Emotional Grief Research Articles

«VIOLENT ROMANCES»: EMOTIONAL PRACTICES IN PETTY BOURGEOIS EVERYDAY LIFE OF RUSSIAN CITIES

The article analyzes the problem of the history of feelings of the largest urban class in the Russian Empire, bourgeoisie. The events of everyday life of the townspeople of Russian cities are studied on the basis of achievements of one of the fastest growing areas in modern historical science history of emotions. Dialogues of burghers with the power on various occasions of their daily life were permeated with emotions. You can study the lives of people on dry recorded in various sources of facts. And you can study peoples lives in the context of their emotional experiences of life. Class status and the ensuing obligations, circumstances could cause collective emotions, for example, the emotion of grief because of the recruitment duty, or because of the need to pay taxes, because of passport dependence on local authorities, etc. The degree of severity of emotional sphere of pettybourgeois life can be focused in the cultural sign of cruel romance (pettybourgeois romance). In any case, this article is the first experience in the historiography of analysis of the collective class emotion of bourgeoisie, focused on the main points of bourgeois everyday life in the framework of this article, mainly recruitment. Recruit was lost to society. So parting with recruit is similar to crying about a dead man. Legitimate, for the most part, petty-bourgeois, as a rule, could avoid recruitment with the help of volunteers or family belongings separating. That is, passive acceptance of the inevitable is another general emotional state. The study of the class of emotions allows you to identify the mentality of society and compare with the image of the petty-bourgeois, which was created by Russian artistic literature and being denounced by intelligentsia.

The body in grief

From theatre plays in ancient Greece to modern paintings, grief has been depicted as involving a specific bodily posture, a drooping head and a use of the hands to cover the eyes, mouth and forehead. In this article, I explore what role the body plays in the emotion of grief. It is argued that bereavement both makes an impression on the body, which in turn displays an expression of the emotion of grief. The dynamics of impression–expression are used to articulate a theory of grief as an emotion, which is at once cognitive (involving recognition of a situation) and communicative (expressing something to others). Appraisal theories of emotion come closest to acknowledge this dynamic, but needs a greater awareness of the role of the body. The appraisal process is not purely intellectual, but a wholly embodied affair, which is particularly evident in grief.

Illuminations: a proposed taxonomy for death-inspired works in Western art music

Throughout the history of Western art music, death has been a major stimulus for composers, and it continues to be so for contemporary musicians. Composer responses to death have been predominantly associated with emotions of grief, sadness and loss. An examination of responses in the Western art music repertoire of the past five hundred years, however, reveals that there is a diversity of composer reactions, from mourning through prophetic imaginings to resignation, and extending to spiritual affirmation or theological affirmation of an afterlife. Informed by surveying a number of composers’ diverse responses, this article outlines differences found in order to propose a taxonomy of varying creative musical approaches to death.

Grief as an extended emotion

In recent years, human scientists have generalized the so-called hypothesis of the extended mind to human emotional life. The extended mind hypothesis states that objects within the environment function as a part of the mind and are centrally involved in cognition. Some emotion researchers have argued along these lines that there are bodily extended emotions, and (more controversially) environmentally extended emotions. In this article, we will first briefly introduce the idea of the extended mind and extended emotions before applying it to the emotion of grief specifically. We explain by introducing the notion of a cultural affective niche within which grief is scaffolded and enacted. An affective niche couples the person and the environment and enables the realization of affective states.

Nurses' Experiences of Grief Following Patient Death: A Qualitative Approach.

To explore the lived experiences of nurses' feelings, emotions, grief reactions, and coping mechanisms following their patients' death. On a daily basis, nurses are experiencing patients' death, which exposes them to grief. Nurses' grief has not been sufficiently addressed in practice settings, although it has been a well-known threat to health and work performance. A qualitative design guided by a phenomenological approach was adopted. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 21 Jordanian nurses by conducting three focus groups and analyzed using Colaizzi's framework. Four themes were generated in which participants reported feelings of grief following their patients' death. Their grief emotions were reported as sadness, crying, anger, shock, denial, faith, fear, guilt, fear of the family's reaction, and powerlessness. The study provided evidence that nurses respond emotionally to patients' death and experience grief. Nurses are burdened by recurrent patients' deaths and try to cope and overcome their grief. This study emphasizes the importance of developing strategies to help nurses positively cope with their grief from a holistic perspective. This will reflect positively on the nurses' performance.

The Show Must Go On: How Architecture Firms Keep Functioning Despite Frequent Project Failure

High involvement, enthusiasm, and passion for excellence are required when architecture firms develop projects to be submitted for design competitions. Notwithstanding the emotions and the energy necessary to prepare these submissions, failure is extremely likely; on average, only one out of ten submissions wins. Project failure is a frustrating experience that usually evokes negative emotions, such as sadness, anger, and grief–emotions strongly conflicting with enthusiasm and passion. These contradictory emotional states elicit an intriguing question: how do these organizations deal with the resulting dilemma of upholding the positive emotions needed for developing outstanding competition projects, while experiencing frustrations likely to undermine enthusiasm and passion? Elite architecture firms have proven to handle this dilemma, and therefore we set out to empirically explore their developed practices. We studied coping practices through embedded case studies at two successful elite architecture firms, which also frequently fail in design competitions. Focusing on contradictory emotions and collective efforts on the organizational level rather than individual dissonances, our findings complement and extend existing literature regarding the role of emotions in organizations as well as collective emotion regulation for maintaining organizations.

The Death of a Friend: Companionship, Loyalty and Affiliation in Chola South India

This article argues that the languages of loyalty and affiliation that marked public and formal relations of service and hierarchy in medieval India, though traditionally understood as thinly veiled pretexts for class exploitation or self-aggrandizement, may instead be interpreted, when combined with other sorts of sources, as elements within a larger ethical landscape where men of rank shared varieties of companionship and intimacy with one another. The article will enter this realm of intimacy through an exploration of the emotions of grief and loss in two strangely parallel Chola-period friendships: one epigraphically documented to the tenth century, and the other recounted in an important contemporary hagiographical tradition. The article argues not only for the importance of male friendship and intimacy in the political and religious life of elites in medieval south India but also suggests that fragmented memories of particular lived experiences between individuals may have been embedded in or triggered by more idealized representations. I hope to suggest that there were not only structures of affect at work in the constitution of male intimacy but also models and paradigms.

“I Hate When They Do That!” Netiquette in Mourning and Memorialization Among Danish Facebook Users

By analyzing online practices of mourning and memorialization on Facebook, this article identifies underlying norms behind Danish Facebook users’ attitudes towards networked grieving and emotional displays on Facebook. Drawing on the concept “context collapse” and Jakoby’s model for social rules of displaying emotions of grief, quantitative and qualitative methods of analysis are combined, through the use of survey techniques and grounded theory. The article helps explain contrasting attitudes to emotional displays on Facebook and significant differences between “netiquettes” of mourning and memorialization. The findings counter popular perceptions of Facebook as a desired online mourning platform.

The Power of the Grieving Mind: Female Lament in Statius’sThebaid

AbstractStatius makes moral agency a pervasive feature of female lamentation in the Thebaid. This contrasts starkly with the preceding epic tradition. Taking a strong stance against the ethical discourse on the emotion of grief reflected in this tradition, Statius reasserts the social value of the emotion of grief and its ritual performance. The madness which makes women’s laments ambivalent is a catalyst enabling them to transgress the limits which would normally restrict their agency. This agency is developed in a vacuum of male values. Making the battle for lamentation the subject of his poem, Statius proposes to us a utopian female alternative to the male dominated epic genre.

How Later Adolescents With Adult Responsibilities Experience HIV Bereavement in Nigeria: Application of a Bereavement Model

Conceptual models assist in the better understanding of phenomena and also in the planning ofeffective responses. We applied the Dual Process Model (DPM) to examine how six later adolescents (ages 18-24 years) experienced the multiple stressors of bereavement, maturational tasks, and caregiving roles. Using a semi-structured interviewing approach, participants who were purposively recruited narrated how parental loss to HIV impacted their lives. In relation to the proposition of the DPM model, the study revealed that participants (a) anticipated grief before the death of their parents, (b) engaged in activities to return to normalcy after parental loss, and (c) neglected grief emotions in order to cope with the demands of caregiving. The application of a model to examine responses to bereavement can assist health care practitioners to appreciate and have a deeper understanding of how best to approach caring interventions for late adolescents with multiple stressors.

Lonely are the brave

Purpose – Highlights the notion of a dominant organizational culture and examines what can happen when this conflicts with an individual employee’s set of beliefs. Design/methodology/approach – Provides examples of employees who have challenged the dominant culture in their organization and considers some of the outcomes. Findings – Investigates how people get caught up in the “need-to-be-liked” syndrome and behave in a manner that causes discomfort, yet continue to do so while occasionally losing sight of strongly held values or perspectives. Practical implications – Tells the stories of individuals who, although their fight for justice involved difficulties and emotional grief, had to take responsibility and focus on the outcome they wanted, basically to continue their personal and professional lives with their heads held high. Originality/value – Recounts cases of individuals who have faced adversity in their work because of them voicing their differences, raising concerns and being treated in a negative manner as a result.

Emotion regulation in bereavement: searching for and finding emotional support in social network sites

In an age of rising impact of online communication in social network sites (SNS), emotional interaction is neither limited nor restricted by time or space. Bereavement extends to the anonymity of cyberspace. What role does virtual interaction play in SNS in dealing with the basic human emotion of grief caused by the loss of a beloved person? The analysis laid out in this article provides answers in light of an interdisciplinary perspective on online bereavement. Relevant lines of research are scrutinized. After laying out the theoretical spectrum for the study, hypotheses based on a prior in-depth qualitative content analysis of 179 postings in three different German online bereavement platforms are proposed and scrutinized in a quantitative content analysis (2127 postings from 318 users). Emotion regulation patterns in SNS and similarities as well as differences in online bereavement of children, adolescents and adults are revealed. Large-scale quantitative findings into central motives, patterns, and restorative effects of online shared bereavement in regulating distress, fostering personal empowerment, and engendering meaning are presented. The article closes with implications for further analysis in memorialization practices.

Validation of the Quality of Dying-Hospice Scale

ContextMeasuring the quality of dying (QOD) experience is important for hospice providers. However, few instruments exist that assess one's QOD; and those that do have not been well validated in hospice. ObjectivesThis study tested the properties of the QOD-Hospice Scale (QOD-Hospice) to provide preliminary validation data on internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity, and factorability in a hospice setting. Additionally, results of the factor analysis were used to create a brief version of the measure. MethodsBereaved informal caregivers who had provided care for a hospice patient were recruited from a large nonprofit hospice. Participants completed post-death surveys, which included the QOD-Hospice and other study measures. Convergent validity was tested by exploring hypothesized associations with related instruments measuring negative emotional states (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21), emotional grief (Texas Revised Inventory of Grief-2), social support (Lubben Social Network Scale-6), and a single-item measure of satisfaction with hospice care. ResultsA total of 70 caregivers participated in the survey (40 primary and 30 secondary caregivers), most of whom were female (67%) and white (81%). The QOD-Hospice produced an alpha of 0.86, an intraclass correlation of 0.49 between caregivers of the same decedent, and was correlated with all measures testing convergent validity (P<0.05; in the hypothesized direction) and most, but not all, subscales. An exploratory factor analysis elicited two factors, Preparation (seven items) and Security (six items), which were combined to create a 13-item version of the scale, the QOD-Hospice-Short Form. ConclusionAlthough further testing of the QOD-Hospice measures is needed, preliminary evidence suggests that the instruments are reliable and valid for use in hospice.

“Numbed with Grief”: Gregory of Nyssa on Bereavement and Hope

How ought we to deal with our embodied existence–-and particularly the emotion of grief–-in the light of the gospel? Gregory of Nyssa (c. 335-c. 395) recognizes the embodied character of our emotional lives, but he refuses to exempt the passion of grief from moral evaluation. While the Cappadocian father is attuned to the powerful role that the emotion of grief plays in our lives, he is also keenly aware of the fallen character of the body and of the problematic character of the passions. For Nyssen, grief and moral theology do not belong to two separate worlds.

Birth mother grief and the challenge of adoption reunion contact.

A large body of work exists on the grief expressed by birth mothers over the loss of their children to adoption. Less is known about the grief emotions that surface when these women are contacted by adopted adults who seek contact relationships. The themes of mourning, grief, and bereavement that emerged in the qualitative interview data of 33 reunited birth mothers indicate more attention be given to these social psychological processes. Suggestions for future research possibilities and implications for clinical practice are explored.

El testimonio. Aportes a la construcción de la memoria histórica

Introduction and objectivesTestimony is a complex act that contributes significantly to the elaboration of mourning, both individually and on a collective level. This is the central idea that is discussed in the text, using as a basis, the results of research conducted as a pilot intervention in the year 2010 for Visible Victims Foundation, and was then replicated in four other regions. In 1998 the National Liberation Army attacked the pipeline OCENSA causing severe damage to the people of Machuca (Segovia, Antioquia). In 2010 the psychologist Ligia Rascovsky implemented an intervention strategy to support the construction of individual and collective memory among survivors of the attack, who, in addition to serious injuries, suffered physical and psychosocial after effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results of this work are used to understand the relevance of the testimony in the psychosocial recovery processes, which is a major challenge for Colombian society today. MethodsThe type of study was psychosocial intervention in 43 adults of both sexes, Machuca residents who were affected by the bombing, and agreed to voluntarily participate in designed workshops. The workshops followed experiential type techniques (psychodrama, psycho-fantasies, etc.), in which the purpose was to identify the damage by developing testimonial memory of what happened. ResultsThe workshops express the emotions of grief, recognize the injustice of suffering, fight memory defense that justifies violence and raising awareness of human rights. It also facilitated the process of dignity, empowerment and security in personal and collective reconstruction. In expressing their memoirs thus, they could be free from fear and gain more confidence in themselves as individuals and as a social group, as seen in the formation of individual leadership. These results are the basis of the discussion presented. ConclusionsIn this context it has been found that the testimonial narrative is an instrument of personal and social healing, as demonstrated in the workshops held with the inhabitants of Machuca, and made with a thousand other people in other locations. The testimony is essential to recognize the dignity and thus reconstruct individual memory from the collective memory. This work provides sufficient testimonial evidence to propose lines of work in the interests of psychosocial policy in order to combine the search for truth and reconstruction of collective memory, along with to the care of victims, and reparation and social reconciliation in Colombia.

Unresolved Suffering Lived Experiences of College Students

Purpose: This study was done to discover the structure of the lived experiences of unresolved suffering of college students and to gather information to develop therapeutic educational interventions for nursing students. Methods: The research question, 'What is the structure of the lived experience of unresolved suffering?' was examined based on Parse's Human becoming research method. Twelve nursing students were recruited from K University. From May, 1 to June 30, 2009, Data were gathered from writings and engagement in dialog. Results: The structure found in the college students' lived experiences of suffering was as follows: negative self-concept from being discriminated and ignored by parents, feelings against people and difficulties in interpersonal relations, feelings of isolation, betrayal, guilt, and loss. Their suffering was emotional grief and social withdrawal from damaged human dignity and low self-esteem from psychological trauma. Conceptual integration found to be in process of transferring the enabling-limiting, connecting-separating values. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop thera- peutic educational interventions for college students for further development as individuals and future health professional by developing awareness of the structure and the meaning of their suffering experience.

Understanding of size constancy in dogs: a new approach to account for novelty effects

s 81 people. To measure emotion recognition, the computer test VERT-K (Vienna Emotion Recognition Tasks) was used to identify the emotion recognition capacity of the participants before and after the twelve weeks training. Statistical analysis included explorative procedures t-tests with repeated measures to analyze the significant changes and effect size calculations. Results show that the highest changes with relevant effect sizes in the adult group concern the correct identification of anger (t (15)522.058, P5 0.028, d5 0.75), neutral facial expression (t (15)522.535, P5 0.011, d5 0.93) as well as the overall number of correctly identified facial expressions (t(15)522.340, P50.017, d50.88). In addition, a decrease in reaction times was documented. The children significantly increased their capacity regarding the recognition of neutral facial expression (t (18)522,412, P5 0.014, d5 0.80), the overall number of correctly identified expressions (t (18) 5 21.950, P5 0.034, d5 0.65) as well as the basic emotions grief (t (18) 5 21.660, P 5 0.057, d 5 0.55) and disgust (t (18) 5 21.656, P 5 0.057, d 5 0.55). Reaction time also decreased significantly. The participants identified more emotions correctly and decreased their reaction time significantly even though ‘‘only’’dog facial/emotional expression is part of the program.

Competitiveness and the emotional essence of a region image

From the behavioural economy point of view, the image of a region becomes more and more important. Image has strong influence on forming the demographic situation, at the level of investment attractiveness and some other aspects of competitiveness of a region. Image is mostly important for tourist business development.Throughout the last fifteen years we have developed methods that enable measuring the emotional essence of images with high objectivity and accuracy. First of all, the given methods are intended for studying the most widespread forms of image – verbal and visual ones. Both techniques exist in the form of computer programmes which provide high speed and enable analysing big amounts of initial data.The emotional spectrum of statements of Kraków visitors (on the materials of English language tourist blogs) contains a relatively high share of emotions of grief, fear and anger. It is possible to assume that for tourists from Central and Western Europe, visiting Kraków is emotionally somehow close to visiting Siberia, both are thought of as “East” for them.On the contrary, the emotional essence of advertising materials is strongly shifted towards emotions of interest and pride. The advertising materials devoted to many other tourist magnets of Europe, America or Asia have similar spectrums. As a result, the image of Kraków is deprived of individuality. Uniqueness of the city is not reflected.The narrow and monotonous emotional spectrum of advertising can push away a potential tourist. The emotional maintenance of advertising materials forms quite certain expectations of a potential buyer (tourist). Discrepancy between the emotions promised by advertising and the real experience leaves an impression of deceit, not justified expectations. In a long-term prospect, such advertising inevitably reduces tourist appeal and competitiveness of the region.

A grief observed: Cicero on remembering Tullia

This paper presents a new analysis concerning the grief of the Roman politician Cicero over the death of his daughter. I argue that existing characterisations suffer either from methodological weaknesses or from a misguided perspective on the appropriateness of the expression of grief emotions. I will suggest that the study of emotion in historical documents can benefit from a comparative analysis: personal accounts of the grieving process by highly literate individuals of the modern age can assist in characterising the nature of Cicero's grief, in particular how it transpires in his correspondence. Some modern insights into the grieving process will also serve as an analytical tool for an accurate description of the grief we find in his works. My analysis will be based mostly on reassessing the evidence in the letters during the early stages of his grief. This paper is part of a larger project (see Baltussen forthcoming-2b, 3) which aims to look at the consolation as a form of (psycho)therapy in antiquity and beyond.