Social Life Research Articles

Traditional Conflict Resolution Techniques and Employee Engagement in Selected Manufacturing Companies in Southwest Nigeria

The study focused on the impact of traditional conflict resolution techniques on employee engagement in selected manufacturing companies in southwest Nigeria. The research adopted the survey research design. The population from this study consist of 3,137 employees from three manufacturing companies in Lagos, Nigeria, which include Coleman wire & cables with 121 employees, May & Baker Nig. Plc with 331 employees and Nigerian Breweries Plc with 2,685 employees. The sampling technique used in this research is the Convenience Sampling Technique. The sample size of 355 was determined using the Taro Yamane’s Formula. Data was collected and were coded and managed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics such as simple percentages, frequencies were adopted used for demographic variables while hypotheses was tested multiple regression analysis. Findings showed that traditional conflict resolution techniques have a positive and significant effect on employee engagement. Based on the above findings, this study concludes that as conflict is inevitable and part of social life, the traditional conflict resolution technique is better utilised to resolve conflicts among employees and employers in workplace. The study therefore recommended that the government, should formulate laws, by-laws, regulations that can be implemented to increase honesty as the best policy in workers and employee engagement in the business world and the society.

Pengaruh Penambangan Pasir Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Masyarakat Pesisir: Desa Aeng Batu-Batu

The coastal area in Aeng Batu-Batu Village, Galesong, Takalar Regency is one of the areas whose lives depend on marine products, especially on seaweed cultivation as their main livelihood. However, due to the sea mining activities that began in the area since 2017 to meet the needs of infrastructure projects on the Center Point of Indonesia (CPI) reclamation island, it has had a significant impact on the social life of the local community, a change in income that has decreased from seaweed cultivation which has finally made fishermen switch to looking for other marine biota such as crabs and squid. In the context of social dynamics that occur as a result of mining, it has made changes in the daily activities of the local community, especially in the search for income. In this case, the solidarity of the local community is also an important factor in changing habits that occur after sand mining occurs. Sand mining also triggers coastal abrasion which causes houses in coastal areas to be exposed to abrasion. This research uses qualitative methods that focus on interview techniques, observation and literature review which are used to analyze the effects of sand mining on the coastal communities of Aeng Batu-Batu Village. The results of this study show that coastal sand mining has brought changes to the social dynamics and interaction patterns that exist in the community, especially in the management of marine resources and their place of residence. These results are expected to be material for further attention regarding coastal environmental management policies related to the utilization of natural resources, especially for reclamation needs in order to prevent negative impacts that arise in coastal communities.

The antidemocratic tendencies in the article «Labour Relations» of the draft Law of Ukraine «On Labour» under martial law

Nowadays Ukraine is experiencing an extremely difficult wartime in the strengthening democratic European values of social life. With the help of the critical analysis method the historical and legal evaluation of objective norms in labor sphere which are discriminatory was done. The comparative-legal method has helped to study the draft’s norms on conformity of their current legislation of Ukraine on labor. In the context of the armed struggle for Democracy, part of which is recognition of human rights and strengthening the Rule of Law, legislative initiative to reform the legal regulation of social relations, the object of which is the labor and employment, has signs of an anti-democratic state-political regime. The most dangerous tendency of the Draft is that its content prioritizes the economic system over the individual, which contradicts Article 3 of the Constitution of Ukraine and may lead to severe consequences, examples of which in the history of the state and law include genocides against nations. The Labor Code of Ukraine, dated December 10, 1971, No. 322-VIII is today the only normative legal act that is really able to protect human rights in Ukraine, in particular, the employee, along with the Constitution of Ukraine. At the same time, certain institutions and sub-institutions of labor law need to be developed as a result of the dynamics of social relations related to labor. Instead, the Draft Law of Ukraine «On Labor» on the legislative initiative of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine represented by D. Shmygal does not represent any development of the already established foundations and principles of legal regulation of labor relations, but on the contrary, proposes to cancel them all, which has the characteristics of an anti-democratic state-political regime and discrimination of a person on the basis of work. The current Labor Code of Ukraine certainly needs to be improved, but any reforms of legal regulation cannot cancel the already developed legal institutions on the basis of the principle of the rule of law. Unfortunately, the Project is not of an evolutionary nature of the institutions of the right to work, it simply escapes them, which contradicts the existing regulatory framework of Ukraine, and can lead to an irreparable social situation, examples of which have repeatedly occurred in the historical and legal development of the nations of the world. The methods of our doctrinal research are the method of critical analysis and description, the comparative legal method, etc.

Waves of Discrimination and Racism against Afghan Immigrants in Iran: Historical Patterns, Social Dynamics, and Human Rights Implications

Iran has historically been a host country for Afghan immigrants due to shared cultural, linguistic, and religious ties and geographical proximity. Migration, a fundamental aspect of human social life, can be driven by various factors, including persecution and the pursuit of better opportunities. However, this migration has sometimes led to nationalist sentiments and xenophobia in the host country, defined as attitudes, prejudices, and behaviors towards individuals perceived as foreign, often resulting in racist behaviors and human rights violations. In recent years, particularly following the Iranian elections in 2024, there has been a noticeable increase in anti-immigrant sentiment and xenophobia towards Afghan immigrants. This trend is alarming as it forecasts potential social divisions between Iranians and Afghan immigrants. The lack of clear media guidelines and specific laws has contributed to the growth of anti-immigrant expressions and racism within Iranian society, media, social networks, and culture. The situation has escalated with the spread of stereotypes and discriminatory information against immigrants on social networks, leading to prejudiced attitudes throughout Iran. This has highlighted a perceived superiority of Iranian citizens over minority groups, a sentiment that has been reinforced in the social and political structure. Many Iranian politicians and parliament members have openly expressed opposing views on immigration, citing national security concerns, without making efforts to enact laws that would uphold human dignity and properly manage immigration issues. Policies against Afghan immigrants, including those born and raised in Iran across multiple generations, have been criticized for being inhumane. Economic challenges in the country are often unjustly attributed to Afghan immigrants, with claims that they are the root cause of inflation, housing shortages, and other social issues. This narrative is supported by government propaganda and racist individuals through social media and other platforms, exacerbating the situation. The discrimination against Afghan immigrants has led to various forms of violence and insults, with many being denied fundamental rights such as purchasing food or renting homes. They are often segregated into specific areas for their basic needs, alienating them from society. This situation underscores the urgent need for comprehensive policies and societal change to address the discrimination and racism faced by Afghan immigrants in Iran, ensuring their rights and dignity are protected. Waves of Discrimination and Racism against Afghan Immigrants in Iran

The Frontier Nature of Nostalgic Memory

The research is devoted to nostalgia, understood as an existential and a form of historical memory. The timeless relevance of the problem, which is becoming particularly acute in the space of modern mass culture, the culture of the globalized world, is highlighted. The problem is expressed by the contradiction between the orientation of modern culture towards the future and nostalgic intentions in various spheres of social life. This problem includes the question of the role of nostalgia in the life of the subject. The purpose of the study is to determine the ontological foundations of the modern “cultural turn” to the past in social psychology, and to identify the levels, features and models of nostalgic experiences. Four levels of nostalgia representation in culture are highlighted: individual, group, national and universal. The most recognizable features of nostalgia as a form of memory are considered, such as the existential grasp of being in a nostalgic experience, the non‑narrative, symbolic, mythological nature of fixed images of the past, striving for metaphysical authenticity, awareness of the impossibility of returning to the object of longing and simultaneous awaiting of the future, as well as transcending the boundaries of individual being. It is concluded that nostalgia can be both a tool for preserving the existing social order – and changing it, manifesting itself in the form of a static or dynamic model of experiencing longing for the past. The article is intended for researchers of the problems of mass culture, historical memory, and identity of a social subject.

The Sociology of Housing: how Homes Shape Our Social Lives

The Sociology of Housing: how Homes Shape Our Social Lives

The lasting effect of childhood circus memories: nostalgia and guilt

ABSTRACT Traditional Big Top Circus has experienced a decline in popularity due to changing attitudes to its former elements and to the competition from other accessible forms of entertainment. Our study explores how childhood memories of circus experiences are retold and how these are revisited in the light of changing social values and life experiences. Data was generated through sixteen discussion groups with a total of eighty people over the age of 65 who had experienced circus in their childhood. Thematic analysis found that the circus experience still creates vivid memories decades later. These memories are based around emotions engendered by the sights, sounds and smells of the circus but also the fear of danger and the unknown. Our participants fondly remembered who they were with, highlighting the importance of the relational and social aspects in such leisure experiences. These factors induced a strong sense of nostalgia, but this was tainted by the recognition that what was enjoyed then may no longer be socially acceptable. We conclude that for traditional circus to remain relevant, it needs to harness the strength of nostalgia but separate this from guilt at what circus once included. In a highly competitive live experience, environment circus needs to create heightened sensory experiences (including fear), alongside family togetherness appealing to multiple generations with potentially different values.

Teeth Baring as a Model to Understand Complex Facial Signals in a Tolerant Macaque Species.

Facial communication regulates many aspects of social life in human and nonhuman primates. Empirically identifying distinct facial expressions and their underlying functions can help illuminate the evolution of species' communicative complexity. We focused on bared-teeth faces (BTFs), a highly versatile facial expression in the tolerant macaque Macaca tonkeana. By employing a diverse array of techniques (MaqFACS, unsupervised cluster analysis, Levenshtein distance, NetFACS), we quantitatively discriminated two distinct BTFs: bared-teeth (BT) and open mouth bared-teeth (OMBT), and evaluated their distribution across peaceful, playful, and agonistic contexts. Neither BT nor OMBT were context-specific, although BT frequently occurred during peaceful interactions and with low levels of stereotypy. OMBT was highly stereotyped during play, a context involving strong unpredictability. The presence of tongue-protrusion during OMBT was exclusive to peaceful contexts whereas the presence of glabella-lowering during BT and OMBT was specific to agonistic contexts. Hence, BT and OMBT per se are not context-specific, but their contextual relevance hinges on the inclusion of specific key elements. Moving forward, concurrent analyses of stereotypy and specificity should extend beyond our study to encompass other primate and non-primate species, facilitating direct comparisons and revealing how communicative and social complexity coevolve.

«ПРОЗЫВАЕТЕ ЕГО ПРОРОКОМ, СЧИТАЕТЕ ЕГО ПОСЛАНЦЕМ БОГА?» ПЕТР ДОСТОПОЧТЕННЫЙ О КРИТЕРИЯХ ОТЛИЧИЯ ИСТИННОГО ПРОРОКА ОТ САМОЗВАНЦА

The article analyzes The article examines a phenomenon typical of medieval spiritual and social life–the phenomenon of false prophets or self-proclaimed prophets. The focal point is the treatise of the Cluniac abbot Peter Venerable, where he clearly outlines the criteria for distinguishing a true prophet from a false one and endeavors to demonstrate that the founder of Islam, Muhammad, was a false prophet. The author of the article illustrates that the concepts of a prophet in Islam and Christianity are significantly different and emphasizes that it is precisely a misunderstanding of these differences that led the church writer to his views on Islam.

Parental and Pediatric Perspectives during the Cancer Trajectory: A Systematic Review

Background: The cancer journey is a complex and emotionally challenging experience for both children diagnosed with cancer and their parents. Understanding the perspectives of both groups can provide critical insights into improving care, psychological support, and overall quality of life during treatment and survivorship. Objectives: This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature on the perspectives of both pediatric cancer patients and their parents throughout the cancer trajectory, focusing on emotional, psychological, and social aspects. It seeks to highlight key themes and identify gaps in research for potential future studies. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, C.I.N.A.H.L., PsycINFO, and Scopus for studies published between 2013 and 2023. Eligible studies included those addressing pediatric patients with cancer, their parents, and their experiences during diagnosis, treatment, and post-treatment phases. The studies were critically appraised using the P.R.I.S.M.A. guidelines, and thematic analysis was applied to extract key findings. Results: A total of 6 studies met the inclusion criteria, revealing both parents and children experience anxiety, fear, and uncertainty, especially during diagnosis and treatment initiation. Parental distress often mirrors or exceeds the child’s emotional challenges. Parents seek clear and transparent communication with healthcare providers, while children often desire age-appropriate information about their condition and treatment. Parents and children adopt a range of coping mechanisms, including reliance on healthcare professionals, family support, and religious or spiritual beliefs. Parents express concern about the long-term impact of treatment on the child's health, education, and social life. Pediatric patients often focus on maintaining normalcy, friendships, and school participation during treatment. Both groups emphasize the importance of emotional and psychological support from healthcare teams, family, and peer support networks during the cancer journey. Conclusion: The review underscores the profound emotional and psychological burden of cancer on both pediatric patients and their parents. Effective communication, individualized support systems, and addressing the unique needs of both parties are critical for improving overall well-being during the cancer trajectory. Further research is needed to explore interventions that can mitigate distress and enhance coping strategies for parents and children.

Social-Economic and Political Contexts of Georgian Romanticism

The given article explains Georgian Romanticism, its period of origin, and its influence not only on various directions of art (painting, music, architecture, etc.) but also on the socio-economic and political situation of the country. The article discusses the forms of Romanticism's manifestation in Georgia, which were conditioned by several processes, including geopolitical occasions and socio-economic determinants. Specific preconditions that influenced the formation of Georgian Romanticism are analyzed. In particular, the abolition of Georgia's statehood in 1801; the 1804 rebellion in Mtiuleti; the 1812 peasant uprising in Kakheti; the 1819 uprising in Imereti; the abolition of the autocephaly of the Georgian Church and others The article discusses the socio-economic and political situation of Georgia in the first half of the XIX century when the Georgian society was composed of the nobility, urban population, merchants, small entrepreneurs, and peasants. Their unbearable economic situation and the desire to fight for the country's freedom somewhat determined the emergence of outstanding representatives of Georgian Romantics, who used their creativity as a weapon against the governance of the Russian Empire, which served to restore Georgia's political independence and improve the socio-economic situation of the country. Keywords: Romanticism, statehood, rebellion, independence, social life,nobility, small entrepreneurs, economic condition, taxes.

Pergaulan yang Bijak: Analisis Amsal 13:20 dan Aplikasinya terhadap Generasi Z

Social interaction is an unavoidable condition in social life. Scanning the social interactions of Generation Z in the current era, it is very free. Free social interaction means unlimited or uncontrolled interaction that can damage the morals of Generation Z. This research aims to discover Theological Principles in Proverbs 13:20 as advice for Generation Z in their daily interactions. This research method uses qualitative research methods with a literature study approach. The research results show that the theological principles in Proverbs 13:20 are: First, a wise person is one who processes with God. Second, a wise person is one who is consistent. Third, the role of community in social interaction. Fourth, choices and consequences. Fifth, the concept of foolishness. Proverbs 13:20 teaches the importance of choosing friends and social environments. Generation Z is expected to apply these principles of wisdom in their lives to achieve a meaningful life that aligns with God's will.

The Moderating Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Social Media Use and Life Satisfaction Among Older Adults

This study examines the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction among older adults, with a focus on the moderating role of self-esteem. Cross-sectional data from the 2021 Korea Media Panel Survey were analyzed, focusing on responses from 192 older adults aged 65 and older who had experience using social media platforms. The findings reveal that among older adults with low self-esteem, social media use is negatively associated with life satisfaction, whereas for those with high self-esteem, this association reverses and becomes positive. However, for older adults with medium self-esteem, the relationship between social media use and life satisfaction is not significant. This study contributes to the scholarly understanding of the structural relationship between social media use, self-esteem, and life satisfaction among older adults and offers insights for tailored interventions aimed at enhancing well-being in this demographic.

Mining autism causative SNPs based on CARMA algorithm

Abstract. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social impairment and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. This widespread neurological disorder not only results in symptoms that affect patients' social lives, such as behavioral and social disorders, but also imposes significant mental and economic burdens on their families. Therefore, research on the causes of ASD is of great practical value and significance. Previous studies have demonstrated a high genetic association with ASD and have identified specific ASD-related genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, these studies have primarily focused on establishing correlations rather than establishing causality between specific genes, SNPs, and ASD. Therefore, this experiment utilized public data from Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and employed a novel Bayesian model called CARMA (causal robust mapping method in meta-analysis) to identify SNPs strongly correlated with ASD. Notably, this study identified 14 novel pathogenic SNPs, four of which were deemed significant. Furthermore, functional annotations were performed on the pathogenic SNPs to assess their impact on gene expression in different brain regions. This analysis revealed the cerebellum, thalamus, and substantia nigra of the midbrain as the three brain regions with the highest correlation to ASD. Additionally, protein interaction analysis was conducted, revealing GATA-4 and NKX2-2 as the genes with the strongest correlation to ASD. The findings of this study provide new insights and data for future research into the genetics and biology of ASD, particularly in the field of basic research.

AANZCA2023 Conference Special Issue Introductory Article

ABSTRACT We often look to the past to think about how to navigate the future. The 2023 AANZCA conference theme drew on the Māori whakataukī or proverb, ‘Ka mua, ka muri’, which roughly translates to ‘walk backward into the future’. The theme provoked colleagues to reflect on the contextual forces of the recent past to make sense of our unknowable futures. In this editorial, we explain the local organising committee’s reasoning behind the theme, retell the story of the conference as it played out, and introduce the articles that make up this special issue. The articles span a range of topics from crisis communication, media identity, and the changing role of the internet in our social lives and research practices. Across their different contexts and methods, they illustrate the diversity of ways our community is looking to our past to feel our way towards a future.

한부모이주여성 차별 경험 연구

Objectives In order to create an equal multicultural society, the purpose of this study is to explore the discriminatory experiences experienced by single-parent migrant women who receive relatively little attention among immigrant groups in the process of adapting to Korean life and becoming independent, and then suggest ways to mitigate and solve them. Furthermore, It also presents educational and policy proposals to address and mitigate discrimination against single-parent immigrant women Methods For this purpose, a basic survey was conducted on 50 members of the *** Single Parent Center, and 21 of them were interviewed in depth about their specific experiences of discrimination. Based on this, the types of discrimination experiences experienced by single-parent immigrant women and their implications were derived. Results The results show that the discrimination experienced by single-parent immigrant women during the process of adapting to life in Korea and becoming independent mainly appear in “workplace,” “social life,” and “daily life,” and include “discrimination by country of origin,” “discrimination by inexperience in using the Korean language.” It was confirmed that there were experiences such as “foreigner (immigrant) status discrimination,” “family type discrimination,” “mother tongue discrimination,” “policy system discrimination,” “public institution discrimination,” “gender discrimination,” and “educational background discrimination.” In in-depth interviews, research participants claimed to have felt discriminatory emotions most often in the other person's “eyes and expressions,” “verbal behavior,” and “media.” The coping strategies single-parent immigrant women employed when encountering such discriminatory situations and experiences include “Hiding family type or identity,” “Ignoring discrimination and neglect,” “Coping wisely,” and “Overcoming discrimination through self-development.” Four types of “developments” were identified. Conclusions Based on the results of the study, five educational and policy proposals were presented to solve and alleviate the problem of discrimination against single-parent migrant women.

Mengorganisir Sampah yang Tercemar di TPS Masyarakat Dusun Karanglangon Desa Leran Wetan Kecamatan Palang Kabupaten Tuban

Waste is leftover material that is considered to have no economic value, but its existence cannot be avoided in people's social life. In Karanglangon Hamlet, the increase in population that occurs every year increases the volume of waste produced. As the population increases, household waste production and other activities also increase, thereby exacerbating waste management problems in the region. If not managed properly, the increasing amount of waste can have various negative impacts, both on public health and the surrounding environment, such as air, land and water pollution. This problem demands more attention from various parties to find appropriate and sustainable solutions. This research aims to identify in more depth the problems related to waste management at the Dusun Karanglangon TPS using the PAR (Participatory Action Research) approach method. The research results revealed that the condition of the waste at the TPS had a significant negative impact on the surrounding environment. The main causes are limited facilities, minimal budgets, and inadequate waste management standards, resulting in the accumulation of waste and increasingly severe environmental pollution.

Kontribusi Pesantren dalam Pengembangan Literasi Halal pada Produk Makanan Studi Pondok Pesantren Addimyathi Nurul Iman

Islamic boarding school as a development of knowledge about Islamic teachings. Knowledge and in-depth understanding of halal principles in production and consumption in accordance with Islamic law. Halal literacy is very important to ensure that products in circulation comply with halal regulations. Bangkalan is one of the districts on the island of Madura, which is famous for its strong Islamic culture, and the many Islamic boarding schools which play an important role in social life and community education, where many Islamic boarding schools are a challenge in implementing halal principles for the environment around Islamic boarding schools. With the development of halal literacy, the aim is to increase understanding and application of halal principles through various education and training programs, outreach and other activities. This research focuses on the contribution of Islamic boarding schools in developing halal literacy at Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan. Halal literacy includes a deep understanding of products and services that comply with Islamic law. The aim of this research is to identify forms of Islamic boarding school contribution in developing halal literacy in Bangkalan Regency. It is hoped that the results of this research will provide new insights to increase the role of Islamic boarding schools in strengthening halal literacy in society. This research uses a qualitative approach with a study method that focuses on several Islamic boarding schools in Bangkalan Regency which are considered to have a significant role in developing halal literacy. Data was collected through in-depth interviews with Islamic boarding school caregivers, students and other relevant parties, as well as through direct observation of activities related to halal literacy.

Mental health, risk behaviors, and social life factors in relation to adolescents' suicide ideation, plans and attempt.

This study investigated differences in mental health and well-being, risk behaviors, and social life factors among adolescents who experienced different forms of suicidality. We examined 18-years-olds in the Danish National Birth Cohort (N = 47,852). Suicidality was defined with mutually exclusive categories ranging from no suicidality, self-reported suicide ideation, plans, and attempt as well as hospital-recorded suicide attempt. The proportion of adolescents with self-reported poor mental health and well-being, risk behaviors, and social life factors were compared across forms of suicidality. Sample weights were applied. Depressive symptoms were reported by 14% (95% CI 13%;14%) of girls with no suicidality, 44% (95% CI 43%;45%) of girls with suicide ideation, and 68% (95% CI 65%;72%) 66% (95% CI 60%;72%) of girls with self-reported suicide attempt or hospital-recorded suicide attempt respectively. Among boys, depressive symptoms were reported by 5% (95% CI 4%;5%) of those with no suicidality, 27% (95% CI 26%;28%) of those with suicide ideation, and 51% (95% CI 45%;57%) and 40% (95% CI 22%;58%) of those with self-reported suicide attempt or hospital-recorded suicide attempt respectively. Likewise, other aspects of poor mental health and well-being gradually increased relative with more severe forms of suicidality, while no notable differences were identified between adolescents with self-reported and hospital-recorded suicide attempt. Similar tendencies were observed for risk behaviors and social life factors. These findings suggest that adolescents with suicidality, including the large proportion with suicide ideation only, faces challenges across several parameters of mental health and well-being, risk behavior, and social life factors. This emphasizes the need for community-based interventions to identify and support the large group of adolescents experiencing both more and less severe forms of suicidality. Clinicians should prioritize comprehensive psychiatric intervention to address the complex needs of suicidal adolescents effectively.

Slavery as a Social Institution Gleaned from Tarisappalli Copper Plates

Slavery as a universal social evil had its origins in time immemorial. Slavery was a part of the social life of Kerala society until the second half of the nineteenth century. According to the mythical story embodied in Keralolpathi, Parasurama reclaimed Kerala from the Ocean by throwing his axe. On this divine gift of the Arabian Sea, Parasurama settled the Brahmins as the lords and brought the indigenous people as cultivators and enslaved people. The story is indicative of the origin of agrestic slavery in the land. Several documents discovered from various parts of Kerala throw light on the existence of slavery in Kerala. The first inscriptional evidence of slavery as a social institution in Kerala belongs to the ninth century (AD 849). It is named the Tarisappalli Copper Plate, Syrian Christian Copper Plate, and Kollam Copper Plate. This inscription is the only document from ancient Kerala that gives proper knowledge about the existence of ‘Adimakasu’ or slave levy. The Venad Raja Ayyan Adikal Tiruvadikal granted certain privileges to the Nasranis or the Syrian Christians of Quilon. The institution of slavery existed among the Syrian Christians, and the origin of the slave levy can be traced from these copper plates. The Tarisappalli plates are, of course, not only crucial for the Syrian Christians of Kerala but hold an essential position in the history of Kerala because it is one of the oldest records with detailed evidence of the existence of slavery and also about the extensive trade with Arabs, Portuguese, Persians, and Jews. This article attempts to trace the institution of slavery from the early records of the Tarisappalli copper plate.