Sandblasting Research Articles

Redesigning the Production Process Using Simulation for Sustainable Development of the Enterprise

In this case study, the medium-sized enterprise is looking for ways to achieve sustainable development. Following the Industry 4.0 trend could get the enterprise closer. The rate of information technology usage is very low in the enterprise. The enterprise’s problem is the long production of orders. The orders had to be rejected many times because the customer’s time limit could not be met. The major cause seems to be two environmentally insufficient and obsolete machines in the blast cleaning operation. These machines are replaced in the production by one new wheel blast machine. However, the production process must be redesigned and the layout changed to use this machine effectively. This redesign is difficult to verify and evaluate in the pilot plant experiment. Simulation is the most suitable tool to do it quickly and relatively easily. The ExtendSim simulation program creates a real production process model and then applies the redesign of this process in the model. The model must be thoroughly verified concerning the real production process to not distort the results. The result of the redesign of the production process is the reduction of the production duration by almost 50% and elimination of two environmentally insufficient and obsolete machines. Improved machine blast cleaning has also significantly reduced the utilization of blast cleaning. Spared capacities can be used for pre-production or otherwise for the profit-making of the enterprise. However, a new bottleneck appeared elsewhere in the production process by removing the previous one. The innovation passed through barriers, and Slovak small and medium enterprises started building sustainable development. The enterprise still must focus on further innovation, and more investment will be needed to achieve the final sustainable development goal.

Superhydrophobic Coating Based on Porous Aluminum Oxide Modified by Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS).

The aim of this study was to obtain a superhydrophobic coating by modifying anodized aluminum using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). In order to obtain a superhydrophobic coating on an aluminum substrate, a multistage treatment was implemented. Specimens of aluminum were treated by abrasive blasting, anodization in sulfuric acid, impregnation by PDMS, rinsing in toluene to remove excess of PDMS, and curing. A rough surface with an additional low free energy layer on it resulted in a superhydrophobic effect. The coating obtained has an average contact angle of 159°. The specimens were tested in terms of durability in natural conditions. Additionally, anti-icing and anti-fouling properties were evaluated. The coating was compared with anodized aluminum obtained by a basic process.

Effect of SiC Abrasive Blasting Parameters on the Quality of the Ceramic and Ni-Cr Dental Alloy Joint.

The SiC abrasive blasting parameters are vital in ensuring a suitable bond between dental ceramics and the Ni-Cr alloy. The purpose of this in vitro test was to examine the strength of the joint between the Ni-Cr alloy and fused dental ceramics for SiC abrasive blasting at a specific pressure (400, 600 kPa) and particle size (50, 110, 250 µm) in order to determine the optimal treatment parameters. The test also accounted for thermal loads (5000 cycles, 5–55 °C) to which the metal-ceramic joint is subjected during use. One hundred and forty-four Ni-Cr cylinders were divided into six groups (n = 12) and subjected to the airborne-particle abrasion with SiC with various pressure and grit size parameters. After treatment, the specimens were rinsed, dried, fused to dental ceramics, and examined for their shear strength using the Zwick/Roell Z020 machine. The results were statistically analysed using the ANOVA analysis of variance (α = 0.05). The highest metal-ceramic joint strength was obtained for abrasive blasting with 110 and 250 µm SiC grit at a pressure of 400 kPa. This relationship was also observed after the joint was subjected to thermal loads (5000 thermocycles). Additionally, thermal loads did not significantly reduce the joint’s strength compared with non-loaded joints. For small SiC abrasive grit sizes (50 µm) under pressure 400 kPa, the treatment pressure had a significant effect on the strength of the joint (p < 0.05). For larger particle sizes, the pressure had no effect. After abrasive blasting using SiC, the Ni-Cr metal-ceramic joint retained its properties, even under thermal load, ensuring the joint properties’ stability during use.

Evaluation of a Continuous Laser Ablation Coating Removal Device for Steel Bridges

One common method for removing deteriorated coatings from steel bridges is abrasive blast cleaning. Although effective, abrasive blast cleaning can be hazardous to operators and must be conducted using expensive containment. One innovative solution to the hazardous nature and high expense of blast cleaning is laser ablation coating removal (LACR). LACR uses a high-energy laser, rather than conventional blasting, to remove the coating and has the potential to minimize operator hazards and eliminate the need for containment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a continuous LACR system in relation to its coating removal effectiveness, industrial hygiene (IH), and effect on the steel substrate below the underlying coating. Coating removal and IH evaluation were performed on coated steel samples, including some with lead and other toxic metal coatings. LACR was also performed on bare steel, used to perform mechanical testing, such as tension, fatigue, hardness, and microstructural analysis to evaluate the effect of LACR on a steel substrate. In comparison to the pulsed LACR system evaluated in a previous study, the continuous LACR system was 2–27 times faster at removing most coatings, but it was unable to remove white coatings like the pulsed LACR system was able to do. IH evaluation showed that the continuous LACR system was likely to generate toxic metal fumes when ablating lead coatings, but this could possibly be minimized by designing an attached fume extraction system. Mechanical testing showed that the continuous LACR had no detrimental effects to the steel substrate.

Multifunctional, environmental coatings on AA2024 by combining anodization with sol-gel process

The present work proposes the development of multifunctional composite coatings on AA 2024 by combining anodization and sol-gel process. To render the surface of AA 2024 with maximum corrosion resistance, eco-friendly citric-sulfuric acid (CSA) electrolyte with low sulphur content was used for anodization at 20 V for a duration of 30 min. The obtained anodized layer was porous. Ambient curable hybrid sol-gel coating with 8-hydroxy quinoline (8-HQ) as corrosion inhibitor was used as a sealant for the porous anodized layer to enhance the corrosion resistance with self-healing properties. Surface pre-treatments were carried out using sand blasting and alkaline etching to ensure high surface activity prior to anodization. The surface morphology and chemical composition of samples with and without coatings were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis (EDX). Adhesion strength and wettability of the coatings were measured by tape adhesion test and water contact angle analysis respectively, which revealed excellent binding strength and hydrophobic nature. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was evaluated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and salt spray tests. The results revealed improved corrosion resistance of anodized + 8-HQ sealed AA2024. Moreover, when the coated samples were scribed and exposed to the corrosive medium, the SEM/EDX mapping confirmed presence of corrosion inhibitors at the location of the defect, thereby confirming the self-healing property. Hence, the proposed system is a chromium-free, environment friendly multifunctional system exhibiting excellent self-healing corrosion protection and can be a promising substitute for chromic acid anodization.

Synergy Effect of Abrasive Blasting and Large-area EB Irradiation on Surface Finishing of AMed Titanium Alloy

Among a broad spectrum of AM technologies, electron beam melting (EBM) is widely applied in AM process for producing titanium alloy parts. In general, AMed metal products have very rough surface of more than 200µmRz, since relatively large beads are arranged on their surface by scanning electron beam. Moreover, surface irregularities such as spatter and cavity are also generated on the surface. Rough surface and surface irregularities would lead to reduction in surface strength and poor appearance. Therefore, post surface finishing processes are required to smooth the surface of AMed metal products. One of the common surface smoothing processes is abrasive blasting. Large surface roughness can be decreased by abrasive blasting, and compressive residual stress can be introduced to the surface. However, there is a limitation to reduction of surface roughness. On the other hand, in large-area electron beam (large-area EB, LEB) irradiation method developed recently, mold steel surface can be finished by melting it in a few minutes. However, it is not easy to smooth surface with large initial surface roughness, and a tensile residual stress may be generated on the surface.In this paper, surface smoothing of AMed titanium alloy by combination of abrasive blasting and large-area EB irradiation was proposed. At first, the AMed titanium alloy surface was blasted to reduce the initial large surface roughness to some extent and change the surface topography. Then, large-area EB was irradiated to the blasted surface. It is made clear that surface roughness significantly decreases when large-area EB is irradiated to the blasted surface with small mean width. Moreover, tensile residual stress generated in large-area EB irradiation can be reduced by abrasive blasting. Therefore, combination of abrasive blasting and large-area EB irradiation is effective for efficient reduction of large surface roughness of AMed titanium alloy.

Influence of Abrasive Blasting and Hot Pressing Preparation on the Pinus taeda Wood Surface

Metal particles are used in abrasive blasting to provide cleaning, new shapes, or fatigue resistance to surfaces, depending on the format of these particles. However, these particulates constitute large amounts of waste with no proper treatment. In this scenario, this paper aims to compare two surface treatment methods using metallic particles on Pinus taeda wood: abrasive blasting and hot pressing. The size and shape of the particles were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and their chemical constitution by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). After each treatment, the wood surface was subjected to wettability and colorimetric tests. The hot pressing treatment and the copper slag particles provided the lowest wettability. The color changes were significant after both methods, highlighting their potential as a new finishing technique.

Bond strength of different orthodontic brackets produced with different materials and fabrication methods

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of material and processing methods on the bondstrength of orthodontic brackets. Material and Methods: Five types of brackets were tested: Conventionalmetallic (CM), metallic sandblasted (SB), ceramic (C), polycarbonate (PC), and metallic fabricated by meltinginjection molding (MIM). Shear bond strength (SBS) was conducted to check bond strength of the bracketsbonded to bovine teeth (n=10/group), and tensile bond strength (TBS) (20 brackets/group) to check bracketretention to bonding material (n=20/group). Both, SBS and TBS were conducted with 1mm/min crossheadspeed in a universal testing machine. Bond strength was calculated in Megapascal (MPa) based on force (N) andbracket area (mm2). Data normality was verified, and One-way ANOVA was the statistical test with Tukey posthoc(a=0.05). Results: SB and MIM presented higher SBS compared to C, PC, and CM (p&lt;0.05). SB and MIMalso presented significantly higher TBS compared to CM and PC (p&lt;0.05). However, MIM was not different ofC for TBS. Conclusion: The type of material and method of fabrication are determinant factors that affect bondstrength of orthodontic brackets and melting injection molding (MIM) is a remarkable technology to improvebrackets retention during the orthodontic treatment. KEYWORDSBond strength; Orthodontic brackets; Melting injection molding.

Vol4 num4-7 Delamination behavior under mode I and mode II of adhesive bonded joints for different surface treatments

The automotive, aerospace and renewable energy generation industries have replaced significantly the use of traditional materials, such as steel and aluminum, by reinforced fiber composites. It has recognized that joints drilling and screwing joints damage the fibers introducing a higher concentration of stresses. That is why the application of structural adhesives, as a method of joining in reinforced composites, has increased in recent years. Delamination is the most critical failure mode of composite materials resulting in stiffness and structural strength losses. This works studies the behavior against delamination under mode I and mode II interlaminar fracture of adhesive bonded joints in carbon-epoxy composite materials, using structural adhesives of epoxy and acrylic bases. For the execution of the joints, different surface treatments have been employed: sanding, grit blasting and peel ply technique, allowing to make a fracture resistance comparision study. The double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notched flexure (ENF) tests configuration were used to determine stress-strain behavior and fracture toughness for mode I (GIC) and mode II (GIIC), respectively. Surface modifications have been evaluated by&nbsp; contact angle measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental results are shown in the same situation. The experimental results obtained show that, even if not showing the same delamination tendency for both fracture modes, the strain energy release rate are higher for an improved of wetting properties and an increase of surface roughness.

Experimental and numerical study on Mode I and Mode II interfacial fracture toughness of co-cured steel-CFRP hybrid composites

Interfacial fracture toughness of co-cured steel-carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) hybrid composites were investigated in this paper. To illustrate the effect of the interlayer on the fracture toughness, steel-CFRP hybrid composites were prepared by different manufacturing processes based on steel surface treatment (abrasion or grit blasting) and adhesive-bonding process. The experimental results of double cantilever beam (DCB) tests and end notched flexure (ENF) tests demonstrate that, the Mode I and Mode II interfacial fracture toughness of the hybrid composites can be improved by using a grit blasting surface treatment on steel and introducing an adhesive layer at the steel/CFRP interface. The hybrid composites mainly show fiber/epoxy interfacial failure of CFRP under Mode I loading conditions, while it mostly exhibits adhesive failure of steel/CFRP interface under Mode II loading condition. Moreover, the interfacial tensile strengths of steel-CFRP hybrid composites are predicted by finite element analysis, and both experimental and numerical results confirm the improvement of interfacial fracture toughness.

EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF PLUNGER RECOVERY MODES BY COMBINED PROCESSING

Stainless steel parts are widely used in milk processing equipment. The condition of these elements determines the operability of the equipment and the quality of the product. The most susceptible to wear are parts of the plunger type, the failure of which is by the loss of the cylindricity when changing geometric dimensions in longitudinal and cross sections. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing a method for restoring cylindrical parts of the plunger type during combined processing; reducing the complexity of the restoration process and increasing the durability of the plunger (Materials and methods) Samples of 40Kh13 steel imitating the shape of a plunger with a diameter of 45 millimeters were studied. Three samples were produced with different pre-treatment: shot blasting, finishing turning and manual grinding. The study was as follow: initial measurement of the diameter in four sections at three levels; electric spark buildup, electromechanical processing and grinding before the preparing the working surface; measuring geometric parameters before and after each treatment; making slits for microstructural analysis, and measuring microhardness. (Results and discussion) As a result of the experiment and sample processing, there achieved an increase in diameter by 1.10 ± 0.08 millimeters when applying from 15 to 20 layers by the electric spark method with an electrode of the brand 308L-16. After deformation during electromechanical processing, the layer ranged from 0.36 ± 0.03 to 0.47± 0.07 millimeters, during grinding, the thickness of the final layer was from 0.04 ± 0.02 to 0.26± 0.02 millimeters. Measurements of the microhardness of the structural zones showed that the microhardness of the residual layer is 250-400 Vickers, the transition zone has a compacted structure and a hardness of over 550, and the core is 200-250. (Conclusions) Based on these data, the article proposes recommendations for the building of a compensation layer to restore the cylindrical working surface of the plunger type part.

ПІДВИЩЕННЯ АДГЕЗІЙНОЇ МІЦНОСТІ ПОКРИТТІВ ПРИ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОВОМУ ШЛІФУВАННІ

Gas-thermal spraying of self-fluxing, ceramic and other powder materials is one of the effective methods of restoring and strengthening machine parts. The paper describes the gas-thermal spraying methods. The reason for the appearance of macrodefects during mechanical processing in the form of microcracks and burns, and during the operation of parts -in the form of delamination of coatings, is the instability of the structure and physical and mechanical properties of coatings, as well as insufficient adhesive strength and significant residual stresses. In turn, the adhesion strength of coatings depends on the level of surface activation of the base material. The analysis of methods of activation of the surface of the part was performed. Different methods are used: shot blasting or sandblasting, spraying the sublayer, forming a "torn" cut. They all have different performance. The main factors that affect the adhesive and cohesive strength are the incomplete connection of the particles forming the coating, the structure of the coating and the residual internal stresses of the coating. The interaction of adhesion strength and residual internal stresses determines the workability of the coating. As the residual internal stresses increase, the adhesive strength decreases. One of the effective methods of reducing residual internal stresses in coatings is the action of ultrasonic vibrations. The paper presents the results of experimental studies of the influence of the amplitude of ultrasonicvibrations on the adhesionstrength of coatings. Adhesive strength was determined by the method of breaking off a conical pin. The authors gave a formula for calculating the adhesion strength of coatings. The analysis of the results of the experiment showed that the replacement of static grinding with vibration significantly increases (by 15-20%) the adhesive strength. This phenomenon is determined by the action of two factors: a decrease in the level of damage to the coating; reducing the yield point of the coating material. It should be noted that the possibility of such a transition is due to the reduction of the fragility criterion to values less than 1. The paper provides a formula for calculating the value of the fragility criterion of coatings, as well as a formula for calculating the length of a critical microcrack. Knowing the length of the critical microcrack makes it possible to diagnose coatings for their performance.

Assessment of Lead Exposures during Abrasive Blasting and Vacuuming in Ventilated Field Containments: A Case Study

Assessment of Lead Exposures during Abrasive Blasting and Vacuuming in Ventilated Field Containments: A Case Study

Effect of abrasive blasting and atmospheric plasma treatment on static and fatigue strength of SPCC adhesive joint

For greater fuel efficiency and increased safety, shifts to design of car body using multi-material such as ultra-high strength steel, aluminum alloy and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) in addition to conventional steel are accelerated. Therefore, effective joint methods for dissimilar materials are required. Adhesive bonding has attracted attention from this point of view. The strength of adhesive bonding joints is affected by the surface conditions of the adherend. Therefore, in this study, the effects of abrasive blasting and atmospheric plasma treatment on the static and fatigue strength of SPCC (steel plate cold commercial) adhesive joint were evaluated. It was found that abrasive blasting increased the surface roughness and waviness due to the collision of particles and improved both static and fatigue strengths of the joints due to anchor effect. On the other hand, atmospheric plasma treatment created hydrophilic surface of SPCC, however, only fatigue lives of the joints increased and the static strength was not improved.

Effect of Argon Plasma Surface Treatment on Repair of Resin Composite Aged Two Years.

To evaluate the effect of argon plasma treatment (PLA) when combined with sandblasting (SAN), silanization (SIL), and hydrophobic bonding resin (HBR) on the shear bond strength (SBS) of a two-year water-aged resin composite bonded to a newly placed composite after 24 hours and one year of water-storage. Thirty-six light-cured composite plates (20mm x 20mm x 4mm thick) were obtained and stored at 37°C in distilled water for 2 years. These aged plates were distributed into 6 groups (n=6) according to the surface treatment: no treatment (Negative Control); SAN+SIL+HBR (Positive Control); SAN+PLA+SIL+HBR; PLA+ SIL+HBR; PLA+SIL; PLA+HBR. Fresh resin composite cylinders were built up using silicone molds (hole: 1.5 mm high x 1.5 mm diameter) positioned over the aged plates. Half of the SBS samples were stored in distilled water for 24 hours and loaded until failure, while the other half were stored for 1 year before being tested. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey Test (preset alpha of 0.05). Positive Control, SAN+PLA+SIL+HBR and PLA+SIL+HBR groups presented higher SBS means at the 24 hour evaluation. After 1 year of water storage, all groups demonstrated significant SBS reduction, with the SAN+PLA+SIL+HBR group presenting the highest SBS. Resin plasma treatment in combination with other surface treatments can improve the SBS of composite repairs after one year of water storage. The SBS of the composite repair was not stable over time regardless of the surface treatment.

Optimization of Dune Sand-Slag Blended Geopolymer Mortar Using Taguchi Method

Achieving optimum performance of geopolymer mortar intended for structural and repair applications is a complex task with various factors being considered prior to production. This study explores the influence of mix design parameters on the fresh and hardened properties of geopolymer mortar made with treated dune sand (TDS) and granulated blast furnace slag (BFS). A total of nine geopolymer mortar mixtures were designed following the Taguchi method for four factors, each with three levels. These factors included BFS replacement rate by TDS, alkali-activator solution to binder ratio (AAS/B), sodium silicate-to-sodium hydroxide ratio (SS/SH), and sodium hydroxide (SH) molarity. The investigated performance quality criteria were flowability, compressive strength, water permeability, and carbon dioxide footprint. The effect of various factors on the responses was assessed through ANOVA while determining the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratios to seek the optimum proportions of mixtures. Results revealed that a mix made with TDS replacement, AAS/B, SS/SH, and SH molarity of 25%, 0.5, 1.5, and 14 M yielded superior performance.

Availability analysis considering two subsystem failures simultaneously via markov modeling

This paper discusses the performance analysis of the alloy wheel plant (AWP). Till now researchers (1, 5, 9, 14, and 25) took assumption that only one failure at one time but this paper considered two failures at one time. The AWP mainly consists of four subsystems in series (Gdc Machine, Cutting Machine, Heat Treatment Machine and Shot Blasting Machine). The failure and repair rates are implicit to be constant and statistically independent. A transition diagram developed form the interrelationship among the working and failed state. Mathematical modeling of this system is done by applying markov- birth – death processes. These equations are solved by recursive method and optimized reliability is calculated for failure and repair rates. The obtaining result is helpful to improve the overall performance of alloy wheel plant.

Surface Characteristics and Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Treated by Abrasive Blasting

The effects of blasting with metallic steel grit and non-metallic alumina grit on steel surface characteristics were evaluated. These abrasives are generally used at construction sites and in vacuum blasting. Milled steel specimens were used to investigate the effect of the blasting conditions on surface properties. The effect of difference in surface properties on the adhesion strength and corrosion behavior were measured through adhesion tests, polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The limitations of blasting were evaluated using corroded steel specimens, as were the effects of corrosion products, salts, and abrasive material remaining on the blasted steel surface on the adhesion and corrosion resistance of paint. Steel grit more effectively increased the surface roughness than alumina grit; however, with both abrasive materials, the roughness increased with the blast projection angle. However, in the case of alumina grit, some abrasive material remained on the surface; thus, the actual roughness not including the residual abrasive material was more complex and greater than that of the sample blasted with steel grit. According to the adhesion strength test of painted and unpainted specimens, the adhesion force improved with increasing surface roughness and residual abrasive materials. Further, surface roughness was linearly correlated with the adhesion strength of unpainted specimens for both abrasive materials with blasting, and the adhesion strength force with alumina grit was approximately 1.4 times higher than that with steel grit, suggesting that increased roughness and residual abrasive material could benefit adhesion. According to the electrochemical test results, lower roughness and increased residual abrasive material owing to alumina grit on the steel surface enhanced the surface corrosion resistance, confirming the benefit of residual materials. Grinding left behind corrosion products and salts under the steel, resulting in the recurrence of rusting. However, the residue from blasting with alumina suppressed corrosion, thus improving the adhesion and corrosion resistance of the paint.

Influence of Semi-Random and Regular Shot Peening on Selected Surface Layer Properties of Aluminum Alloy.

This paper attempts to compare regular shot peening (RSP) and semi-random shot peening (SRSP). A characteristic of the first method is that the peening elements hit the treated surface in sequence, with a regular distance maintained between the dimples. The other method (SRSP) is a controlled modification of the shot-peening process, which is random by nature. The shot-peening method used in this study differs from conventional shot peening (shot blasting and vibratory shot peening) in that it allows controlled and repeatable determination of the configuration and distribution of impacts exerted by the peening element on the workpiece surface, which makes the process more repeatable and easier to model. Specimens of EN-AW 7075 aluminum alloy were used for testing. The following variables were used in the experiments: ball diameter, impact energy, and distance between the dimples. Microhardness distribution in the surface layer, 2D surface roughness, and surface topography were analyzed. FEM simulations of the residual stress distribution in the surface layer were performed. It has been found that regular shot peening results in reduced surface roughness, while semi-random shot peening leads to higher surface layer hardening.

Разработка пористых титановых имплантатов для межтелового спондилодеза

Relevance Application of 3D printing using the method of selective laser fusion for production of intervertebral cages is a topical trend of the spinal surgery. Purpose Assessment of the efficiency and safety of original interbody fusion implant application made of titanium alloy according to 3D printing technology with selective laser fusion. Materials and methods The original flattened bean-shaped cages, with an integral side part and an internal configuration in the shape of three-dimensional 1.5 × 1.8 mm porous lattice were tested . The products were made of Ti6Al4V powder using 3D printing technology with selective laser fusion. Post-processing of the products surface included abrasive blast cleaning using the SLA method and sterilization with ethylene oxide. Experiments on modeling interbody fusion with replacement of intervertebral discs with cages at levels L4 – L5 and L5 – L6 were performed in 8 mongrels. Additional primary stabilization of the lumbar spine was produced with an external fixator within 30 days after implantation. The total follow-up period lasted 180 days. Radiography, scanning electron microscopy, roentgenospectral and biochemical analysis methods were applied. Results X-ray examination demonstrated the contact between the frontal surfaces of the cages and the bone tissue of the vertebral bodies and the development of fusion in all experimental animals. Biochemical analysis did not reveal the signs of intoxication, indicating the danger of the products application. The microrelief of the implants was characterized by microroughness ranged from 1to 50 μm. In the surface layer of products, in addition to the elements of titanium, aluminum and vanadium, the carbon, oxygen, silicon, trace amounts of other organic and inorganic elements were found. Newly formed bone trabeculae were macroscopically and submicroscopically visualized in the sawcuts of bone blocks in the porous lattice of the internal part of the implants. Conclusions Experimental testing of porous implants made of titanium alloy using selective laser fusion has shown their effectiveness in obtaining interbody fusion and acceptable safety.