Cooperative Principle Research Articles

AN ANALYSIS OF FLOUTING OF GRICE'S MAXIMS IN SHAZAF FATIMA NOVEL HOW IT HAPPENED: A PRAGMATIC STUDY

This study was conducted to investigate the condition of the change of Grice maxims in novel “How it Happened” by Shazaf Fatima. The reason why the researcher chose this study is because in social discourse it shows the frustration that occurs when each person does not use the intentions in order to persuade his or her audience to find the hidden meaning behind what is being said, that is, the speakers use recording. The main purpose of this study was to find out how flouting travel creates humor and what flouted frequencies are and the reasons behind it. It’s a good lesson that focuses on maximum beat. Details of this study are conversational patterns by different characters to create flouting by using unique contemporary language reflecting humor. Based on the analysis, the results have two points; Preliminary data analysis shows that all types of maxims are shown by all characters. Second, characters use ambiguous and hidden information in the novel from which it shows that the obscure and ridiculous situation is found in the content.

A Pragmo-Semantic Analysis of Colloquial Referring Expressions: A Study in Jordanian Arabic

In language, context is described as the information that is available to participants. For effective communication, participants need to share knowledge and they may use relevant elements that help interactants share common ground, such as a definite article, a definite relative clause or a post-nominal adjective. In certain contexts, a mismatch between the speaker’s target referent and the hearer’s interpretation occurs, which leads to "uncertain referring expressions” and causes distraction for the receiver. This study investigates the role of Givenness Hierarchy Theory in shaping referring expression (RE) choices in Jordanian Arabic (JA) and explains the potential confusion beyond using such REs. Also, the notion of tacit knowledge was employed to analyze the assumed shared knowledge in using such REs. Analysis of the naturally occurring discourse revealed that speakers used indefinite phrases for given referents, such as demonstratives and impersonal items, mitigating religious expressions, the dummy RE: ʃu: ismo, and how are you. The findings also showed that there is an ambiguity in using such expressions, which can be due to flouting the maxim of quantity. In addition, it was noticed that speakers tacitly know more than what they say. The findings contribute to understanding how cognitive principles influence RE selection and extend the applicability of Givenness Hierarchy to Arabic spoken language. The study also identifies potential areas for future research, including the impact of gender and broader cross-linguistic comparisons. Despite limitations in data size, this research highlights significant theoretical and practical implications for linguistic studies on referentiality.

Are the Ideology, Values, Principles, and Identity of Cooperatives Shifting? A Lesson from Indonesia

Cooperatives have been a foundation for the Indonesian economy, however, there is a change in their operations. Therefore, this study aims to comprehend the implementation of university cooperatives toward the dynamic changes and explores the shift in ideology, values, principles, and identity of cooperatives. This study used a qualitative study with a phenomenology approach and involved eight selected informants to be interviewed using semi-structured interviews. The results disclosed that there is cooperatives identity transformation, shifting in cooperative principles, and mutual cooperation practice. In addition, it found challenges in maintaining cooperative ideology and deliberation value in decision-making. Lastly, identity and relevance crises are also the main issues in the majority of cooperatives in Indonesia. The insights gained will enable some parties, including government, academics, practitioners, and members to jointly revitalize the cooperative spirit, and ideological substance, and assert its relevant values.

VIETNAMESE LAW ON ENTERPRISES’ RIGHT OF UNILATERAL TERMINATION OF LABOR CONTRACTS

Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate the law regulating labor relations in the above context need to be considered from all angles to ensure that the interests of employees are in harmony with the interests of enterprises, in accordance with the objective developments of the labor market, employment, and in accordance with international labor standards, with the aim of the scope of work and labor value will be more transparent and effective, avoiding abuses that violate the rights of employees. Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the main concepts and theories that underpin the research are presented contractual relationship are based on the principles of voluntariness, goodwill, equality, and cooperation; unilateral termination of labor contracts must comply with the agreement on the applicable conditions and be in accordance with the provisions of law stand out, providing a solid basis for understanding the context of the investigation. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises analysis and evaluation, clarifying the provisions of Vietnamese law, and simultaneously uses the problem of methodological research through trial practice in Court. Data collection was carried out through collecting legal provisions related to the topic, labor contracts transacted by businesses and dispute resolution decisions of competent Court agencies. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed The above studies are evidence that regulations under Vietnamese law have expanded the concept of labor relations and forms of labor contracts, contributing to strengthening labor responsibility for businesses. Actual law also demonstrates the strict binding of legal conditions for enterprises to unilaterally terminate labor contracts, especially procedures for notifying employees of labor contract termination. In the discussion section, these results are contextualized in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications and relationships identified. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are discussed, providing insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of industrial relation. These implications could encompass legitimate rights and interests of workers and businesses. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by resolving the newly emerging labor relations, meeting the needs of the vibrant, diverse, and complex labor market. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the right to unilaterally terminate labor contracts of enterprises has been enhanced and tightened by lawmakers. However, the rights of laborers are still guaranteed in the direction of freely choosing jobs that are suitable for their profession and field.

Harmony of individual and collective values is the basis of spiritual and intellectual upbringing of a creative personality

In today's world, social challenges, such as the rise of individualism or the desire for uniformity in a team, affect the way we form our personalities. On the one hand, the culture of self-realization and success often encourages selfishness and competition, which can lead to social isolation and problems in interpersonal relationships. On the other hand, an excessive focus on collective values and standards that negate individuality suppresses a person's unique talents and intrinsic motivation. In the context of globalization, digitalization, and rapid social change, the balance between individual development and the ability to cooperate is becoming critical to fostering a personality capable of adapting to the challenges of the 21st century while maintaining internal integrity and flexibility. The harmony of individual and collective aspects of human life implies both personal development and integration into the social environment. It is important for a person to be able to develop his or her unique abilities while maintaining a sense of belonging to a group, as this strengthens his or her internal resources and contributes to successful self-expression. Only a harmonious combination of individual and collective development will allow a person to unleash his or her creative abilities. The choice between egoism and collectivism equally inhibits human development and self-realization. The development of cooperation is the way to harmony between the individual and the collective. Cooperative and partnership relations create favorable conditions for achieving acme. They provide knowledge exchange, support and motivation, enhance creativity, develop communication skills and expand the network of contacts. Thanks to these aspects, an individual has a better chance of realizing their potential and achieving maximum results in life. In today's world, which faces numerous challenges, such as social exclusion, conflict, inequality and environmental issues, a cooperative approach is becoming critical for the harmonious development of the individual. Supporting this approach not only contributes to the formation of socially responsible citizens, but also ensures the creation of a healthy social environment in which everyone can realize their potential. The cooperative approach is based on the principles of mutual respect, cooperation and support, which allows individuals to interact with each other, taking into account both their own and collective needs. This creates conditions for the development of personal qualities such as empathy, tolerance and responsibility, which are key to effective coexistence in society.

A Pragmatic Study of Hyperbolic Forms in English and Iraqi Arabic Songs

The current study deals with hyperbole which makes use of exaggeration to convey a specific idea. Songs often employ exaggerated language to evoke powerful feelings or conjure up vivid pictures. However, they should not be interpreted literally. When it comes to songs, hyperbole is one of the most significant figurative tropes common to most languages. Since it is common in everyday speech across a variety of speech communities, its primary goal is to stress the singer’s or the speakers' points of view, emotions, sentiments, attitudes, and thoughts. This study aims at investigating hyperbole to see how the form of hyperbole varies in English and Iraqi Arabic songs; how they violate the Gricean Maxims, and how they function in songs. This is done using a qualitative method depending on an eclectic model at two levels: form and function. Data is collected by downloading songs from YouTube with a highly view rate and eliciting selected hyperbolic expression in six songs; four hyperbolic expressions from each language. The results indicated that Iraqi songs use the hyperbolic form of comparison and repetition more than English do, though both English and Iraqi songs violate the quality maxim, the latter also violate manner and relation maxims, as for the function,both use the hyperbole to denote emphasis and the English songs stress the function of surprise and vagueness heavily.

Multimodalities and Conversational Implicature in Cross-Cultural Pragmatic Context: A Systematic Review

This study explores the intersection of multimodal communication and conversational implicature in cross-cultural pragmatic contexts through a systematic literature review. Pragmatics, a branch of linguistics emphasizing the dynamic interaction between language and context, often involves inferential processes that extend beyond literal interpretation. The review synthesizes research published between 2020 and 2024, focusing on multimodalities and conversational implicature in American, Indonesian, and Chinese contexts. Key findings highlight the diverse applications of pragmatics theories, such as Grice’s Cooperative Principle, in examining verbal and non-verbal communication. Studies reviewed investigate contexts ranging from sitcoms, political debates, and humorous dialectal speech to educational methodologies leveraging implicature for language learning. Emerging themes include the pedagogical implicature to enhance students’ pragmatic competence, particularly in understanding implicit meanings and cultural nuances. Additionally, the review underscores the role of multimodal resources, incorporating visual and auditory cues, to support pragmatic awareness. The findings demonstrate that conversational implicature, whether generalized or particularized, varies significantly across cultures, reflecting distinct communication styles and social norms. This variation emphasizes the importance of integrating cultural sensitivity into language education. The review concludes with pedagogical recommendations, advocating the incorporation of multimodal materials and authentic language use to foster critical thinking, cultural adaptability, and effective communication skills. Overall, this systematic review offers valuable insights into the role of multimodal communication and conversational implicature in shaping cross-cultural interactions, providing a foundation for further research and practical applications in language teaching and intercultural communication.

Less is More? Exploring Cultural Implicature in Emotive Communication: A Case Study of 'Xihuan' in Chinese Literature

This study investigates the emotive communication patterns associated with the term "xihuan" (like) in Mandarin Chinese and evaluates the applicability of Grice's maxims within the context of Chinese culture. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research draws data from contemporary Chinese literature and utilizes both qualitative content analysis and pragmatic analysis to examine how "xihuan" is pragmatically employed to express affection. The findings reveal a cultural preference among Chinese speakers for restrained emotional expression, influenced by an interdependent self-construal and a cultural emphasis on face preservation. Furthermore, the study identifies instances where speakers intentionally flout Grice's maxims, thereby infusing their communication with emotional significance. These subtle violations are enacted and perceived in contextually and culturally specific ways, enabling the transmission of emotive cues. To elucidate these nuances, the concept of cultural implicature is introduced, demonstrating how speakers convey profound emotional meaning through understated expressions that align with cultural norms favoring subtlety over overt emotional displays. In conclusion, this research enhances the understanding of emotive communication in Mandarin Chinese by highlighting the interaction between cultural norms and pragmatic mechanisms. It contributes to the fields of cross-linguistic and cross-cultural studies by emphasizing the role of cultural factors in shaping language use and emotional expression.

Peran Mahasantri dan Alumni Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari dalam Program Pengabdian di Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang

Ma'had Aly has the ability to establish and develop its own curriculum, guided by core, main, and supporting competencies based on classical texts and assessable using Credit Units (SKS). Additionally, the curriculum of Ma'had Aly must include materials on research implementation and community service. The purpose of this research is to investigate the community service program of Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari and the roles of students (mahasantri) and alumni within the program at Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. The research method employed is qualitative, involving data collection, data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The research findings indicate that in its implementation, Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari, as a higher education institution, has fulfilled the principles of community service, including institutional principles, the principles of practical knowledge (ilmu amaliah) and scientific action (amal ilmiah), cooperation principles, sustainability principles, as well as educational and developmental principles. The roles of Mahasantri in the community service program at Ma’had Aly Hasyim Asy’ari in Pesantren Tebuireng include being mentors, administrators, and instructors. Mahasantri in the community service program can carry out three main roles: social control, an iron stock (strong successor generation), and moral force (exemplars). However, the role as an agent of change has not been fully realized, as the community service program only serves as a support rather than a pioneering force.

Politeness in Acculturation: How Power Dynamics Shape Intercommunication Between Chinese and Western Culture

This research focuses on the attempts of individuals at different social levels within Chinese and Western cultural backgrounds to communicate and collaborate harmoniously. Based on the politeness principle proposed by American professor Grace, the research will explore the specific application in both China and Western cultures from three dimensions: hierarchical relations on honorifics and conditional sentences, implicatures and indirectness in a turn-taking. In detail, the research applies Jenny Thomas’s theoretical framework on Leech’s conversational maxims and the four factors influencing directness and aspires to examine and investigate the differentiated applications of the politeness principle in specific cultural dynamics. The researcher will examine dialogues in four classical texts such as King Lear, Pride and Prejudice, Dream of the Red Chamber and A New Accounts of Tales, alongside with the views of different scholars across the globe from different disciplinary angles. Ultimately, the research aims to provide theoretical insights for enhancing communication among multilingual talents in the post-pandemic era. These insights could facilitate more effective interactions and collaborations in an increasingly interconnected and acculturated world. Through this analysis, the researcher aims to bridge cultural divides and promote effective dialogue across diverse international business and social settings.

Violating Maxims, Preserving Harmony: Pragmatic Strategies in Arabic Humor on Instagram Reels

Humor plays a vital role in human communication, serving complex social functions, especially within the Arab cultural context. This study aims to analyze the pragmatic aspects of Arabic humor by examining violations of cooperative principles and politeness strategies found in humorous dialogues. It focuses on pragmatic analysis based on Grice's cooperative principle and Brown and Levinson's politeness theory. These theoretical frameworks are particularly relevant to Arabic humor given the culture's strong emphasis on indirect communication and face-saving practices in social interactions. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the research analyzes ten humorous dialogues from Instagram Reels shared by the user @taraef_alarab. The study reveals that Arabic humor's effectiveness often lies in the intentional violation of the maxims of relation and quantity, along with the sophisticated use of politeness strategies to navigate sensitive situations, particularly within family and marital contexts. These findings confirm that humor serves as a social mechanism, allowing for the discussion of sensitive topics in a culturally acceptable manner. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the pragmatic role of humor in intercultural communication and provides an analytical framework for studying humor within the Arab socio-cultural context.

DIGITAL RESOURCE CURSE IN THE CONTEXT OF DATAFICATION: ESSAYS ON THE NEW DIGITAL INTERNATIONAL DIVISION OF LABOR

The purpose of the study is to generalize approaches to the interpretation of the categories of “inequality of opportunities” in order to use the results obtained for theoretical modeling of the essence of the concept of “digital inequality”, which will allow introducing the concepts of “digital resource curse” and “digital international division of labor”. The article is based on the hypothesis of the absolutization of the phenomenon of transnationalization under the influence of digital transformation. It is argued that established approaches to the stratification of countries in the world economic hierarchy according to their absolute and comparative advantages have lost their relevance. The digital space of cooperation changes the structure of participants, where the “country” will act not so much as an actor, but rather as a provider of a universal resource to large technology companies, which, using their ability to transform digital platforms into digital ecosystems and transform digital platforms into digital markets, will act as new managers of information rent, global in their status, in conditions of hyper-competition. The concept of “data colonialism” consolidates the entire process of extraction, collection and appropriation of data by large digital platforms in order to make a profit, while using the strategy of economies of scale as a fundamental competitive advantage. Platform transactions further contribute to the expansion of the market power of platforms both in the domestic market and on a global scale. In this 21st century version of “data colonialism,” big tech companies benefit from global digital colonization, giving rise to the outdated division of countries into “rich North” and “poor South” and introducing the category of “digital resource curse.” The concepts of “complete digital market” and “incomplete digital market” are introduced. Digital data allows us to talk about the emergence of a new form of capital-digital capital-as a multilevel phenomenon, which allowed us to identify five forms of its manifestation. The peculiarity of the digital resource curse lies in the inability of the information carrier to control information as a source of potential information rent. Accordingly, the process of transforming information rent into intellectual rent is blocked, when knowledge becomes a special form of resource that allows, when used correctly, to generate excess profits obtained from the use of reproducible, non-exploitation of natural resources, intellectual factors of production, primarily intellectual capital. By analogy with the stage of industrial transformations, production that can use the effect of scale is always more productive compared to those to which this advantage is not available. Digitalization brings this principle of economic cooperation to extreme manifestations: companies in countries with incomplete digital markets are at a disadvantage compared to companies in countries with complete digital markets due to the factor of internal limitations in terms of (in)efficiency of data scaling.

FLOUTING MAXIM ON FOOTBALL PLAYERS UTTERANCES IN DUBAI EYE 103.8 SPORT PODCAST

This study explored the phenomenon of maxim flouting in the utterances of John Terry and Ashley Cole during the Dubai Eye 103.8 Sports Podcast. It tried to describe flouting maxims by John Terry in the podcast and the similarities and differences between the flouting maxim in the utterances of John Terry and Ashley Cole. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed to analyze and interpret the data, utilizing Grice's (1975) theory of conversational maxims as the theoretical framework to explain instances of maxim flouting in the cooperative principle observed in the speakers' utterances. Data collection was conducted through document analysis. The findings revealed that John Terry's utterances contained several instances of maxim flouting: 25 occurrences of flouting the maxim of quantity (64.8%), 1 instance of flouting the maxim of quality (3.7%), 8 instances of flouting the maxim of relation (20.7%), and 4 instances of flouting the maxim of manner (10.8%). In contrast, Ashley Cole's utterances included 21 occurrences of flouting the maxim of quantity (80.7%), 2 instances each of flouting the maxims of quality and relation (7.7% each), and 1 instance of flouting the maxim of manner (3.9%). The study also identified a key similarity: both speakers predominantly flouted the maxim of quantity in their utterances. However, a notable difference was observed in the frequency and distribution of the flouted maxims between the two speakers. Keyword: flouting maxim, cooperative principle, podcast, pragmatics

Technological Cooperation and Equality as the Development of the Concept of Technological Sovereignty

Modern technologies, especially the digital ones, have made serious changes to the existing world order. The use of technology as an instrument of economic and political influence by the largest transnational corporations and their states of origin has influenced the growing popularity of the concept of technological sovereignty. However, despite the allure of this concept, it is limited by the resources of the state. In this regard, the logical question is – what is next? The author’s position is based on the fact that the technological sovereignty of the states will gradually transform into the concept of technological cooperation based on the principles of technological equality of the states, considered as equality in terms of technology ownership. To confirm the hypothesis, a theoretical model of joint ownership of intellectual property objects by the states is proposed. The analysis of the model from the point of view of the Russian law, EU and EAEU regulations shows its fundamental feasibility. The model, as an instrument of the concept of equality and cooperation, does not show serious contradictions with the existing institutions, but the introduction of state technologies into the composition of the main rights holders changes its quality. It becomes not only a mechanism for the protection of property rights, but also a political and economic mechanism, a mechanism of interstate relations. The model shows the possibilities of forming of the collective technological sovereignty by friendly states, reducing technological dependence on the largest TNCs and their states of origin, and can be considered as a principle of international technological cooperation for the new economic model of Russia.

Cooperation: Conceptual Guidelines for Communication and Interpretation

Cooperation is an essential behaviour for the good of social life – when people cooperate they share knowledge, ideas, beliefs, values, actions. With special focus on the conceptual reflexes of the term, our aim is to problematize cooperation, in complementarity, in two areas of knowledge pertaining to the philological field: pragmatics and narrative semiotics. From the perspective of pragmatics, we will investigate the standards and principles of cooperation in the act of communication with the view to accounting for the inferential mechanism that bridges the gap between what is said and what is meant. Switching perspective and applying the framework of narrative semiotics, we will account for the strategies of interpretive cooperation that ensure the success of text interpretation. Putting the concept of cooperation back on the theoretical agenda is all the more relevant as the needs to understand and accept the differences between individuals, communities, and cultures become more and more stringent in the contemporary world if we are to safeguard such values as dialogue, tolerance or respect.

Потенціал кооперативних ідей М. Туган-Барановського для фінансування повоєнної відбудови агросектору

The subject of the research is the state of financing of the agricultural sector in the pre-war and war period of 2013–2022. The topic of the research is an assessment of the potential of individual provisions of the theory of cooperation by M. Tugan-Baranovsky in facilitating the financing of the post-war restoration of the agricultural sector. The goal is to characterize the state of financing of the agricultural sector and the possibility of its improvement for post-war restoration by taking into account the main postulates of the theory of cooperation by M. Tugan-Baranovsky. The study attempts to reveal the potential of cooperative ideas in conjunction with the solution of urgent problems of ensuring the sustainability and diversification of sources of financing for agricultural production. The calculations given are made for enterprises according to code A, KVED-2010. The source base of the research is the works of M. Tugan-Baranovsky and modern scientists studying his legacy. General scientific methods of cognition are used, such as dialectical, systemic, bibliographic methods, analysis and synthesis, and statistical analysis, tabular and graphical generalization. The results of the study include various proposals for the application of individual components of the theory of cooperation for the restoration of the agricultural sector in terms of joint formation of financial resources within industry clusters and the structure of their sources. It is established that in the conditions of war, the theory of agricultural cooperation of M. Tugan-Baranovsky developed by him based on a macroeconomic analysis for small peasant farms, receives favorable conditions for in-depth development in terms of mutual support of agricultural producers, and the formation of value chains with the participation of financial intermediaries, in particular international ones. Thus, production cooperation, supplemented by clusters with financial centers, and targeted financial and resource international assistance will contribute to the implementation of social values of mutual assistance, underlying the cooperative theory. At the same time, all participants in the cooperation process receive their rewards: producers, thanks to support in the form of grants, subsidies, concessional loans, improve their financial condition, the state receives an increase in macro indicators that depend on the condition of the agricultural sector, and international partners receive confidence in the fulfillment of Ukraine's international obligations, and agricultural exports thus supporting the global food security. A possible area of application of the research results is to justify the choice of strategy for the post-war restoration of the agricultural sector in terms of financial regulation based on cooperative principles of activities and human-centric guidelines, which are key in M. Tugan-Baranovsky’s economic theory.

An Analysis of the Observance of the Cooperative Principle Maxims in Selected Kenyan Courts of Law

In legal settings, such as courts of law, the observance of the Cooperative Principle (CP) is particularly crucial. Maxim observance, according to the cooperative principle developed by philosopher H. P. Grice, is a concept in the field of pragmatics and linguistics that explains how people engage in effective communication by following certain conversational norms and expectations. Paul Grice proposed the cooperative principle, which is divided into four maxims (manner, quantity, quality and relation), as a framework for understanding how people convey meaning in conversation. Hence, using the Gricean cooperative principle, this paper seeks to examine the observance of the Cooperative Principle maxims in Selected Kenyan Courts of Law. This study used a total of 12 cases collected during the examinations and cross examinations phases of the selected courtroom trials. Data was analyzed from the 12 purposively sampled cases to show the instances of occurrence of the observance of the CP maxim. The study discovered that there was adherence to the CP maxims. The maxim of manner was observed the most, followed by the maxim of quantity, quality then relation during courtroom interactions, particularly in the examination and cross-examination phases thus the principles of fairness, justice, and professionalism were upheld.

Relevance Theory and Irony

The scientific article aims at elucidating Relevance theory, put forward by Dan Sperber and Deirdre Wilson in 1986, within the context of cognitive science and linguistics. It focuses on cognitive and communicative principles, its difference from Grice's cooperative principle and its role in deciphering irony by means of echoic expressions. The theory of relevance is set forth through key aspects such as cognitive and communicative principles, contextual effects, processing efforts, and its role in decoding irony through echoic expressions. The objective of the scientific article is to provide a detailed analysis of Relevance theory, underscoring its advantages over Grice's cooperative principle and its applicability in deciphering irony. The article centers on displaying how relevance theory strikes the balance of contextual effects and processing efforts, making communication more predictable and comprehensible. In addition, it targets at displaying how echoic expressions allow for comprehending ironic utterances and shape relationships between conversationalists. Main provisions of the article: Relevance is determined through the balance between contextual effects and processing efforts required to process information. A message is considered more relevant when it generates significant contextual effects with minimal processing efforts. Unlike the Cooperative principle, which calls for high cooperation and adherence to all maxims (Quality, Quantity, Manner, Relation), relevance theory centers on attaining mutual understanding without the need for excessive details. Irony is viewed as a form of echoic utterance, where the addresser echoes a thought or utterance with a critique or disapproving attitude. The addressee is required to identify the contrast between the literal meaning and the addresser’s attitude, making the ironic message relevant through its layered interpretation. This approach allows for a profound comprehension of irony beyond merely implying the opposite meaning.

Pragmatic Analysis of Flouting Maxim in Romantic Dialogue: A Case Study of Dilan 1990

Dilan 1990 is a popular Indonesian film known for its romantic dialogue and engaging narrative. This study analyzes the use of flirtatious remarks within the film through Grice's Cooperative Principle, focusing specifically on the concept of flouting his four maxims: Quantity, Quality, Relevance, and Manner. The analysis reveals that the maxim of Relevance is most frequently flouted (18 instances, 32%), followed by Quantity (17 instances, 30%), Quality (15 instances, 26%), and Manner (7 instances, 12%). This pattern suggests that the characters prioritize emotional expressiveness and romantic appeal over strict adherence to conversational norms. The flirtatious remarks often manipulate language strategically to heighten romantic tension and evoke humor, which significantly contributes to the film’s charm and cultural resonance. These findings provide valuable insights into the pragmatic strategies of flouting used in romantic discourse and their impact on viewer engagement and narrative effectiveness, highlighting the complexities of youthful romance.

A Pragmatic Analysis of the Lexical Choices Used in Divorce Scenes of Pakistani TV Dramas

This study explores the pragmatic implications of lexical choices in divorce-related dialogues in Pakistani TV dramas, analyzing their adherence to Grice’s Cooperative Principles. Dialogues from five popular TV dramas aired between 2020 and 2024 were examined using a qualitative research. The analysis focused on violations of conversational maxims, particularly those of quality and manner, to uncover the implicatures that reinforce patriarchal ideologies. The findings reveal that these dramas often depict divorce as a tool for control and humiliation, with lexical choices perpetuating negative stereotypes of women as subservient and disposable. Dialogues frequently flout maxims to create implied meanings that normalise male dominance and diminish female agency, positioning women as passive recipients of societal control. This language underscores hierarchical family structures, with men exerting authority and women bearing the blame for marital discord. By highlighting the media's significant role in shaping societal attitudes, this study underscores the urgent need for responsible portrayals of sensitive topics like divorce. It advocates for balanced narratives that challenge regressive gender roles and promote gender equality. This research contributes to the discourse on language, media, and gender, emphasizing the power of lexical choices in shaping cultural norms and public perceptions.