Pork Products.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the addition levels of a phosphate replacer blend in ground pork sausages. The phosphate replacer consisted of 0.2% oyster shell calcium powder, 0.3% egg shell calcium powder, and 0.25% whey protein concentrate. Depending on the presence or absence of synthetic phosphate and the addition level of phosphate replacer, the following products were processed: control (+) (0.3% phosphate), control (–) (non-phosphate), 20AL (20% replacer), 40AL (40% replacer), 60AL (60% replacer), 80AL (80% replacer), and 100AL (100% replacer). The pH values of pork sausages increased (p<0.05) with increasing addition level of the phosphate replacer. When more than 40% of the phosphate replacer was added to pork samples (40AL, 60AL, 80AL, and 100AL), cooking loss was significantly reduced compared to both the control (+) and control (–). However, no significant differences were observed in the moisture content and CIE L* values between the controls and the treatments with a phosphate replacer. The control (+) and 100AL treatment had the highest (p<0.05) hardness, but the samples with the phosphate replacer were not significantly different in cohesiveness and springiness from the control (+). As addition level increased, the gumminess and chewiness of the products with the phosphate replacer increased, which were lower than those of the control (+). Therefore, more than 40% of a phosphate replacer may possibly substitute synthetic phosphate to improve product yields in ground pork sausages, although further studies may be needed for improving the textural properties of the final products.

SODIUM LACTATE AND SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE EFFECTS ON OXIDATIVE STABILITY AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF PRECOOKED REDUCED‐FAT PORK SAUSAGE WITH CARRAGEENAN

ABSTRACTOne 40%‐fat, three 10%‐fat, and three 17%‐fat ground pork sausage products were manufactured. Within each reduced‐fat level, these products contained 0.5% carrageenan, carrageenan and 3% sodium lactate (SL), and carrageenan, SL and 0.25% sodium tripolyphosphate (SP). Precooked patties packaged with oxygen‐permeable PVC film were stored at 4C and −20C for up to 6 days and 252 days, respectively. Vacuum‐packaged patties were stored up to 84 days and 252 days at the respective temperatures. All reduced‐fat products were harder, more dense, and less juicy than the 40%‐fat product. Total aerobic microbial plate counts determined on PVC‐packaged samples stored at 4C were similar among the 7 products. SL acted as a prooxidant as evaluated by 2‐thiobarbituric acid values. SP used with SL tended to overcome the prooxidive effect of SL but increased springiness, hardness, and fracturability sensory scores.