Grodno Region Research Articles

MEDICAL-SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF HEALTH AND QUALITY OF LIFE OF PERSONS AGE 60+ RESIDING IN THE GRODNO REGION

Aim: to analyze indicators of self-assessment of quality of life, satisfaction with health, their relationship with socio-demographic factors and objective indicators of public health, among people aged 60+ living in the Grodno region. Materials and methods: data from official demographic and health statistics, a representative database of 1270 people aged 60+ of the Grodno region of the Republic of Belarus by gender, residence, age (WHOQOL-BREF tools) were analyzed. Nonparametric statistics methods were used. Results: The Grodno region demonstrates life expectancy at birth values ​​close to the republican average. The minimum values ​​in all regions are detected among men living in the village. In the structure of causes of death rate, diseases of the cardiovascular system lead by far. When self-assessing the quality of life, the options “good” or “neither bad nor good” predominate; satisfaction with the state of health is option “3” of the five-point scale. Men compared to women, rural residents compared to urban residents, unmarried compared to married people rate the quality of life lower. The hypothesis about the positive impact on the quality of life of the respondent having children is confirmed; the hypothesis about the influence of the old-age pension is not confirmed. Health satisfaction reveals resistance to socio-demographic factors. A positive medium-strength correlation is revealed between health satisfaction and self-assessment of quality of life in all socio-demographic groups. With increasing age, there is a decrease in self-esteem of quality of life, and an even more pronounced decrease in satisfaction with health. Conclusion: men aged 60+ living in rural areas are at risk of low self-assessments of quality of life, in connection with low life expectancy; at the same time, health satisfaction does not reveal gender differences.

РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПОЛИМОРФНЫХ ВАРИАНТОВ ГЕНОВ ТРАНСФОРМИРУЮЩЕГО ФАКТОРА РОСТА Β1, Α1 ЦЕПИ КОЛЛАГЕНА IV ТИПА И ЭНДОТЕЛИНА-1 У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С АРТЕРИАЛЬНОЙ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЕЙ

Background. Аn important role in the development and progression of arterial hypertension (AH) is played by the influence of polymorphic variants of genes. The polymorphisms C(-509)T, T869C and G915C of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) gene, A110186299G and C110196387T of the collagen type IV α1 chain (COL4A1) gene, G5665T of the endothelin-1 (EDN1) gene can contribute to the remodeling of the arterial wall. Objective: To assess the distribution of the polymorphic variants C(-509)T, T869C and G915C of the TGFB1 gene, A110186299G and C110196387T of the COL4A1 gene, G5665T of the EDN1 gene in male patients of 30-49 years old with hypertension living in the Grodno region. Material and methods: The study included 204 men (65 healthy individuals and 139 patients with grade 1 and 2 hypertension). Survey data (general clinical examinations, genotyping by polymerase chain reaction) were analyzed using the STATISTICA 10.0 program. Results. In patients with AH and in healthy men the frequency of occurrence of the T allele of the G5665T polymorphism was 16.8% and 13.9% (р=0.45), that of the T allele of the C(-509)T polymorphism – 34.2% and 36.9% (р=0.66) respectively. The frequency of the T allele of the T869C polymorphism was 41.4% and 40.8% (p=0.99), and that of the C allele of the G915C polymorphism – 7.9% and 6.9% (р=0.84) correspondingly. The frequency of the A allele of the polymorphism A110186299G comprised 35.6% and 37.7% (р=0.74), that of the T allele of the polymorphism C110196387T – 46.4% and 43.8% (р=0.63) respectively. Conclusions. The frequency of occurrence of genotypes and alleles of the studied polymorphisms is comparable among male patients with grade 1-2 AH and practically healthy individuals.

МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТРЕНДЫ ДИНАМИКИ АЛЛЕРГИЧЕСКОГО РИНИТА И АТОПИЧЕСКОГО ДЕРМАТИТА У ДЕТЕЙ

Background. Allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are common allergic diseases in children. Analysis of the incidence and trends of allergic diseases development is necessary for successful solving the problem of morbidity, helping the child population at the regional level, disease forecasting and control. Purpose of the study. To study the long-term dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of the general and primary incidence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region. Material and methods. Retrospective analysis of indicators of general and primary incidence of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region was performed. The study periods were 1999-2023 years (children aged 0-14 years old) and 2008-2023 years (children aged 15-17 years old). Results. The average long-term age-standardized overall morbidity rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged 0-14 years old was 266.89 (95% CI: 238.33-295.47), the primary morbidity rate was 67.67 (95% CI: 57.36-77.9) per 100,000 children of the corresponding age. The average long-term overall incidence rate of allergic rhinitis in children aged 15-17 years (2008-2023) was 791.97 (95% CI: 680.79-903.14), the primary incidence rate was 113.73 (95% CI: 92.84- 134.61) per 100,000 children of the same age. The average long-term age-standardized rate of overall incidence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 0-14 years old was 872.89 (95% CI: 825.27-919.782) per 100,000 children of the corresponding age, the primary incidence rate was 459.1 (95% CI: 399. 96-518.24) per 100,000 children of the same age. The average long-term overall incidence rate of atopic dermatitis in children aged 15-17 years was 415.68 (95% CI: 377.63-453.73), the primary incidence rate was 143.88 (95% CI: 120.53-167.23) per 100,000 child population of the corresponding age. The long-term epidemic dynamics of allergic rhinitis was characterized by a moderately pronounced tendency towards an increase in the overall incidence rate among children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +2.4%) and 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +3.62 %) as well as stabilization of the primary morbidity rate in children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -0.67%) and 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +0.72%). The long-term epidemic dynamics of atopic dermatitis was characterized by a moderately pronounced tendency towards a decrease in the overall morbidity rate for children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -1.57%) and an increase in the morbidity rate for children of 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = +2.1%). There also was a pronounced downward trend in the primary morbidity rate of children aged 0-14 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -5.42%) and children aged 15-17 years old (average growth (decrease) rate = -5.89%). The cartograms of the territorial distribution of incidence rates of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in the child population of the Grodno region in the periods 1999-2023 (0-14 years old) and 2008-2023 (15-17 years old) are presented. Conclusions. The reasons for the established patterns of changes in the incidence of allergic diseases in children of different age groups, as well as those living in different territories, are most likely due to the influence of environmental and socio-economic factors. The presented cartograms make it possible to visualize the incidence rates of allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in individual territorial and administrative regions of the region.

Innovative Processes in the Sanatorium and Resort Sector of the Republic of Belarus

INTRODUCTION. The introduction of innovative processes in sanatorium-resort activities helps to approach the individual treatment of a citizen’s disease or preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of the population in a sanatorium-resort area, simplify the functioning of health resorts and their provision of high-quality services for sanatorium treatment and rehabilitation. AIM. To determine the level of public awareness about sanatorium-resort organizations in the Republic of Belarus and to propose an algorithm for introducing innovative processes into their activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The survey method was used in the study. The research tool was a questionnaire. The representativeness of the sample was ensured by calculating the required number of respondents, taking into account the population of the regions of the Republic of Belarus (923 people) account the power of the study at the level (1 – β) = 80 %. A mobile application has been developed in the Visual Studio Code environment to improve the activities and optimize organizational processes in the health resort in order to raise public awareness, based on a study conducted in the health resorts of the republic to assess the quality of services provided for sanatorium treatment and wellness. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. To identify the factors influencing the choice of a health resort by the population, cluster analysis, showed the closest correlation between the factors “doctors’ recommendations” and “medical services” influencing the choice of a health resort. The distribution of health resort awareness assessment in the regional context varied from 10.5 % (Grodno region) to 17.7 % (Minsk). The following are proposed: a system for informing the population and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population in treatment and rehabilitation, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities. A selective assessment of the quality of spa treatment and wellness services in health resorts was carried out. A mobile application has been developed. CONCLUSION. The level of awareness of the population of the Republic of Belarus about the activities of sanatorium-resort organizations was assessed using a survey method — regional differences were identified. A model of the public information system and an algorithm for meeting the needs of the population and health improvement, the participation of information in sanatorium and resort activities are presented. A mobile application has been developed for sanatorium-resort organizations.

Политика государственной поддержки и роль добровольчества в жизненных планах российских и белорусских студентов

The article reveals the role of volunteering in shaping the life plans of students in Russia and Belarus. Modern youth policy is aimed at actively and massively involving youth in various volunteer projects. Young people often get their first volunteer experience while studying at a university and it is important to understand how volunteering is included in the life plans of the most active youth groups – students. The authors analyze the results of a sociological survey of thirdyear university students in the Sverdlovsk region (Russia) and the Grodno region (Belarus) conducted in 2024 (N=3000, the sample is quoted by gender and educational profile of respondents). The life plans of Russian and Belarusian youth are studied, the characteristics and motivation of their volunteer activity are revealed. It is proved that Russian students prefer medium-term planning and practically do not use long-term prospects in their life strategies, while Belarusian youth are characterized by short-term planning mainly for the next year. The results of the study prove that the experience of students' volunteer activities has a direct impact on the horizon of their life planning.

Distribution of striped cancer <i>Faxonius limosus</i> in water bodies of Belarus

Faxonius limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) was first discovered in the rivers of Belarus in 1997. The striped crayfish spread along rivers originated in Poland. Currently, F. limosus is found in the Neman River and in all tributaries of the first and second orders within the borders of the Grodno region and the rivers of the Western Bug basin of the Brest region of Belarus. The striped crayfish colonizing new places moved upstream of the rivers: the maximum speed of spread was 20 km/year, and the average speed was 7–8 km/year. Males of older age groups appear first in new habitats. As a result of human activity, the migration of striped crayfish from the Neman basin to the Dnieper basin has been noted.

БРОНХИАЛЬНАЯ АСТМА У ДЕТЕЙ ГРОДНЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ. РАСПРОСТРАНЕННОСЬ, ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ, МНОГОЛЕТНИЕ ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ТРЕНДЫ ДИНАМИКИ

Background. Bronchial asthma is the most widespread chronic nonspecific lung disease in children. Monitoring the prevalence of asthma is an important part of a set of measures aimed at preventing and effectively treating the disease. Purpose of the study. To study the long-term dynamics of the main epidemiological indicators of the overall and primary incidence of asthma in the child population of the Grodno region. Material and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of the indicators of the overall and primary incidence of bronchial asthma in children of the Grodno region. The study period was 1999-2023 years for children aged 0-14 years and 2008-2023 years for children of 15-17 years old. Results. The long-term average standardized indicator of the overall incidence of bronchial asthma in children aged 0-14 years (1999-2023) was 597.13 (95% CI: 562.88-631.37), that of primary incidence – 79.94 (95% CI: 67.52-92.37) per 100,000 children of the corresponding age. The long-term average incidence of bronchial asthma in children aged 15-17 years (2008-2023) was 1157.69 (95% CI: 1070.69-1244.71), that of primary incidence – 44.29 (95% CI: 33.52-55.05) per 100,000 children of this age. In the age group of 0-14 years, the overall incidence of bronchial asthma was dominated by children aged 10-14 years, the primary incidence – by children of 5-9 years old. The long-term epidemic dynamics were characterized by a moderately pronounced tendency towards an increase in the standardized indicator of the overall incidence in children aged 0-14 years (average growth rate =+1.32%) and those aged 15-17 years (average growth rate =+2.87%), stabilization of the indicator of primary morbidity in children of 0-14 years old (average rate of decline = -0.49%) and a downward trend in the rate of primary morbidity (average rate of decline = -3.48%) in children aged 15-17 years. The levels and average long-term trends in the dynamics of indicators in individual territorial and administrative districts of the region have been established. The trends in the dynamics of asthma incidence rates in the administrative territories of the region during the analyzed period were multidirectional and had varying degrees of stability. The cartograms of the territorial distribution of bronchial asthma incidence rates in children of the Grodno region in the periods 1999-2023 (0-14 years) and 2008-2023 (15-17 years) are presented. Conclusions. The reasons for the established patterns in changes in the incidence of bronchial asthma in children of different age groups and those living in different territories require further study.

SANNIKI ARCHAEOLOGICAL COMPLEX: HISTORY AND STUDY PROSPECTS

This article deals with the issues of interpretation of the archaeological complex of Sanniki (Dzaytlava district, Grodno Region). The history of the study of Sanniki settlement is analysed, as well as its interpretation options in the works of researches. The results of the archaeological study conducted by the author are given.Based on analyses of new sourses, the selection of the Sanniki archaeological complex is justified.

СУИЦИДАЛЬНАЯ АКТИВНОСТЬ В СТАТИСТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕТРОСПЕКЦИИ

Purpose. To determine the statistical features of the frequency of suicides in the Grodno region with regard to time intervals as well as medical and social risk factors for suicide. Material and methods. In the present study we used statistical data for the Grodno region for the period 2004-2023 concerning the population size and the number of suicides as well as the maps of analysis of the causes of suicides committed in 2010-2023 (n=1520). Results. The established statistical features of the frequency of suicides in the Grodno region indicate that suicidal activity, as a population feature, is independent of the population size; it is determined and has characteristic dynamics over annual intervals and extremes within the year, month, week and day. In the structure of pre-suicide, medical and social factors not related to health conditions and comorbid with alcohol abuse predominate. Сonclusions. The established in the study statistical patterns of suicidal activity of the population of the Grodno region, which are quantitatively associated with time intervals within the day, week, month and year and qualitatively with the dominant medical and social characteristics present in pre-suicide, indicate that suicide is a population feature and causes of suicides in particular cases are determined by the suicider’s inheriting of some features of a society as an element and a formal model of this society.

Frequency of CYP2C19, P2RY12, ITGB3, ITGA2, and eNOS3 gene polymorphism in patients with myocardial infarction

The aim of the study was to assess the distribution of polymorphic variants G681A (*2) of the CYP2C19 gene, H1/H2 of the P2RY12 gene, T1565C of the ITGB3 gene, C807T of the ITGA2 gene, and T786C of the eNOS3 gene in the population of the Grodno region, and to study their associations with myocardial infarction (MI). The study of the population consists of 493 people, including 400 patients with MI aged 31 to 74 years and 93 people of the control group aged 32 to 60 years. Research data (clinical and genotyping performed by polymerase chain reaction) were analyzed using STATISTICA 10.0 software. The prevalence of carriage of genotypes associated with high residual platelet reactivity and variability in response to dual antiplatelet therapy among patients with MI was 25.2 % for the G681A polymorphic locus of the CYP2C19 gene (GA + AA), and for the H1/H2 polymorphic locus of the P2RY12 gene (H1/H2 + H2/H2) – 40.0 %, for the C807T polymorphic locus of the ITGA2 gene (CT + TT) – 65.8, for the T1565C polymorphic locus of the ITGB3 gene (TC + CC) – 25.5, for the polymorphic locus T786C of the eNOS gene (TC + CC) – 69.2 %. Among the individuals of the control group, the frequency of occurrence of these genotypes was 18.3, 46.2, 60.2, 37.6, 48.4 %, respectively. In patients with MI, compared to the control group, the TT genotype of the eNOS gene was less common (χ2 = 13.6, p = 0.0002), the CC genotype of the eNOS gene (χ2 = 5.4, p = 0.02) and the allele 786C of the eNOS gene (χ2 = 15.1, p = 0.0001) were more often detected. The carriage of the 786C allele of the eNOS gene increased the risk of MI in the studied population (OR = 2.0, 95 % CI: 1.41‒2.82, p = 0.0001). Gender differences were not found in the distribution of genotypes and alleles within the studied groups. There were no differences in carriage by the number of combinations of minor alleles between the control group and patients with MI. The most common combinations of minor alleles in both groups were comparable.

Обзор проблемного поля IV Всероссийской (c международным участием) научно-практической конференции «Новое поколение профессионалов в образовании: воспитание на основе интеграции ценностей»

The research relevance is determined by the raise of the problematic field devoted to the value-based integration of the educational subjects. This problematic field serves as the general idea of the IV All-Russian (with International Participation) Scientific Conference “A New Generation of Professionals in Education: Personal Development Based on the Integration of Values” (November 23, 2023, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov; Ulyanovsk). Objective: the analytical review of the problematic field of the IV All-Russian (with international participation) scientific and practical conference, which was organized and conducted by Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov in close cooperation with Grodno Regional Institute for Educational Development (Republic of Belarus) and Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky. The subject-matter of the traditional scientific and practical conference this year actualizes the personalitydevelopment aspect of the young teacher’s activity and in this perspective it develops the logic of the international forum “Humanization of the Educational Space: Culture of the Educating Personality”, held by the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Needs Education of Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky on April 19-20, 2023. Results: the conference brought together 192 participants and is aimed in its context at creating conditions for further constructive dialogues between representatives of the scientific and pedagogical community, young teachers and students majoring in pedagogy, classroom teachers and mentors on the issue of educating the younger generation and integrating universal values in the process. The originality and novelty of the conference is determined by the format of its various components. This year, the conference venues are represented by the laboratory of Russian pedagogical practices “Educational practices: history and the present-day state”, the methodological laboratory “Professional position of a young teacher in the context of the value transformation”, the laboratory of educational spaces modeling “Young teacher in the personal-development activity”, the laboratory of continuous pedagogical education “Continuity in the field of education: from organization of psychological and pedagogical classes to mentoring practice in education”, and the laboratory of Masters of Education “Professional practices in the work of a young teacher”.

The borders of the borderlands.A case study of the former parish of Usnar in the Grodno region

This article presents a synthesis of the sociolinguistic situation of the Polish–Belarusian borderland, on the territory of the former parish of Usnar. Field studies were conducted systematically in the years 2015–2020 and irregularly in the years 2021–2023. The author employed an original method based on using museum fund. The paper focuses on the influence of the border (the state one, as well as other types of borders) on the sociolinguistic situation of the microarea. Particularly noteworthy is the persistent division into settlements of the petty nobility and villages, along with the corresponding language codes. Keywords: border studies – language codes – methodology of sociolinguistic research – Grodno region.

ОПЫТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПИЛОТНОГО ПРОЕКТА «ГРОДНЕНСКАЯ УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКАЯ КЛИНИКА» В АСПЕКТЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ЛЕЧЕБНОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ

In accordance with the Resolution of the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Belarus dated December 11, 2018 No. 886 “On the implementation of a pilot project to create a university clinic”, the Ministry of Health, together with the Grodno Regional Executive Committee, has been implementing a pilot project to create a university clinic in the Grodno region since 2019. The participants in the pilot project were the health care institution “Grodno Regional Clinical Hospital” and the educational institution “Grodno State Medical University”. The purpose of this publication is to summarize the experience of implementing the pilot project at the Grodno University Clinic in terms of the effectiveness of medical activities. In frames of pilot project implementation a regional “diabetic foot” center has been organized; a center for “Medical Image Visualization” was organized (regional PACS archive of DICOM images of CT and MRI); a system of multi-level provision of medical care to the population of the Grodno region was developed and approved; a telemedicine consultation center was organized and equipped; a scientific and practical conference “Innovative achievements in the work of the University Clinic” is held annually; Regional professional skills master classes are held on a regular basis; modern diagnostic and treatment methods are being introduced into the clinical process, according to the work plans of scientific and clinical departments; the surgical building of the university clinic is at the stage of completion of reconstruction. The experience of implementing the pilot project gives the possibility to make next conclusions: 1. The results of functioning within the framework of the Grodno University Clinic project indicate that the comfortable conditions created contributed to a significant intensification of the process of generating ideas and introducing the most promising innovations into clinical practice. 2. The effectiveness of interaction between representatives of academic medical science, education and practical healthcare has increased significantly, which has contributed to an increase in the volume and quality of medical care provided. 3. It is necessary to continue to accumulate experience in the functioning of university clinics, followed by periodic assessment of the results of their activities in order to widely implement the best practices developed in them.

КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА, КАЧЕСТВО ЖИЗНИ И КОМОРБИДНАЯ ПАТОЛОГИЯ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПСОРИАЗОМ

Background. Psoriasis is a chronic relapsing dermatosis, with a dominant genetic basis, characterized by hyperproliferation and impaired differentiation of epidermal cells, an inflammatory reaction in the dermis, and numerous biochemical, vascular and immunological abnormalities. The purpose is to study the frequency of individual skin symptoms, to assess the quality of life and concomitant pathologies in patients with psoriasis who received treatment at the Grodno Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary. Material and methods. The study involved 57 patients, of which 60% were men and 40% were women. The median age was 47 years. The clinical characteristics and concomitant diseases in patients with psoriasis, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI index) and the Dermatological Quality of Life Index (DQLI) were assessed. Results. 57 patients took part in the survey, of which 34 were men (60%) and 23 women (40%). The median age was 47 years. When analyzing the frequency of individual skin symptoms, the most frequently noted lesions were the scalp and seborrheic areas, 73.7% and 59.6%, respectively. The median value of the PASI index was 20.0, with a minimum value of 9 and a maximum of 48. Among the examined patients, the median of the DLQI index was 10 points, and more than 50% indicated a “moderate” decrease quality of life. Among the 57 patients surveyed, 27 (47%) had concomitant diseases. When considering the nature of comorbid conditions, diseases of the cardiovascular system and hypercholesterolemia with dyslipidemia were most often observed in patients with psoriasis, 26.3% and 21.1% according to general survey indicators. Conclusions. The problems of combined pathology in patients with psoriasis are relevant and require further indepth study and the search for scientifically based solutions that will improve the quality of medical care for patients with both isolated psoriasis and its combined course.

International Scientific Conference “XVI Readings in Memory of Metropolitan Joseph of Lithuania and Vilna (Semashko)”

On December 6–7, 2023, at the Minsk Theological Seminary, located in the agricultural town of Zhirovichi, Grodno region, XVI Readings in Memory of Metropolitan Joseph of Lithuania and Vilna (Semashko) were held.

First Russian scholars projects on musealization of archaeological heritage in Soviet Belarus

The purpose of the study is to analyze archival sources on the problem of museumification of the archaeological heritage of Belarus. In the late 1940s and 1960s Russian scientists N. N. Voronin, N. N. Gurina developed concepts and design proposals for the creation of archaeological museums in Grodno and Krasnoselsky settlement in Grodno region, but were not published. N. N. Voronin substantiated the creation of the “Museum of Monuments of Russian Grodno” (1947) on the territory of the Old Castle. He proposed measures for the preservation and presentation of churches (XII–XIV cent.), civil architecture, defensive structures (XII–XVII cent.). N. N. Gurina developed the project of the Museum of Neolithic Silica Mines (1972). The author of the article focuses on archaeologists and architects’ scientific approaches to museumification (complex, landscape, axiological, cultural), methods for adapting ruins to museum (conservation of excavation and objects, restoration to stabilize ruins, protection within pavilions), principles of museumification — preservation, authenticity, scientific. N. N. Gurina’s project distinguishes by the planning, zoning of the museum-reserve territory; it focuses on the harmonization of the landscape and design elements, measures to ensure security and protection, there are elements of improvement, tourist infrastructure. N. N. Voronin with the architect I. V. Trofimov tested the restoration measures associated with the excavation, determined the sources of funding and a new direction of museum activity was founded. The author concludes that the museumification of archeological sites, considered as a cultural project, includes a number of stages: archaeological identification of the monument, the historical and cultural valorization of all objects, the development of methods of conservation and restoration, the creation of architectural and art projects of the building, exposition.

ОСТРАЯ ПЕРФОРАТИВНАЯ ЯЗВА ТОЩЕЙ КИШКИ У РЕБЕНКА С ЮВЕНИЛЬНЫМ ДЕРМАТОМИОЗИТОМ (СЛУЧАЙ ИЗ ПРАКТИКИ)

Background. Juvenile dermatomyositis (JD) is an inflammatory myopathy in children with predominant involvement of the proximal muscles of the extremities, the development of systemic vasculitis and characteristic skin changes. It is accompanied by progressive muscle weakness, including smooth muscles of the respiratory and digestive organs, as well as striated muscle tissue of the heart. Joint damage and calcification are noted. JD is confirmed by the detection of myositis antibodies in the blood. Corticosteroids and cytostatics are usually prescribed. It should be noted that as of 2023, only 4 patients with this disease were registered in the Republic of Belarus. Objective. To demonstrate a rare case of diagnosis and treatment of perforated jejunal ulcer in a child with JD. Material and methods. Data from the clinical observation of patient Sh., aged 3, treated in the department of emergency surgery of Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital in October 2023. Results. The child was admitted to the children's hospital complaining of abdominal pain, vomiting (3 times), the duration of the disease being 17 hours. The dynamic observation revealed no acute surgical pathology. Acute gastritis was diagnosed, the concomitant pathology being JD (acute course, 2nd degree activity). On the 5th day (on the day of discharge) the child had a sudden bloating. Plain radiography revealed free gas under the diaphragm. The child underwent diagnostic laparoscopy that detected a perforated jejunal ulcer with peritonitis. Laparotomic jejunum resection with anastomosis was performed. Conclusions. We have presented a case, which the surgeons of our hospital have faced for the first time. Having analyzed literature data, we came to the conclusion that the complication was related to the underlying disease and its therapy with corticosteroids. Despite the complexity of the disease, the patient was discharged with an improvement in his condition.

КРЮЧОК ГРИГОРИЙ РОМАНОВИЧ – ОСНОВОПОЛОЖНИК ИСТОРИИ МЕДИЦИНЫ В БЕЛАРУСИ КАК НАУКИ

This year marks the 105th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding scientist, historian of medicine and public figure Grigory Romanovich Kryuchok. His contribution to the development of medicine in Belarus cannot be underestimated, because he not only created the basis for historical medical science in the country, but also left an indelible mark in the field of practical health care. Working at the Grodno Medical Institute as the head of the department of social hygiene and healthcare organization from December 1982 to September 1986, G. R. Kryuchok worked to create a museum of the history of medicine in the Grodno region. The scientific activity of Grigory Romanovich at the Grodno Medical Institute was multifaceted. The restoration of the activities of the Grodno Scientific Society of Medical Historians was important for the medical community of Grodno.

Macrozoobenthos of the Neman River within the borders of the Grodno region

The species composition and abundance of macrozoobenthos of the Neman River within the borders of the Grodno region have been studied. A total of 165 identified lower detectable taxa (NOTES) of macrozoobenthos representatives belonging to 3 types of aquatic invertebrates were found: Mollusca – 30, Annelida – 12, and Arthropoda – 123 NOTES. Prior to the species, 119 taxonomic elements were detected. The average number of identified lower detectable taxa in the studied Neman River beds was 20.75 NOTES. The average number of macrozoobenthos representatives in the studied sections of the Neman River reached 857.5 specimens. Among the collected aquatic invertebrates, invasive species were identified – Lithoglyphus naticoides (Pfeiffer, 1828), Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas, 1771) and Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817). A rare species found in Belarus only for the third time is the mayfly Ametropus fragilis Albarda, 1878. Dragonflies Anax imperator Leach, 1815 and Gomphus flavipes Charpentier, 1825 were protected in Belarus and in a number of Western European countries.

КЛИНИКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ГЕНЕРАЛИЗОВАННЫХ ФОРМ МЕНИНГОКОККОВОЙ ИНФЕКЦИИ В ГРОДНЕНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ ЗА ПЕРИОД 2018-2022 гг.

The article presents an analysis of the epidemiological situation of meningococcal infection in the Grodno region over the past five years. Aim. Analysis of the dynamics of morbidity and factors affecting the frequency of meningococcal infection in the Grodno region. Material and methods. A retrospective comparative analysis of the morbidity of the population of the Grodno region was carried out using statistical reporting forms of the database of the Grodno Regional Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, as well as an analysis of the medical histories of the Grodno Regional Infectious Clinical Hospital and the Grodno Regional Children's Clinical Hospital. Results. An analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Grodno region over the past five years has revealed fluctuations in morbidity rates, the replacement of leading strains of meningococci, concomitant diseases in patients, the "maturation" of meningococcal infection: children account for about 61.5% of cases of generalized forms of meningococcal infection which is less than the usual 75-80%. Conclusions: Over the past five years, there has been a decrease in the incidence of meningococcal infection in the Grodno region. The epidemic situation in general for meningococcal infection in the Grodno region for the period 2018–2022 is characterized by signs of an interepidemic period, i.e. sporadic morbidity persists. The leading serotypes in patients are meningococci of serogroup B and C. In the structure of patients with generalized forms of meningococcal infection, a group of homeschooled children prevails. Concomitant chronic diseases were registered in most patients.