Green Rating Tools Research Articles

Evaluasi Green Building Berdasarkan Greenship pada Bangunan Gedung RSUD Grati Pasuruan

This research conducted focused on the Grati Hospital Building, which is an effort to mitigate global warming by evaluating the building in terms of green building principles. This is because the building is newly constructed and located in an industrial area with a dense population, making it suitable for a case study. The aim is to evaluate the RSUD Grati Hospital building based on the Green Building concept by applying Greenship assessment simulations. This research is classified as quantitative research, focusing on direct observational methods with reference to the Greenship Rating Tools, specifically version 1.2 for newly constructed buildings. The simulation results of the evaluation conducted on the RSUD Grati Hospital building are as follows: (1) Land Use Efficiency scores 7 points, (2) Energy Efficiency and Conservation scores 8 points, (3) Water Conservation scores 10 points, (4) Material Resources and Cycle scores 8 points, (5) Indoor Health and Comfort scores 6 points, (6) Building Environmental Management scores 4 points. Based on the points obtained, the overall rating is Bronze, with a score of 43 points or 42.57%, ranking fourth out of four ranks available, thus qualifying the building as a green building. The distinctive feature of the RSUD Grati Hospital building in implementing green building principles lies in its electricity and water conservation efforts, as reflected in the Energy Efficiency and Water Conservation categories.

Sustainability Assessment by Green Building Rating Systems: A Comparative Analysis of LEED, BREEAM and CASBEE on a Case Study

The construction sector, with its environmental impacts, such as energy consumption and pollution, urgently needs to adopt sustainable strategies to counter global warming. The global shift towards green buildings, significantly in developing countries, emphasises environmentally friendly structures that balance environmental, societal, and economic impacts, with green building rating systems pivotal in these efforts. This study aims for sustainability in the construction industry using green rating tools, focusing on a case study of a 5-story residential building assessed using LEED, BREEAM, and CASBEE standards. The building secured the highest ratings with LEED (42.72%), followed by BREEAM (40.03%), and CASBEE (33%) achieving "GOLD", "GOOD", and "GOOD" ranks respectively. Notably, the innovation and energy sectors offer room for enhanced rating. While all tools prioritise indoor environmental quality, comparative analysis of rating assessments and the three-dimensional sustainability and its association with rating tools reveal that they do not ensure economic sustainability while addressing environmental and social sustainability. This study provides insights into the efficacy of these rating tools and highlights areas for improvement to achieve sustainability ratings.

Explainable semi-supervised AI for green performance evaluation of airport buildings

Despite the global sustainability trend, airport buildings have received limited attention regarding their environmental impact within the built environment and aviation sectors. With less than 1% of green building certifications worldwide, there is a lack of essential green performance assessment tools, including frameworks, primary datasets, and models that require less human supervision. Previous research has addressed these issues by proposing frameworks, primary datasets, and a supervised method that leverages Classification and Regression Trees. However, these methods still rely on human effort to fix credit scores and assign category weights, necessitating significant supervision from human experts. This study presents a green performance evaluation model for airport buildings using an explainable semi-supervised AI approach to reduce human dependency during the inference of green scores. Principal Component Analysis and Hierarchical Clustering algorithms (agglomerative and divisive) are employed to construct the models. The dataset's dimensionality is reduced based on metrics such as scatter coefficient, Psi Index, variation, and permutation. The cluster numbers are determined using elbow point and silhouette coefficient values, resulting in cluster initializations between 6 and 12. Performance measures, including the rand index, mean absolute error, precision, recall, F1-measure, and accuracy, are evaluated for the models. The AHC and DHC models exhibit a maximum accuracy of 74%, albeit with different cluster numbers. Consequently, models are developed with suitable cluster numbers to derive green rules with improved predictive accuracy. Each agglomerative and divisive hierarchical clustering model yields 12 practical green rules that can assist airport operators and facility managers in enhancing the green performance of their airport buildings. These explainable green rules serve as guidelines to improve airport facilities. Additionally, a web-based green rating tool is developed to demonstrate the proof-of-concept, utilizing the green rules extracted from the agglomerative model.

Analysis of four categories of environmentally friendly building assessment (case study: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, Jakarta)

The Chairul Saleh Building or the Secretariat General Office Building has implemented the Energy Management Program since 2016. In this study, an assessment was carried out based on the GBCI environmental assessment tool, especially for aspects of land use, energy efficiency and conservation, water conservation, and building environmental management aspects. The requirement analysis to get a green predicate is provided by points assessment which fullfillment the standard. Chairul Saleh building has implemented 10 of the 16 points in Appropriate Site Development category. Energy efficiency and conservation, Chairul Saleh building has implemented 29 of the 36 maximum points. Water Conservation category managed to get 5 out of 20 maximum points, while Building Environmental Management managed to get 11 out of 13 points, Material Resource and Cycle get 8 out of 12 points, Indoor Health and Comfort, get 9 out of 20 points, which was determined in the GBCI greenship rating tools for existing building. The result revealed that in the total value of Chairul Saleh Building was 72 points, it meants achived the Gold certification. Based on the rating set by the GBCI greenship, the Chairul Saleh building is currently awarded a Gold rating for its ability to apply the green building standard.

Engineering and Financial Feasibility of Residential Housing Using Greenship Rating Tool Parameters

Green building aims to reduce environmental effect by improving indoor air quality for households and the community. Green buildings use the Greenship Rating Tools evaluation standards to accomplish environmentally sustainable residential development. Purpose of the study: The most important part of this thesis is to do a engineering and financial preliminary study before the construction of houses. Methods: Three home types (48/66, 70/84, and 80/112) will be used to generate Malang Residential Home data for this project. On the basis of BBC, BFC, and GBC, the technical viability will be assessed. The NPV, BCR, IRR, and PBP will be utilized to establish the project's financial viability. Variations in capital proportion, as well as increases or decreases in project revenue and outcome, would all be included when calculating sensitivity. Results: Between 60% and 75% of the BBC's technical feasibility has been determined, whereas BFC is between 0.60 and 1%, and GBC is larger than 10%. To put Malang Residential Housing in the silver level, IDR 1,382,745,228 was the NPV, with a BCR of 1.02, an IRR of 59.75 percent, and a PBP of one year and six months. It was concluded that the project was viable based on the sensitivity of the project's income and results to its viability.
 Keywords: Greenship Rating Tool, Engineering Feasibility, Financial Preliminary Study

Greenship Assessment of Indoor Health and Comfort at Greenhub Suited Offices

Implementation of Green Building can reduce global warming and create health and comfort workplace in order to improve employee performance. Greenhub Suited Office has the potential to get high points in achieving the Indoor Health and Comfort Aspect on the Greenship Interior Space 1.0. This research was done during work activities with 60% occupancy rate. This paper aims to analyze the achievements on indoor health and comfort aspect based on the Greenship rating tools Interior Space version 1.0. The descriptive approach on this reasearch was implemented by collecting data through the interview with an expert and occupants, literature study, the data retrieval with comparative study according to GBCI standard, fields survey directly, and field measurements. Based on the assessment, almost all the Indoor health and comfort criterias had been achieved by Greenhub Suited Offices. The results showed that Greenhub obtained a total index of 23 points with a percentage of 85%. Greenhub must earn 85% of Greenship Rating Tools percentage for the other five aspects on the GBCI standard to get a platinum rating.

Indoor Air and Light Quality Assessment in a University Campus Classroom

Educational buildings should provide a secure, healthy, and comfortable indoor environment for students since they spend a noteworthy part of their time inside. The present study aims to identify and assess the key indicators related to the light and air quality of a campus classroom, which contributes to the health of students. The indicators are chosen from an existing green rating tool, the WELL Building Standard (WBS). The research methodology consists of three main phases; indicator selection, impact assessment, and validation process. The engagement of stakeholders was taken into the account in the entire research framework. The research findings showed that there is a considerable gap among the acceptable range of indoor air and the light quality of the classroom. This led to verifying various health issues among the students, including dryness and irritation of the skin and eyes, and consequently increased their dissatisfaction rate. The study provides some significant insights based on the obtained results, highlighting the importance of incorporating student health and wellness into educational building design and operations, including visual comfort and indoor air quality conditions, which are often worse than the stipulations in standards.

Towards greener airports: Development of an assessment framework by leveraging sustainability reports and rating tools

Airports are a vital part of the aviation infrastructure that promotes socio-economic development and environmental pollution. Arguably there are no mature green building rating tools for assessing the construction and operation of airports. There is a justified and imminent need for developing such a green rating tool for airports considering the following: (i) carbon emission potential, (ii) number of passengers served, (iii) number of flights operated, and (iv) the expansion of air-routes to newer destinations in developing nations which has directly resulted in an exponential proliferation in the number of airports. This paper aims to develop an airport-specific green rating framework. This framework can be realized as a tool that assesses the greenery of airport operations based on environmental indicators. Content Analysis approach is used to retrieve environmental information from airport sustainability reports and green building information gateway for inferring the relationship between parameters of business and environmental interests. Green Airport assessment framework is developed considering the existing categories and environmental indicators present in GBRT's used for current green airport evaluation, and the important environmental indicators from airport sustainability reports. The developed framework forms a vital basis for the construction of green rating tool for airport operations.

Do green features increase housing value in Malaysia?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the perception of valuers towards the contribution of green features in residential property valuation. The concept of green housing was designed to reduce the negative impacts on the environment and humans. The cost of green housing is higher than the conventional building and is reflected in the selling price, which is further enhanced by the increasing demand for green buildings in the housing market. Such a scenario could be a challenge to the valuers when they carry out a valuation on housing with green features, as there is a lack of information to guide valuers.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a quantitative research method. A comprehensive review of the international green rating tools was carried out to ascertain the relative green features in residential buildings. There are 14 green features identified and grouped into four main categories. A total of 147 valid responses were collected by an online platform and face-to-face distribution among licensed valuers in Malaysia.FindingsThe result confirmed that the 14 green features are contributing to the residential property valuation with a reasonable range of adjustment from 2.0% to 6.5%.Originality/valueThe understanding of the range of adjustment for each green feature may provide a guide to the valuer in determining the range of adjustment based on green features associated with residential property in Malaysia. The findings contribute ideas and options to the future development of residential projects by taking into consideration the specific green features that potentially lead to environmental sustainability and building value.

Appropriate Site Development in the Application of the Green Building Concept: An Evaluation of the Planning of Gianyar Public Market

<p class="Abstract"><em>Appropriate Site Development is one of the Greenship criteria for maintaining or expanding urban greenery in order to improve microclimate quality, decrease CO2 and other pollutants, avoid soil erosion, reduce drainage system loads, and keep the balance between clean water and groundwater systems. </em><em>The GREENSHIP concept is a solution to the decline of the green spaces of Gianyar regency, which has been due to the construction of hotels and villas for tourism</em><em>. The Government of Gianyar Regency in Bali Province is committed to applying the concept by planning Gianyar Public Market as the first public facility that uses the idea. This study evaluated whether the application of the Green Building concept, particularly the one in the category of Appropriate Site Development, will be beneficial for the users and the surrounding environment. The evaluation used mixed-methods, which incorporated a case study approach</em><em>.</em><em> </em><em>Two key persons were interviewed. The collected interview data combined with the secondary data were processed with the GREENSHIP rating tools</em><em>. Results of the evaluation show that, in the category of Appropriate Site Development, the planning of Gianyar Public Market obtains 41.18% points. It means that the planning has not yet adequately fulfilled the criteria. Therefore, some efforts and improvements need to be taken and made to fulfill the criteria of the categories in which the planning has not yet obtained maximum points. One of such categories is technology application.</em><em></em></p>

Nilai Kearifan Rumah Hijau (Greenship Homes) Permukiman Pedesaan Lereng Gunung, kasus Desa Kledung, Temanggung

<p><em>The implementation of greenship homes rating tools on houses in residential areas has been carried out in recent times. On the other hand, in mountain settlements have the value of local wisdom considers the environment as the basis of settlement management. The purpose of this study found the value of green buildings mountain settlements, the case of Kledung Village, Wonosobo, using the analysis of greenship homes rating tools. Qualitative research is conducted by physical mapping methods and interviews to homeowner informants. The study used 12 purposive samples, which were defined based on four character locations. The results of the study, based on 4 character location of the case, greenship homes value is relatively similar / its same. There is no difference in value between one case than another, so that analysis is done at once. Overall, the results of the study explained that the greenship homes rating tool can be applied in kledung village. The result is 1) all buildings are larger than the ratio of greenship rating tools, 2) all houses have electricity meters and monitoring; 3) sorting of organic and inorganic waste; 4) pest management; 5) some houses use recicled, reuse, and local materials, 6) sunny utilization and solar entry into homes and cross-circulation wind management in houses. Uniquenesse's finding are 1) there is a minimum large tree in Kledung village, because the village has cold temperatures, high humidity and little daily sunlight time. In addition, the people in Kledung Village do not regulate clean water, because it is abundant in this village</em><em></em></p>

Lighting Enhancement of Classrooms in Heritage School Buildings Based on the Greenship Rating Tools

This study aims to suggest some strategies for improving the quality of lighting in adaptive reuse buildings. Recently, several concerns have been raised about the lighting environment of heritage buildings that have been adaptively reused for a different function. These changes may lead to a problem for the occupants of the building, particularly on the indoor lighting quality. It is regarded as one of the most affected variables in the building of heritage that is adaptively reused. Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) has been concerned about this issue, particularly to the requirements related to lighting power density and control, visual comfort, outside view, and daylight. The purpose of this research is therefore to suggest some strategies for improving the quality of lighting in the two classrooms of two heritage schools in Surabaya, Indonesia, based on the Greenship Interior Space rating tool. There are three credits for lighting power density and control, and one credit for visual comfort criteria. By performing light mapping measurements, calculations, and computer simulation, this analysis is qualitative. To capture the condition of the classrooms examined, building observation was also performed. The observation shows that the existing condition gains four credits only. If adopted, the strategies proposed could achieve eight credits, which is covers 80% of the assessment points. The higher credits achieved reflect a better lighting environment and better value for energy efficiency and conservation.

Application of generalized Choquet fuzzy integral method in the sustainability rating of green buildings based on the BSAM scheme

The need to reduce the impact of building projects on the sustainability of the built environment and improve the use of resources necessitated several interventions such as the development of methods to assess building impacts and improve the sustainability performance of buildings. Using the BSAM scheme – a green building rating system developed specifically for the sub-Saharan region of Africa, the generalized Choquet fuzzy integral method was employed to determine the importance weights of the sustainability assessment criteria. Data collected from industry experts form the base inputs for the impact of the various sustainability criteria based on the local variations. Consequently, the building sustainability evaluation index and grading scheme were developed to measure and evaluate the sustainability performance of buildings. The developed sustainability rating model was validated in four real-world case studies to demonstrate its usefulness and robustness in practice. The findings revealed that the conventional approach of aggregation of points used by the existing green rating tools is less effective in dealing with criteria that have interactive characteristics. Also, assessment criteria such as sustainable construction practices, transportation, and energy have a significant impact on the sustainability of buildings. The study provides substantial contributions to the existing body of knowledge about green building assessment systems for built environment stakeholders, both from the theoretical and practical perspectives.

Development of a building sustainability assessment method (BSAM) for developing countries in sub-Saharan Africa

The consideration of the regional context in the development of green building rating systems is well established in the extant literature, and this informs the development of a sustainability assessment method for sub-Saharan Africa. Hence, a multi-expert consultation method was carried out in Nigeria which is the largest economy in the region. This was performed via a structured questionnaire survey and interview approaches to identify the key sustainability assessment criteria, assign score-weights to the various criteria, and establish the certification grading system of buildings. The developed Building Sustainability Assessment Method (BSAM) scheme and its weighted criteria were validated using two existing building case studies. The established BSAM scheme was compared to six widely used green building rating systems. The comparative analysis reveals that the score-weights and priorities of the BSAM scheme were remarkably different from the existing rating systems. The study findings also show the increasing focus on the indoor environmental quality and energy criteria by all the rating systems. The developed BSAM scheme, meanwhile, has adequately considered the three main pillars of sustainable development unlike the existing green rating tools. Hence, it is expected for the proposed BSAM scheme to promote greener buildings and enhance sustainable urban development in the region.

ENABLING FACTORS FOR GREEN HOUSING PROJECTS

Transformations of the housing industry in Malaysia deliver tremendous benefits. Currently, green housing received significant attention in Malaysia by introducing Green Building Index (GBI) as green rating tool for buildings. However, the implementation of green housing is quite low due to certain barriers. Thus, this research focusses on determining enabling factors that will be considered in developing green housing projects. The research conducted a questionnaire survey to the developers while data was analysed through the quantitative method. This research attempted to highlight the significant enabling factors being considered by developers in developing green housing projects.

Implementation of Green Building Concept in Office Building Jakarta

Green Building Concept has become popular in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the implementation of green building principles in Office Buildings. Research Method using a GREENSHIP Rating Tools for existing building which consists of six categories; Appropriate Site Development (ASD), Energy Efficiency & Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), Material Resources & Cycle (MRC), Indoor Air Health & Comfort (IHC) and Building & Environments Management (BEM). The results show that implementation the Green Building Concept could also made energy performance more efficient, after Implementing through Retrofitting of the Chiller System, Recycle Waste Water, Replacement of Conventional lamp to Energy Saving LED and also Training and Education to all employees and tenants. From comparing Data research before implementation of Green Building concept in 2014 and after Implementation and retrofitting in 2017 & 2018, found that Savings Cost from electricity bill payments is IDR. 466,803,325.67/month (18%) and roughly will Break Event Point (BEP) for 3.86 Years and Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) from 238.8 kwh/m2/Years to 123.65 kwh/m2/Year

Implementation of Energy Management Concept and Energy Management System in High Rise Office Building

Energy Management Concept as part of Green Building Concept is focused to Improve Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) and Water Consumption Index (WCI). The Implementation Energy Management Concept in an office buildings of this study based on the management system model of continual improvement ISO 50001:2011. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the implementation of green building principles in Office Buildings. This study took the case study in an office building in Jakarta Indonesia that has two towers, each tower has 32 floors and 3 basement floors. The method used is descriptive with respect to GREENSHIP Rating Tools for existing building which consists of six categories; Appropriate Site Development (ASD), Energy Efficiency & Conservation (EEC), Water Conservation (WAC), Material Resources & Cycle (MRC), Indoor Air Health & Comfort (IHC) and Building & Environments Management (BEM). The results show that implementation the Energy Management Concept could also made energy performance more efficient, after Implementing through Retrofitting of the Chiller System, Recycle Waste Water, Replacement of Conventional lamp to Energy Saving LED and also Training and Education to all employees and tenants. From comparing data research before implementation of Energy Management Concept in 2014 and after Implementation and retrofitting in 2016, 2017 & 2018, it is found that Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) from 238.8 kwh/m2/Years to 134,04kwh/m2/Year and Water Consumption Index (WCI)From 50 liter/person/Day to 27.18 Liter/person/Day. And the saving cost from electricity bill payments is IDR. 466,803,325.67 / month (18%) and roughly will Break Event Point (BEP) for 3.86 Years

Automation in Civil Engineering Design in Assessing Building Energy Efficiency

Automation in Civil Engineering design is no longer unfamiliar anymore in the construction industry. It brings great efficiency gains and has reduced many of the complicated aspects of design. Automation has been developing since over the last four decades where advancement of computer hardware and in line with software developments has enabled various sort of design to be computerized. The design process is now more fast and accurate, and the entire process has been outstandingly improved by the available technology. However, the problems related to computerized design, started from the possibilities for unrecognized or unanticipated consequences as the design becomes more complicated. In line with it is the global warming issue that has been threatening the human being. Therefore, this paper reviews the design automation and its application in civil engineering design emphasizing in assessing the energy efficiency of buildings, which includes background information, its application, advantages, and challenges and also suggestions to further improve the automation in civil engineering design by artificial intelligence (AI). It was discovered that since over the past few years, BIM implementation in Civil Engineering design has started to be adopted massively in construction industry due to its tremendous advantages. In this paper, a new flow process in design automation in assessing building sustainability has been proposed by implementing AI BIM which is linked with MyCREST, a green rating tool in Malaysia in order to assist designers to conceptually design for a more energy efficient building.

Analisis Pengelolaan Air Berdasarkan Konsep Green Building Pada Greenship

The purpose of this research is to analyze the water management system at Raden Dewi Sartika Building and provide recommendation in water management in accordance with the existing conditions of the building as an effort of water utilization based on greenship GBCI criteria. Data collecting was conducted by observing the condition of existing water management system in buildings and water. Water demand analysis based on number of building occupants calculated based on the national standard. The analyze of water management on this building using greenship rating tools as the standar. The results of water management research on the building Raden Dewi Sartika get the amount of water requirement of 148,128 liters /day with the amount of waste grey water that can be reprocessed to meet the needs of flushing on the building by 31.8% of the amount of water a day. With greenship, Raden Dewi Sartika Building has fulfilled the benchmarks in the category of recycled water and potable water. But at the potable water category, its processing system was inactive and sub meter water for control water usage was not plugged in. Overall the water management on the building already reach 25% based on the assestment by using greenship

Green Building Premium Cost Analysis in Indonesia Using Work Breakdown Structure Method

The concept of green building in the construction industry is indispensable for mitigating environmental issues such as waste, pollution, and carbon emissions. There are some countries that have Green Building rating tools. Indonesia particularly is the country which has Greenship rating tools but the number of Green Building is relatively low. Development of building construction is depended on building investors or owner initiation, so this research is conducted to get the building aspects that have significant effect on the attractiveness using The Green Building Concept. The method in this research is work breakdown structure method that detailing the green building activities. The particular activities will be processed to get the cost elements for the green building achievement that it was targeted to improve better than conventional building. The final result of the study was a very significant work package on green building construction in the city of Indonesia case study.