Grossman's Sealer Research Articles

Evaluation of ionic leakage of lateral condensation and McSpadden methods by autoradiography

<h2>Summary</h2> The objective of this study was to develop a reliable autoradiographic technique capable of quantitative determination of ion leakage in the root canal. The method was used to assay for the differences in leakage from root canals obturated with guttapercha with or without sealer. The specific techniques used were lateral condensation and the McSpadden method. The McSpadden method without sealer leaked 1.86 times the value observed for the same technique with sealer. The lateral condensation technique with sealer gave a leakage value of 1.14. Lateral condensation alone leaked 2.43 times the observed leakage value of McSpadden techniques with sealer. Grossman sealer lowered ionic leakage by approximately 50% in each case.

Apical seals obtained with laterally condensed, chloroform-softened gutta-percha and laterally condensed gutta-percha and Grossman's sealer

The seal obtained with laterally condensed gutta-percha softened with chloroform was compared to that obtained with laterally condensed gutta-percha with Grossman's sealer and no solvent softening. The results showed a pattern of greater periapical leakage in root canals obturated with gutta-percha softened in chloroform (P < .001) than in those obturated with gutta-percha and Grossman's sealer. The seal obtained with laterally condensed gutta-percha softened with chloroform was compared to that obtained with laterally condensed gutta-percha with Grossman's sealer and no solvent softening. The results showed a pattern of greater periapical leakage in root canals obturated with gutta-percha softened in chloroform (P < .001) than in those obturated with gutta-percha and Grossman's sealer.

The effects of overfilled polyethylene tube intraosseous implants in rats

Polyethylene tubes obturated flush at one end overfilled 2 mm. at the opposite end with unset Grossman's cement and gutta-percha were implanted in rat tibias. Microscopic evaluation of the specimens revealed that (1) the gutta-percha, Grossman's sealer, and polyethylene tubing are well tolerated by rat intraosseous tissue and (2) a canal overextended 2 mm. beyond the apex with Grossman's cement and gutta-percha produces an early mild to moderate inflammatory response which resolves by the end of 30 day's. The overfillings did not significantly compromise the healing of rat intraosseous tissue.

Verification of the consistency, setting time, and dimensional changes of root canal filling materials

The authors studied the consistency, setting time, and dimensional changes of five products used for filling root canals: Fillcanal (new Grossman sealer), Endomethazone, Trincanal (pulp canal sealer), Alpha Canal, and zinc oxide-eugenol. The consistency test was adapted from No. 8 of the Brazilian Group of Specifications for Dental Materials. The setting time was verified by the use of the penetrometer (needle) and its use adapted from the recommendations of the same specification. The dimensional alterations were observed with a Leitz Wetzlar measuring microscope, the specimen having been measured upon a surface of mercury. The authors concluded that the ideal clinical consistency is obtained when the mixture can be picked up and held with the spatula upside down without dropping off for 10 seconds, or when its fluidity permits adherence between the spatula and the glass slab up to a height of 2 cm. The setting time and dimensional changes are directly related to the proportion of powder to liquid, with the ideal clinical consistency giving the best results.

Preliminary scanning electron microscopic study of the chlororosin lateral condensation technique

The root canals of 26 single-rooted teeth were mechanically instrumented by the serialization method and were laterally condensed with guttapercha and Grossman's sealer, gutta-percha and chlororosin, or gutta-percha with Grossman's sealer and chlororosin. The teeth were prepared for the scanning electron microscope, and photomicrographs were taken of the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of the root canal system. All three filling techniques were effective in sealing the interface at different points, yet total contact throughout the canal was not attained. Chlororosin showed an adhesive characteristic, producing a homogeneous and closely adapted filling. Grossman's sealer showed a void-filling capability but did not produce a homogeneous or closely adapted gutta-percha filling.

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of root canal sealing agents on tissue culture cells in vitro: Grossman's sealer, N2 (permanent), Rickert's sealer, and Cavit

An in vitro study with radioactively labeled tissue culture cells was conducted over a seven-month period on Grossman's sealer, N2 (permanent), Rickert's sealer, and Cavit to determine the lasting and relative tissue toxicity of these materials. In thisstudy it was observed that all the materials studied possess lasting tissue toxicity. When relative toxicity is considered, Grossman'sis the most toxic, followed by N2, Rickert's, and Cavit. Both Grossman's and N2 should be considered highly toxic; Rickert's displays moderate toxicity. Cavit should be considered mild to moderate in toxicity. The use of radioactive-labeled tissue cells as a method of testing root canal filling materials is a rapid, highly sensitive method that allows adequate cell-material contact and permits objective quantitation of cell damage with accuracy.

An assessment of root canal-sealing cements

A comparative assessment of ten root-canal sealers has been made. Their qualities of sealing, tissue irritation, strength, and setting properties were investigated. 1. 1. The setting times of the cements were determined. Zinc phosphate cement, zinc oxide and eugenol (quick-set) cement, zinc oxide and eugenol (fortified) cement, and Tubliseal all set too quickly to permit final adjustments to a root-filling point. All materials except zinc phosphate cement set faster when contaminated with moisture. 2. 2. The seal was investigated by a dye-penetration method, and the following materials were found to be satisfactory: zinc oxide and eugenol cement, zinc oxide and eugenol (quick-set) cement, zinc oxide and eugenol (fortified) cement, Grossman's (new) sealer, Rickert's root-canal sealer, Diaket, Tubliseal, and AH-26. 3. 3. The retentive strength of the root-sealer cements was assessed. Although zinc phosphate was the strongest cement tested, its strength declined with time. This also happened with zinc oxide and eugenol (fortified) cement, Diaket, and AH-26. Of those that maintained their strength, zinc oxide and eugenol cement was the best. 4. 4. The tissue reactions were tested by inserting implants in rat muscle. All materials were irritating, to some extent, but only zinc phosphate cement and Bioxol produced severe reactions. 5. 5. All zinc oxide and eugenol cements and the epoxy resin, AH-26, are suitable root-canal sealers. In fact, zinc oxide and eugenol cement in the unmodified form is a very satisfactory root-canal cement.

A comparative study of three root canal sealing agents

Three available root canal sealers were investigated and compared for tissue tolerance, antimicrobial activity, tensile strength, permeability, and clinical use. The Kerr sealer, the new Grossman sealer, and Diaket were tolerated equally well by the soft tissues of the rabbit. All three compounds possessed antimicrobial activity against the ten micro-organisms studied. The new Grossman sealer and Diaket were somewhat more active in this respect than the Kerr sealer. The Diaket was superior to the other sealers for its tensile strength and resistance to permeability. The Kerr sealer has stood the test of time, as far as clinical use is concerned. The other two compounds are equally well accepted by the human periapical tissues, however, and have other more desirable properties.