Grey Literature Search Research Articles

Investigating the readability of test code

ContextThe readability of source code is key for understanding and maintaining software systems and tests. Although several studies investigate the readability of source code, there is limited research specifically on the readability of test code and related influence factors.ObjectiveIn this paper, we aim at investigating the factors that influence the readability of test code from an academic perspective based on scientific literature sources and complemented by practical views, as discussed in grey literature.MethodsFirst, we perform a Systematic Mapping Study (SMS) with a focus on scientific literature. Second, we extend this study by reviewing grey literature sources for practical aspects on test code readability and understandability. Finally, we conduct a controlled experiment on the readability of a selected set of test cases to collect additional knowledge on influence factors discussed in practice.ResultsThe result set of the SMS includes 19 primary studies from the scientific literature for further analysis. The grey literature search reveals 62 sources for information on test code readability. Based on an analysis of these sources, we identified a combined set of 14 factors that influence the readability of test code. 7 of these factors were found in scientific and grey literature, while some factors were mainly discussed in academia (2) or industry (5) with only limited overlap. The controlled experiment on practically relevant influence factors showed that the investigated factors have a significant impact on readability for half of the selected test cases.ConclusionOur review of scientific and grey literature showed that test code readability is of interest for academia and industry with a consensus on key influence factors. However, we also found factors only discussed by practitioners. For some of these factors we were able to confirm an impact on readability in a first experiment. Therefore, we see the need to bring together academic and industry viewpoints to achieve a common view on the readability of software test code.

Nutrition care for older adults with delirium: A scoping review.

This scoping review aimed to identify and map the available information on the nutrition care process in older adults with delirium to analyse and summarise key concepts, and gaps, including the barriers and enablers to providing nutrition care for this group. Scoping review. This review was conducted in accordance with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews. Published and grey sources in English were considered. Databases searched were CINAHL, Medline, Embase, JBI Evidence-based Practice, Scopus, ProQuest and Google. The initial search was conducted from October 2021 to March 2022 and repeated in October 2023. The database search identified 1561 articles, 186 underwent full-text review and 17 articles were included. The grey literature search identified eight articles. Malnutrition and delirium were identified as mutually reinforcing, and nutrition strategies were included as part of multicomponent interventions for delirium management. There was no mention of barriers or enablers to nutrition care and minimal descriptive or empirical data available to guide nutrition care processes in this group. This scoping review revealed a need for further research into nutrition care processes in older patients with delirium, in particular the barriers and enablers, to inform appropriate management strategies in this vulnerable group. Providing nutrition care for older patients with delirium is important and further practical guidance could help patients, healthcare staff and families. This scoping review yielded instructive data suggesting that delirium is an important risk factor for malnutrition and vice versa, which leads to poor patient and health service outcomes. This scoping review adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines and used the Preferred Reporting Items For Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). No patient or public contribution.

Soil macrofauna under coffee trees in Brazil: a systematic review

Soil macrofauna provides important ecosystem services. The imbalance of soil biodiversity influences the functions and services that sustain life on the planet, soil quality and the production of agricultural crops. In this sense, it was aimed to perform a systematic review with the macrofauna soil theme in coffee makers in Brazil. The systematic review was performed following the center's guidelines and guidelines and guidelines. All consultations were held from September 2022 to November 2022. The search was performed through the following databases: Theses Bank – Capes, Digital Library, CAB ABSTRACTS, Science Springerlink, Scielo, Science (AAS), ScienceDirect, Nature and Web of Science). The search for gray literature (Google Scholar) was also performed. The search for literature recovered 16 articles, 01 dissertation and 01 summary, these studies contemplated eight Brazilian states, two biomes, two species of coffee. The registration of occurrence of Brazilian macrofauna allowed to verify a wealth of 26 taxonomic groups. The greatest epigeous wealth was verified for the State of Minas Gerais (22, n = 3) and edaphic for the state of Rondônia (25, n = 3). Not all studies perform the edaphic and epigeous evaluation and do not have the same collection pattern which makes an integrative evaluation of the system difficult. Considering the ecosystem services offered by soil macrofauna and wealth recovered in soils under coffee, results signal that coffee culture provides an environment in habitable soil (habitat and food), especially in depth, allowing it to permanence. Such information presents a potential bias for biodiversity conservation in coffee growing.

New technological developments in medical education

Introduction: Medical education is a rapidly evolving field, necessitating adaptation to shifts in student demographics and societal needs. Balancing the demand for more healthcare providers must be accompanied by a focus on maintaining the quality of education. As certain conventional teaching methods lose favour, there is a continuous influx of new technologies that can be harnessed for the education of future doctors.
 Purpose of the study: The objective of this study was to gather and analyse literature on the utilization of new technologies in medical education and their influence on students, educators, and the overall quality of medical instruction.
 Material and methods: A review of the literature available on PubMed and a grey literature search was performed. We used such keywords like: “medical education”, “physician training”, “medical students”, “technology”, “elearning”, “new learning methods”. We also applied Bolean logical operators such as “AND”, “OR”. 
 Results: Examining the gathered publications leads to the conclusion that a variety of new technologies are being employed in medical education, such as e-learning, telehealth, and virtual or augmented reality. While some function as alternatives to existing methods, others introduce entirely novel approaches. In general, these new technologies positively impact education by enhancing outcomes, increasing accessibility to education, and reducing the costs associated with the teaching process.
 Conclusions: The integration of emerging technologies has become essential in the preparation of future medical professionals. Despite the overall positive impact, there are apprehensions regarding potential long-term consequences for healthcare delivery. Subsequent studies are crucial to assess lasting effects, delving into how the integration of technology may shape the skills of healthcare professionals over time.

A Scoping Review to Find Reliable Smile Analysis Method

Background The smile is one of the most fundamental facial expressions, used to convey friendship, agreement, and admiration. There are various smile analysis method available. Objective The aim of this scoping review to find most reliable smile analysis method. Which smile analysis method is most reliable and accurate while assessing the smile of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment? Design An electronic search was executed on PUBMED, Cochrane, SCOPUS, hand search was made on google scholar and references of the articles selected. Keyword used while searching the databases as “((smile analysis) AND methods) AND comparison.” Results A preliminary search of databases and grey literature yielded 525 articles. Following the application of the eligibility criteria, 16 articles were included. Conclusion With the use of latest technologies and knowledge in literature, a clinician can correctly identify the problem, assess the treatment need and give a satisfactory outcome to the patient.

Can "Stop The Bleed" training courses for laypersons improve hemorrhage control knowledge, skills, and attitudes? A systematic review.

In many regions of the world, most trauma deaths occur within 1-2 h of injury due to uncontrolled bleeding. For this reason, training lay first-person responders in trauma care, focusing on hemorrhage control, has been recommended. We hypothesized that STOP THE BLEED(STB) training courses that teach laypersons how to stop traumatic compressible bleeding immediately are needed to potentially prevent deaths due to hemorrhage. This systematic review will analyze the effect of the STB training course on the knowledge, skill, and attitudes of lay first-person responders for hemorrhage control. PubMed and Google Scholar databases were used to identify relevant peer-reviewed research articles describing evaluations of STB courses for laypersons from December 1 2013 to October 31 2022. In addition, a hand search of article references was undertaken. Studies were included if they implemented the STBcourse; trainees were laypersons, and the study had some outcome measures such as knowledge, skill, confidence gained, and willingness to provide or utilization of care provided to and outcomes of trauma patients. The database searches yielded 2,893 unique papers. We retained 33 articles for full-text review, resulting in 24 eligible papers. Gray literature and manual searches yielded 11 additional publications for a total of 35 studies. The most reported finding was a statistically significant increase in hemorrhage control knowledge or tourniquet application skills in 26 studies. Twenty-two studies reported statistically significant improvements in willingness, confidence, comfort, and likelihood to respond to a bleeding patient, and 6 studies reported substantial reductions in the retention of bleeding control knowledge or skills. Only one study reported on the effect on patient outcomes. STB courses for laypersons have demonstrated significant improvements in knowledge, skill, confidence, and willingness to intervene to stop traumatic exsanguination. The evaluation of clinically relevant patient outcomes, specifically their effect on preventable deaths from traumatic exsanguination, is needed to strengthen further the evidence behind the recommendations for more widespread teaching of "STB" courses.

Mental health indicators for children and adolescents in OECD countries: a scoping review.

This scoping review is a further step to build up the Mental Health Surveillance System for Germany. It summarizes and analyzes indicators used or described in Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries for public mental health monitoring in children and adolescents aged 0-18 years. We searched PubMed-MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Cochrane Databases, and Google Scholar from 2000 to September 2022. The search used five general keyword categories: 1) "indicators/monitoring/surveillance" at the population level, 2) "mental/psychological," 3) "health/disorders," 4) "children and adolescents," and 5) 38 OECD countries. The search was complemented with an extensive grey literature search, including OECD public health institutions and an internet search using Google. A predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria was applied. Over 15,500 articles and documents were screened (scientific search N = 10,539, grey literature search more than 5,000). More than 700 articles and documents have been full-text assessed, with 382 being ultimately included. Out of 7,477 indicators extracted, an initial set of 6,426 indicators met our inclusion criteria for indicators. After consolidating duplicates and similar content, this initial set was categorized into 19 topics, resulting in a final set of 210 different indicators. The analysis highlighted an increasing interest in the topic since 2008, but indicators for the younger age, particularly those aged 0 to 2 years, were less readily available. Our research provides a comprehensive understanding of the current state of mental health indicators for children and adolescents, identifying both (1) indicators of public mental health noted in a previous scoping review on adults and (2) new indicators specific to this age group. These findings contribute to the development of effective public health surveillance strategies for children and adolescents and inform future research in this field.

Redevelopment of mental health first aid guidelines for substance use problems: a Delphi study

BackgroundSubstance use problems have a major impact on the physical and mental health of individuals, families and communities. Early intervention may have a positive effect on recovery and treatment outcomes for those with substance use problems, reducing related risk and harm. Separate mental health first aid guidelines on how a member of the public could assist someone experiencing or developing alcohol use and drug use problems in high income Western countries were developed using Delphi expert consensus in 2009 and 2011, respectively. This study aimed to synthesise and update these two original guidelines to reflect current evidence and best practice.MethodsThe Delphi expert consensus method was used to determine the inclusion of statements in the redeveloped guidelines. A questionnaire was developed using previously endorsed helping statements from the original guidelines on alcohol and drug use problems, as well as relevant content identified in systematic searches of academic and grey literature. Three panels of experts (people with lived experience, support people and professionals) rated statements over three consecutive online survey rounds to determine the importance of their inclusion in the guidelines. Statements endorsed by at least 80% of each panel were included.Results103 panellists completed all three survey rounds. They rated 469 statements and endorsed 300 of these for inclusion in the redeveloped guidelines.ConclusionsThis study has developed a broader and more comprehensive set of guidelines for how to support a person experiencing or developing a substance use problem. The redeveloped guidelines provide more detail on knowledge about and recognition of substance use problems, approaching and assisting people who want to change or are not ready to change, harm reduction, community-based supports and professional help, but have less on physical first aid actions. Mental Health First Aid International will use these guidelines in future updates of their training courses.

Scoping review of current challenges and circumstances impacting Indigenous applications to Canadian medical schools.

Considering the relevant 2015 Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommendations, this paper reviews the current state of Canadian medical schools' Indigenous admissions processes and explores continued barriers faced by Indigenous applicants. A summary of literature illustrating disadvantages for Indigenous applicants of current admissions tools is presented. A grey literature search of current admissions requirements, interview processes, and other relevant data from each medical school was performed. Tables comparing differences in their approaches are included. A calculation of Indigenous access to medical school seats compared to the broader Canadian population was conducted. Gaps in execution are explored, culminating in a table of recommendations. Despite formal commitments to reduce barriers, Indigenous applicants to medical school in Canada still face barriers that non-Indigenous applicants do not. Most programs use tools for admission known to disadvantage Indigenous applicants. Indigenous applicants do not have equitable access to medical school seats. Facilitated Indigenous stream processes first ensure Indigenous applicants meet all minimum requirements of Canadian students, and then require further work. Seven years after the Truth and Reconciliation Commission called on Canadian universities and governments to train more Indigenous health care providers, there has been limited progress to reduce the structural disadvantages Indigenous students face when applying to medical school. Based on best practices observed in Canada and coupled with relevant Indigenous-focused literature, recommendations are made for multiple stakeholders. The study was limited by the data available on numbers of Indigenous applicants and matriculants. Where available, data are not encouraging as to equitable access to medical school for Indigenous populations in Canada. These findings were presented at the International Congress of Academic Medicine 2023 Conference, April 2023, Quebec City, Canada.

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Aseptic, Atraumatic, Medically Refractory Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: aSystematic Review.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) follows asevere clinical course in 13.5% of cases. Practice guidelines recommend endovascular therapy (EVT); no randomised control trials (RCTs) exist comparing EVTs. To determine whether specific EVTs are superior to alternatives. CENTRAL, Medline, Embase, five other databases and four clinical trials registers. Grey literature searches, reference checking, citation searching, and author contact. All CVST cases treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) were includible. Paediatric, and trauma-related or infection-related thromboses were excluded. Standard Cochrane review procedures. Primary outcome measures; clinical efficacy (modified Rankin Score, mRS), technical efficacy (recanalisation), and clinical safety (procedure-related complications and death). Subgroup analyses were performed, comparing outcome measures between demographic groups, clinico-radiological severity, interventional strategies, and degrees of recanalisation. In this study 124 papers were included (n = 486). All patients underwent MT, with 69.5% of patients receiving concomitant chemolysis. New/expanding intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) occurred in 5.1%; non-haemorrhagic complications in 1.4%; 10.7% died. Predictors of poor efficacy included age ≥ 55years, altered mental status (AMS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) < 8. Predictive of poor safety outcomes included pre-existing ICH, deep system thrombosis, and AMS. Complete recanalisation was associated with improved clinical efficacy and safety outcomes. The review is based on case reports/series, increasing bias-risk. Myriad of potentially includible studies were necessarily excluded due to lack of requisite details. Predictors of poor outcomes with medical therapy predict poor outcomes with MT; these measures should not dictate candidacy. Complete recanalisation predicts favorable clinical and safety outcomes. Local chemolysis is safe, improves recanalisation, and should be recommended, provided there is no contraindication. Clot maceration strategies and stent-retriever thrombectomy are associated with superior clinical efficacy and safety endpoints, as compared with balloon angioplasty and rheolysis.

Contributions of Health Literacy for Patient Safety in Primary Care: A Scoping Review

Introduction: This study provides unprecedented scientific evidence for the expansion of health literacy as a tool capable of increasing patient safety through effective communication between health care professionals and their patients, especially in primary health care. Objective: To map the evidence available regarding the impact of health literacy on care safety for adult patients in primary health care. Materials and methods: This is a scoping review in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute method, which covers care, techniques, protocols, or health literacy methods used to improve primary health care. The Medline (PubMed), Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Cinahl, and Google Scholar databases were used for the gray literature search. Original studies available in full and published until January 2023, in all languages covering the topic, were included. Two reviewers screened them by title and abstract, and three reviewers read the full texts and extracted data from the selected articles presented in flowcharts, tables, and descriptive narratives. Results: A total of 3749 studies were found, of which 23 were selected. From these, the following categories emerged: ‘The impact of health literacy on the engagement and health outcomes of primary health care users;’ ‘Interventions that contribute to health literacy in primary health care;’ and ‘Evaluation of users’ and professionals’ perspectives on health literacy.’ Conclusions: Health literacy interventions focused on primary care should be encouraged within health care services to promote care, prevent illnesses, and inspire the population’s transformation process, with a direct impact on patient safety.

Treatment of the infected sacral nerve stimulator: A scoping review.

Sacral nerve stimulators (SNSs) are a widely accepted, efficacious surgical option to treat patients who have failed conservative management for overactive bladder, nonobstructive urinary retention, fecal incontinence, or pelvic pain. As with all implanted devices, there are associated risks for surgical site and implant infections. There are currently no clear published data or guidelines regarding treating such infections. We present a scoping review aiming to examine the existing literature on the treatment approaches of infected SNSs. A scoping review was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The search strategy focused on "sacral modulation," and "infection," and "explantation," and conservative management methods such as "antibiotics." A search was conducted on medical databases, and a grey literature search was performed. Thirty articles were included for data extraction. Articles were published between 2006 and 2022. Outcomes were reported for 7446 patients. Two hundred and seventy-four infection events were reported, giving an overall 3.7% infection rate. Most infection events were treated with explantation, although there is some discussion on the role of conservative management using oral and intravenous antibiotics in the literature. Articles also discussed considerations for future reimplantation after explantation of SNS. There are currently no treatment protocols in the literature to help guide whether a patient is suited to conservative or surgical management. There is future scope for developing treatment algorithms to guide clinicians for optimal treatment of infected sacral neuromodulation devices.

Current extent and future opportunities for living shorelines in Australia

Living shorelines aim to enhance the resilience of coastlines to hazards while simultaneously delivering co-benefits such as carbon sequestration. Despite the potential ecological and socio-economic benefits of living shorelines over conventional engineered coastal protection structures, application is limited globally. Australia has a long and diverse coastline that provides prime opportunities for living shorelines using beaches and dunes, vegetation, and biogenic reefs, which may be either natural (‘soft’ approach) or with an engineered structural component (‘hybrid’ approach). Published scientific studies, however, have indicated limited use of living shorelines for coastal protection in Australia. In response, we combined a national survey and interviews of coastal practitioners and a grey and peer-reviewed literature search to (1) identify barriers to living shoreline implementation; and (2) create a database of living shoreline projects in Australia based on sources other than scientific literature. Projects included were those that had either a primary or secondary goal of protection of coastal assets from erosion and/or flooding. We identified 138 living shoreline projects in Australia through the means sampled starting in 1970; with the number of projects increasing through time particularly since 2000. Over half of the total projects (59 %) were considered to be successful according to their initial stated objective (i.e., reducing hazard risk) and 18 % of projects could not be assessed for their success based on the information available. Seventy percent of projects received formal or informal monitoring. Even in the absence of peer-reviewed support for living shoreline construction in Australia, we discovered local and regional increases in their use. This suggests that coastal practitioners are learning on-the-ground, however more generally it was stated that few examples of living shorelines are being made available, suggesting a barrier in information sharing among agencies at a broader scale. A database of living shoreline projects can increase knowledge among practitioners globally to develop best practice that informs technical guidelines for different approaches and helps focus attention on areas for further research.

Tools for assessing quality of studies investigating health interventions using real-world data: a literature review and content analysis

ObjectivesWe aimed to identify existing appraisal tools for non-randomised studies of interventions (NRSIs) and to compare the criteria that the tools provide at the quality-item level.DesignLiterature review through three approaches:...

Effects of ambient air pollution on obesity and ectopic fat deposition: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionGlobally, the prevalence of obesity tripled from 1975 to 2016. There is evidence that air pollution may contribute to the obesity epidemic through an increase in oxidative stress and inflammation...

Oral health care and living environment for older people: a scoping review protocol.

This scoping review will map the literature on the extent of knowledge on living environment oral health care (LIVEOR) by examining its different terminologies, its description, the stakeholders involved, the implementation characteristics, and the outcomes reported by the authors. Older people want to receive oral health care in their current living environment. Although several authors have explored some aspects of LIVEOR for older people, there are still inconsistent findings regarding the extent of this model of care. This scoping review will include quantitative, qualitative, and mixed method studies, as well as any type of knowledge synthesis on LIVEOR involving people aged 60 years and over. The search will not be limited by language, time frame, geographic location, or publication date. We will use the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The search will include MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A hand-search of the references of the included studies, and a gray literature search will also be conducted. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts of selected studies, and perform data extraction. Findings are expected to explore what is known of LIVEOR targeting older people and to identify any knowledge gaps for future studies. We will disseminate our findings mostly through peer-reviewed publications. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/e7fm2.

Finding a needle in a haystack: The identification of clinical practice guidelines for psychosocial oncology through an environmental scan of the academic and gray literature.

Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are evidence-based tools well-suited to translate the latest research evidence into recommendations for routine clinical care. Given the rapid expansion of psychosocial oncology research, they represent a key opportunity for informing the treatment decisions of overburdened clinicians, standardizing service delivery, and improving patient-reported outcomes. Yet, there is little consensus on how clinicians can most effectively access these tools and little to no information on the current availability and scope of CPGs for the range of psychosocial symptoms and concerns experienced by patients with cancer. Our environmental scan consisted of an academic and gray literature designed to identify currently available CPGs addressing a range of cancer-related psychosocial symptoms. Findings revealed a total of 23 existing psychosocial oncology CPGs that met full eligibility criteria. The gray literature search was found to be more effective at identifying CPGs (n = 22) compared to the academic search (n = 9). Several concerns arose from the systematic search. The limited publication of CPGs in peer-reviewed journals may make clinicians and stakeholders more hesitant to implement CPGs due to uncertainties about the methodological rigor of the development process. Further, many existing CPGs are outdated or failed to be updated according to guideline recommendations, meaning that the recommendations may fall short of their purpose to translate up-to-date research findings. Future research should seek to systematically assess the quality of existing psychosocial oncology CPGs and shed light on the current state of implementation and adherence in clinical practice in order to better inform guideline developers on the current needs of the psychosocial oncology community.

Wearable technology use in long-term care facilities for older adults: a scoping review protocol.

The objective of this scoping review is to explore how wearable technology is being used to care for older adults in long-term care facilities. The use of digital health technologies to support care delivery in long-term care facilities for older adults has grown significantly in recent years, especially since the COVID-19 pandemic. Wearable technology refers to devices worn or attached to the body that can track a variety of health-related data, such as vital signs, falls, and sleep patterns. Despite the evidence that wearable devices are playing an increasing role in older adults' care, no review has been conducted on how wearable technology is being used in long-term care facilities. This review will consider studies that include people aged over 65, with any health condition or level of disability, who live in long-term care facilities. Primary and secondary studies using quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods study designs will be included. Dissertations and policy documents will also be considered. Data sources will include comprehensive searches of electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus), gray literature, and reference scanning of relevant studies. Two independent reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full texts of the selected studies. Data extraction will be performed using a tool developed by the researchers. Data will be mapped and analyzed. Descriptive frequencies and content analysis will be included, along with the tabulated results, which will be used to present the findings with regard to the review objectives. Open Science Framework https://osf.io/r9qtd.

Pre-operative hand therapy management of Dupuytren's disease: A systematic review.

Dupuytren's Disease is a fibroproliferative disorder of the hand, with a heterogenous pathogenesis, ranging from early-stage nodule development to late-stage digital contractures. Hand therapy intervention is not routinely provided pre-operatively. The objective of this systematic review was to explore the efficacy of hand therapy interventions provided for pre-operative Dupuytren's Disease. A systematic review was undertaken of the databases CENTRAL, CINAHL, OVID Medline and OVID EMBASE, PubMed, BNI, Web of Science, with grey literature and reference searches conducted from database inception to April 2022, and confirmed in August 2023. Included studies required non-surgical intervention and outcome data on individuals with Dupuytren's Disease who have not had surgical intervention. Two reviewers conducted the searches, independently assessed eligibility and completed methodological quality assessments. Data were summarised narratively. Seventeen studies were selected for final inclusion. Interventions included Extracorporeal Shockwave Therapy (ESWT), Corticosteroid Injection (CSI), Splinting, Massage and Stretching, Ultrasound Therapy (US), Temperature Controlled High Energy Adjustable Laser (THEAL). ESWT positively maintained or improved pain, active range of motion (AROM), Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores, and grip strength. US positively maintained or improved ROM and grip. Splinting positively maintained or improved ROM, CSI positively improved nodule size. Cross Frictional Massage positively impacted AROM and THEAL improved pain and DASH scores. Outcomes from therapeutic interventions for pre-operative management of Dupuytren's Disease were largely positive. However, there is a need for further high-quality research into these interventions to understand their full potential for the management of Dupuytren's Disease.

The burden of grief: A scoping review of nurses’ and physicians’ experiences throughout the COVID-19 pandemic

Coping with loss is an unfortunate reality faced by healthcare professionals, and the COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated this challenge for those who worked on the frontlines. Our scoping review aimed to comprehensively map the existing literature pertaining to the experiences of grief among nurses and physicians in the context of the pandemic. Six bibliographic databases were searched in 2022, and a targeted search of gray literature and citation chasing was also performed. After screening a total of 2920 records, we included 173 evidence sources in this review. Data was both analyzed descriptively (e.g., frequency counts and percentages) and using a qualitative content analysis approach. Our findings illuminate the myriad losses experienced by nurses and physicians throughout the pandemic. While the literature portrays the coping mechanisms healthcare professionals have developed personally, there is a pronounced need for increased institutional support to alleviate the burdens they carry.